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Three classes of amine‐modified sorbents. Class 1 sorbent: polyethyleneimines (PEI) impregnated in porous materials. Class 2 sorbent: amines covalently tethered through silane linkages. Class 3 sorbent: in situ aziridine polymerization on a solid material.142
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The urgency to address global climate change induced by greenhouse gas emissions is increasing. In particular, the rise in atmospheric CO2 levels is generating alarm. Technologies to remove CO2 from ambient air, or “direct air capture” (DAC), have recently demonstrated that they can contribute to “negative carbon emission.” Recent advances in surfa...
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Citations
... Based on the sorption mechanism, CO 2 can either be captured through physisorption or chemisorption. 4 Physisorption relies on physical interactions between CO 2 and a sorbent. The regeneration temperature of physisorption-based sorbents is relatively low (<100 C), 5 but the weakness of physical interactions also makes it challenging to capture CO 2 effectively from the dilute source. ...
Direct air capture (DAC) is a promising technology for decarbonization through the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. In many DAC processes, the regeneration energy used to restore the capture capacity of sorbents accounts for a significant fraction of the energy required by the whole process. Here we report an effective and scalable sorbent regeneration method for liquid DAC solvents based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) heating with AC magnetic fields. MNPs can be directly heated to provide uniform and rapid volumetric heating, as we demonstrate by promoting the release of captured CO2 from an aqueous solution of potassium sarcosinate. Our results showed that 90% of the solvent can be regenerated within 7.5 min of heating through proposed technique. The MNPs and solvent are found to be stable during the regeneration process and the MNPs showed long‐term stability in the CO2‐saturated solvent. Cyclic experiments showed that the nanoparticles can be reused for multiple cycles without performance deterioration. The process is operated in a noncontact mode through electromagnetic waves, making it an adoptable approach for existing carbon capture systems. The MNPs heating provides an effective regeneration strategy for liquid solvents used in carbon capture processes, in particular for DAC.
... Absorbents and adsorbents are key components of the DAC process system and their performance directly affects the overall cost and efficiency of the process. Thus, the technological maturity of DAC in general is still low and the application of this innovative solution is in its infancy [20]. ...
The article discusses the importance of finding effective technological solutions for CO2 capture and subsequent utilisation in the context of underground storage or underground injection of carbon dioxide in order to implement water-gas effects to enhance hydrocarbon recovery. The authors also focus on current and promising carbon capture methods, comparing their technological features, advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions are drawn about which technological developments may be the most promising for solving the problem of reducing the carbon footprint of energy industry enterprises, and where there is a need for further research, despite the high energy costs and technological complexities.
... To address these challenges, researchers have successfully synthesized task-specific ILs by incorporating suitable moieties into conventional ILs, thereby enhancing their absorption capacity. While detailed synthesis methods of ILs have been previously summarized in reviews [37][38][39], the focus of this review article will lie in exploring the diverse applications of ILs, rather than delving extensively into the synthesis procedures. ...
In the last three decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources. To address this pressing issue, the importance of reducing CO2 emissions has grown, leading to increased attention toward carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies. Among these strategies, monodisperse microcapsules, produced using droplet microfluidics, have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture, offering a potential solution to mitigate CO2 emissions. However, the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge. In this comprehensive review, the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on. Specifically, the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies, the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets, along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations, and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided. This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production, which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.
... In der Desorptionskolonne kommt es auf Grund der höheren Temperatur zu einem noch größeren Verlust an Waschmittel in die Gasphase, welches dann über den CO 2 -reichen Gasstrom aus der Regenerationsstufe ausgetragen wird. Zusätzlich entzieht der Phasenwechsel dem System Energie in Form der Verdampfungsenthalpie [20]. Trotz einer nachgelagerten Kondensation zur Waschmittelrückführung wird ein Teil des Waschmittels über die Abgase in die Umgebungsluft freigesetzt [21]. ...
