Figure 4 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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(a) Leaf blight symptoms on maize leaves caused by Fusarium species in the field; (b-o) Typical symptoms observed in greenhouse on maize leaves after inoculation with: (b) F. ipomoeae; (c) F. compactum; (d) F. flagelliforme; (e) F. asiaticum; (f) F. armeniacum; (g) F. citri; (h) F. sporotrichioides; (i) Fusarium sp.; (j) F. glycines; (k) F. graminearum; (l) F. annulatum; (m) F. temperatum; (n) F. verticillioides; (o) F. acuminatum.
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Fusarium spp. are among the most important plant pathogens in the world. A survey on maize leaf blight was carried out in Heilongjiang province from 2019 to 2021. Based on morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic analysis on translation elongation factor (tef1) and second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) genes, 146 Fusarium isola...
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Context 1
... weeks after inoculation, the pathogenicity test revealed that all the Fusarium species could cause similar maize leaf blight symptoms (Figure 4). Small oval to fusiform or long striped spots initially appeared on the maize leaves three days post-inoculation, in which the lesions' centers were gray to reddish brown and surrounded by a chlorotic area. ...
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Introduction
Fusarioid fungi that cause damping-off and root diseases can result in significant losses to conifer crops produced in forest nurseries across the USA. These nurseries are vital to reforestation and forest restoration efforts. Understanding the diversity of Fusarioid fungi associated with damping-off and root diseases of conifer seedli...
Citations
... Group 2 clustered three isolates of F. graminearum, two isolates of F. sporotrichioides, five isolates of F. cerealis and three isolates of F. culmorum into FSSC [9,70]. Group 3 comprised 17 isolates of F. equiseti, eight isolates of F. incarnatum and one of F. longipes, forming FIESC, with a strong bootstrap value (BV) of 91 [9,71]. Group 4 and Group 6 included 42 isolates of F. oxysporum, along with three F. verticillioides isolates and two F. oxysporum reference sequences, all known to be associated with FOSC [9,72]. ...
Fusarium spp. are commonly associated with the root rot complex of soybean (Glycine max). Previous surveys identified six common Fusarium species from Manitoba, including F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. graminearum, F. solani, F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum. This study aimed to determine their pathogenicity, assess host resistance and evaluate the genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. isolated from Canada. Pathogenicity was tested on two cultivars, ‘Akras’ (moderate resistance) and ‘B150Y1’ (susceptible), under greenhouse conditions. The virulence of the fungal isolates varied, with root rot severities ranging from 1.5 to 3.3 on a 0-4 scale. The six species were used to screen a panel of 20 Canadian soybean cultivars for resistance in a greenhouse. Cluster and principal component analyses were conducted based on the same traits as for the pathogenicity study. Two of the cultivars, ‘P15T46R2’ and ‘B150Y1’, were consistently found to be tolerant to F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. graminearum and F. solani. To investigate the incidence and prevalence of Fusarium spp. in Canada, fungi were isolated from 106 soybean fields surveyed across Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario and Quebec. Two-hundred twenty-one Fusarium isolates were identified, with phylogenetic analyses indicating diversity of the isolates in the major soybean production regions of Canada.
... In the case of our study, the TEF1 and RPB2 sequences proved to be sufficient for the unambiguous assignment of the nineteen isolates to four Fusarium species. Many recent studies have used the same two regions for Fusarium species identification [7,8,[38][39][40][41][42][43]. Our research has confirmed that sequencing is essential for distinguishing Fusarium species. ...
Fungi belonging to the Fusarium genus are commonly isolated from soybean plants and seeds but not all of them are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to compare the pathogenicity among different Fusarium isolates obtained from soybean plants with disease symptoms originating from an experimental field located in the southeast of Poland. Nineteen fungal isolates were selected for the pathogenicity assay, including eight isolates of F. oxysporum, six isolates of F. graminearum, four isolates of F. culmorum and one isolate of F. redolens. Species identification of these isolates was carried out using microscopic methods and sequencing of two genes: translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. redolens being isolated from soybean in Europe. The pathogenicity test was set up by fungal inoculation of healthy soybean seeds of three cultivars: Abelina, Atlanta and Mavka. Symptoms were assessed seven days after inoculation. Disease area percentage of Fusarium inoculated seeds was significantly higher compared to uninoculated control. Nineteen isolates differed in their aggressiveness as the median disease area percentage ranged between 5.0 and 88.0% depending on isolate. The obtained isolates of four Fusarium species may be used in the future screening of soybean cultivars for resistance to these pathogens.