Zusammenfassung
Im Artikel wird ein neuartiges Direct Air Capture (DAC)‐Verfahren vorgestellt, das auf einer Gaswäsche mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten (IL: ionic liquids) beruht. Auf Basis von Voruntersuchungen wurden ein hydrophobes und ein hydrophiles IL‐System für die experimentellen Untersuchungen in einer Versuchsanlage ausgewählt. Es konnte der Nachweis erbracht werden, dass mit dem neuartigen Verfahren konzentriertes CO 2 ‐Produktgas aus der Umgebungsluft gewonnen werden kann.
... Through adsorption isotherm and kinetic measurements, it was found that the most investigated adsorption pair for ACS was Maxsorb [16,46]. Even though this pair is environmentally friendly, CO 2 has some disadvantages compared to HFC refrigerants, such as low cooling capacity, higher operating pressures, and a hazard in high concentrations [47]. In addition, the cost of Maxsorb III is relatively high compared to other activated carbons, which makes it uneconomical, especially in large-scale applications [43]. ...
Considering addressing global warming and energy crises, this work presents an alternative cooling system based on adsorption technology. The novelty of this work lies in the improvement of the adsorption properties of the commercial adsorbent AquaSorb2000 (AS2000) for the first time by a chemical method. The AS2000 is improved by mixing with ammonium carbonate and thermally treated at 500 • C in a nitrogen gas flow. The raw AS2000 and the modified (MAS2000) adsorbents were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and N 2 gas adsorption/desorption techniques. It was found that the modification led to significant surface changes. Adsorption isotherms of HFC-404A gas were investigated over AS2000 and MAS2000 adsorbents. Experimental results are fitted with Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) and Sun-Chakraborty (S-C) equations for the isotherms and linear driving force and Fickian diffusion models for the kinetics. Moreover, the performance of the two materials is investigated for adsorption cooling systems (ADSs) using transient simulation modeling. The results showed improvement in the adsorption uptake from 0.50 kg R /kg AC of AS2000 to 0.99 kg R /kg AC of MAS2000 adsorbent. At the optimum conditions of the modified sample, the ADS performance parameters estimated by 124 W/kg specific cooling power (SCP) and 0.17 of coefficient of performance (COP) improved by 63 % and 70 %, respectively, compared to using the indicated original activated carbon material.
... was taken into account for the experiment. As per Stein (2022) and Shi et al. (2020) concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in air is in range of 410-421 ppm. Concrete specimens 500 × 100 × 100 mm 3 and 150 mm cube was tested for flexural and compressive strength as per the Indian standards [IS 516:2014]. ...
... An example of such technology is steam methane reforming used for the H 2 production [32]. However, in most cases it is, of course, necessary to take up СО 2 at low temperatures close to the ambient temperature [5,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The lower is the temperature required for the regeneration of a low-temperature sorbent, the more cost-effi cient will be the process. ...
... To solve the problem of the loss of the volatile amine when using traditional aqueous amine solutions, nonvolatile amine-containing chemisorbents have been suggested. These sorbents have a polymeric structure or are organic salt melts (ionic liquids); after the reaction with CO 2 , they can be regenerated at low temperatures (about 100°С) [21,23]. However, the majority of such materials are very viscous [50,51], which can considerably reduce the rate of the CO 2 sorption due to diff usion hindrance. ...
... However, the majority of such materials are very viscous [50,51], which can considerably reduce the rate of the CO 2 sorption due to diff usion hindrance. To accelerate the CO 2 sorption, such approaches are suggested as dissolution of aminecontaining compounds in less viscous but nonvolatile solvents [51,53] or their application onto porous matrices for the dispersion of the active component [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The materials prepared by the second procedure can be termed composite CO 2 sorbents. ...
... [11][12][13][14] Other effective solidphase materials are most oen basic oxides or basic hybrid materials, with or without porosity, including zeolites, [15][16][17] hydrotalcites (synthetic or mine tailings), 18,19 aminefunctionalized silica, 20,21 and metal organic frameworks (MOFs). [22][23][24] The implementation of peroxide or superoxide ligation of metals (i.e. alkalis, alkaline earths) is an interesting approach to solid DAC materials. ...