... In this study, two isolates of F. compactum (SDBR-CMU461 and SDBR-CMU462) and two isolates of F. paranaense (SDBR-CMU463 and SDBR-CMU464) were isolated from fruit rot lesions on watermelons from northern Thailand. These four fungal isolates were identified using a combination of their morphological features and phylogenetic analysis of multiple genes, according to the identification techniques used in previous studies [35][36][37][38]50,55,56]. Prior to this study, F. compactum and F. paranaense had previously been identified as plant pathogens; for example, F. compactum was found to be the cause of leaf spot on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) [69] and leaf blight on maize (Zea mays L.) [70] in China, root rot of banana (Musa sp.) in Greece [71], and canker of Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) trees in Israel [72]. In Brazil, F. paranaense caused root rot in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] [50]. ...
Fruit rot caused by phytopathogenic fungi is one of the major diseases affecting watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) around the world, which can result in unmarketable fruits and significant economic losses. Fruit rot was observed on watermelons throughout the postharvest storage periods in Phayao Province, northern Thailand in 2022. For the present study, a total of ten fungal isolates were isolated from the rot lesions of watermelons. All obtained fungal isolates were then characterized in terms of their pathogenicity. The results indicated that only four fungal isolates caused rot disease with similar symptoms during the postharvest storage period. Based on their morphological characteristics, these four fungal isolates were identified as belonging to the genus Fusarium. Using multi-gene phylogenetic analyses with a combination of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1), calmodulin (cam), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, the fungal isolates were subsequently identified as Fusarium compactum and F. paranaense. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that F. compactum and F. paranaense cause fruit rot disease in watermelons. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report F. compactum and F. paranaense as novel pathogens of watermelon fruit rot both in Thailand and elsewhere in the world.
Currently, researchers are looking for ways to replace synthetic pesticides with substances of natural origin. Essential oils are produced by plants, among other things, to protect against pathogens, which is why there is interest in their use as fungicides. This experiment assessed the composition of essential oils from a commercial source, their impact on the development of mycelium of pathogens of the Fusarium genus, and the possibility of using them as a pre-sowing treatment. Grains of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were inoculated with a suspension of mycelium and spores of fungi of the Fusarium genus and then soaked in solutions containing oils of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). The obtained results indicate that thyme essential oil had the strongest effect on limiting the development of Fusarium pathogens and seedling infection, but at the same time it had an adverse effect on the level of germination and seedling development of the tested plants. The remaining essential oils influenced the mentioned parameters to varying degrees. Selected essential oils can be an alternative to synthetic fungicides, but they must be selected appropriately.
China is the largest strawberry producer and exporter worldwide and has been constantly challenged by fruit rot disease in recent years. Symptoms of various diseases on strawberry fruit were observed in Huangqiyuan Base, an important producing region in Shandong province, and symptomatic samples were collected from January to April 2021 for follow-up studies. In the present study, 137 isolates were obtained and classified into nine species based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, GAPDH, HIS3, RPB2, EF-1α, HSP60, G3PDH, or/and TUB2), including Botrytis cinerea, B. fabiopsis, Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. ipomoeae, F. incarnatum, and Colletotrichum siamense. Pathogenicity results suggested that all nine pathogenic species could induce fruit to exhibit symptoms similar to those naturally infected in fields. The symptoms around the inoculation points were various, including densely white mycelia caused by Botrytis species, fading and depression caused by Fusarium, black-brown rot caused by Alternaria, as well as shrinkage and dehydration caused by Colletotrichum. Overall, B. cinerea was the dominant pathogen, accounting for 61.3% of the total isolates, and showed significantly higher virulence against strawberry fruit than other species. In addition, this is the first report to identify B. fabiopsis, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. ipomoeae, and F. incarnatum as causal agents of strawberry fruit rot in Shandong province, China.