Direct air capture (DAC) removal of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere is imperative to slow the catastrophic effects of global climate change. Numerous materials are being investigated, including various alkaline...
... Increasing humidity can trigger the reversible reaction (with a positive ΔG) to release the trapped CO2. This unique mechanism endows MSDAC technology with high thermodynamic efficiency 10 , which can reduce energy requirements compared with other DAC technologies that rely on energy to achieve sorbent regeneration (such as through temperature-swing 11 and pressure-swing 12 ), thus improving economic competitiveness. ...
... For large-scale applications, water immersion or spraying is also often applied to ensure rapid humidification of the sorbents 14,15 . The humidification operation necessitates not only a large amount of water but also stringent water-quality requirements to prevent hetero-ion contamination and maintain the integrity of the functional groups (CO3 2-) 10 . These limitations substantially increase the cost of MSDAC technology and hinder its implementation. ...
... , but their performance has not yet improved enough to render MSDAC competitive compared with other DAC technologies17 . Current research on MSDAC has predominantly focused on quaternary ammonium-based AER materials loaded with CO3 2-ions10,13,16,18,19 , but the potential of which to increase CO2 sorption capacity seems nearly exhausted16 . Attempts have been therefore made to explore a wider range of MSDAC sorbents 20 . ...
Direct air capture (DAC) of CO 2 is recognized to be a necessary complement to large point-source carbon capture due to the urgent need for a deep reduction in carbon emissions. As an energy-efficient regeneration mechanism, moisture-swing DAC (MSDAC) has received considerable attention in recent years. In this study, we extended the limited functional group types of MSDAC sorbent to most of the monovalent and divalent basic ions, and, for the first time, demonstrated experimentally the potential of cation-exchange-resins (CER) as MSDAC sorbents. Cation-exchange-resins loaded with various cations were tested, exhibiting an astounding CO 2 capacity of 6.2 mmol/g in a chelating CER, significantly higher than the capacities of most MSDAC sorbents reported thus far. In addition, CERs can circumvent the common problem of hetero-ion contamination in MSDAC when using anion-exchange-resins (AER) as sorbents, thereby reducing the stringent need for high water quality, simplifying the MSDAC process and facilitating large-scale applications.
... Activated carbon is a widely used physical adsorbent with low cost and good thermal stability. Under low CO2 partial pressure, the adsorption capacity and selectivity of activated carbon are lower than those of zeolite [51] ; under high CO2 partial pressure, activated carbon has strong adsorption capacity, is suitable for pressure swing adsorption, is easy to regenerate, and the adsorption process is reversible. Sethia and Sayari [52] prepared microporous activated carbon materials with a larger nitrogen content, specific surface area, and pore volume. ...
... (2) Combination with coupling agent: Coupling agent is a chemical substance that can be combined with both porous materials and amine-containing compounds. First, the coupling agent is grafted onto the surface of the porous material, and then the amine-containing compound is combined with it [51] . Belmabkhout et al. [64] used the gravimetric method to study the adsorption of CO2, N2 and other gases by triamine-grafted porous expanded mesoporous silica (TRIPE-MCM-41). ...
Direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 is a carbon-negative technology that is not limited by time and geography, and can contribute to the realization of the “dual-carbon” goal. This paper reviews the current development of direct air capture of CO2, focuses on four mainstream solid adsorption DAC technologies, namely, MOFs, solid amine materials, alkali metal-based adsorbents, and moisture-altering materials, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy consumption, cyclic stability, and adsorption capacity; in addition, the paper analyzes the engineering applications of solid adsorbent materials and demonstrates the potential of these technologies in practical applications; finally, it summarizes the challenges faced by the existing DAC adsorbent materials and puts forward the future development direction.
