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a) Illustration of Crotalaria spectabilis; b) distribution of C. spectabilis; c) illustration of C. sagittalis; d) distribution of C. sagittalis.
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The primary objectives of this project were to determine which species of Crotalaria (Fabaceae) occur in Alabama and the county distribution of each species. Crotalaria, known commonly as rattlebox, is recognized as consisting of seven species in Alabama. The most common species are Crotalaria sagittalis, C. rotundifolia, and C. spectabilis. The le...
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... The crotalaria genus, also commonly acquainted as rattlebox, is a genus of flowering plants under the Fabaceae family (legume), consisting of more than 700 species of various shrubs and herbaceous plants [13]. Although several species of crotalaria are poisonous (especially roots and seeds), various species of crotalaria are consumed as food in different parts of the world. ...
Crotalaria calycina Schrank is a local Bangladeshi plant well-accepted by the tribal population for its medicinal properties. The primary approach of our study was to uncover the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of methanol extract of C. calycina stem in mice model with in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach. Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified from the extract through high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. Writhing assay through injection of acetic acid, licking assay through formalin injection, and finally, hot plate assay was employed to observe the analgesic activity. The carrageenan-induced paw edema model was employed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of the extract. In silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics were also run to validate the in vivo study results. Eight polyphenolic compounds from the extract were identified and quantified via HPLC-DAD analysis, and (-) epicatechin was most abundantly distributed (87.15 ± 0.24 mg/100 g dry extract). In vivo study revealed that 400 mg/kg dose significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) the writhing response in the writhing assay and demonstrated the highest percent of inhibition of licking (70.67%) in the late part of the licking test. The same extract dose produced the highest (74.71%) percent of maximal effect (% MPE) in the hot plate assay. It demonstrated the highest percent of edema inhibition (68.00%) in the fourth hour of the paw edema assay. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of (-) epicatechin, caffeic acid, and kaempferol with cyclooxygenase-2 revealed that they have similar interactions to the standard inhibitor celecoxib. These valuable bioactive compounds may induce significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in MECCS. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that C. calycina stem can be a prospect in the medicinal field due to its remarkable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.
... During a survey of medicinal plants in Mandya district of Karnataka state, the second author collected an interesting specimen of Crotalaria (only two individuals were found) with trifoliate, linear-lanceolate leaflets. Careful examination with the relevant literature (Baker, 1871;Drummond, 1972;Pope et al., 2003;Ansari, 2008;Li et al., 2010;Leverett & Woods, 2012;Garcia et al., 2013;Tiwari & Ansari, 2014;Flores & Tozzi, 2018) and comparison with type specimens, it was identified as Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey. and is reported here as a new record to India. ...
... In Thailand, there are at least three species are being called 'Rang Chuet', one of these is Crotalaria spectabilis. There are several documentations reported that seeds and leaves of C. spectabilis contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids which causes Hepatotoxicity in humans and mammals [6][7][8][9][10]. Due to the fact that, Rang Chuet was immensely sold in Thailand local markets and used as household remedy in form of processed products. ...
Nowadays, medicinal plants are used as a popular alternative to synthetic drugs. Many medicinal plant products have now been commercialized throughout various markets. These products are commonly sold in processed or modified forms such as powders, dried material and capsules, making it almost impossible to accurately identify the constituent species. The herbal plant known as ‘Rang Chuet’ in Thai has been widely used as remedies for various ailments. However, two medicinal plants species, Thunbergia laurifolia and Crotalaria spectabilis share this name. Duo to the similarity in nomenclature, the commercial products labeled as ‘Rang Chuet’ could be any of them. Recently, the evidence of hepatotoxic effects linked to use of C. spectabilis were reported and is now seriously concern. There is a need to find an approach that could help with species identification of these herbal products to ensure the safety and efficacy of the herbal drug.
Here DNA barcoding was used in combination with High Resolution Melting analysis (Bar-HRM) to authenticate T. laurifolia species. Four DNA barcodes including matK, rbcL, rpoC and trnL were selected for use in primers design for HRM analysis to produce standard melting profiles of the selected species. Commercial products labeled as ‘Rang Chuet’ were purchased from Thai markets and authentication by HRM analyses.
Melting data from the HRM assay using the designed primers showed that the two ‘Rang Chuet’ species could easily be distinguished from each other. The melting profiles of the all four region amplicons of each species are clearly separated in all three replicates. The method was then applied to authenticate products in powdered form. HRM curves of all ten test samples indicated that three of the tested products did not only contain the T. laurifolia species.
The herbal drugs derived from different plants must be distinguished from each other even they share the same vernacular name. The Bar-HRM method developed here proved useful in the identification and authentication of herbal species in processed samples. In the future, species authentication through Bar-HRM could be used to promote consumer trust, as well as raising the quality of herbal products.
Slender leaf (Crotalaria spp) is among the indigenous and underutilized vegetables in Kenya whose production is limited to the Western and Coastal regions of the country. For a long time, this crop has been neglected in terms of research and genetic improvement. There is therefore scanty information on its morphological diversity and agronomic performance, hence the need for this study. Field experiments were carried out for two seasons in October to December 2018 and March to May 2019. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with 29 accessions and replicated three times. Both qualitative and quantitative data were recorded from the accessions based on the Crotalaria descriptors. Quantitative data were subjected to analysis of variance using XLSTAT Version 2019, and accession means were separated using Student’s Newman Keuls test at 95% level of confidence. Both qualitative and quantitative data were subjected to multivariate cluster analysis, and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average. The principal component analysis was conducted to obtain information on the importance of the characters. Significant variation in agro-morphological traits was found within and between the two species. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into seven major classes with a between-classes diversity of 75.13% and a within-classes diversity of 24.87%. This study sets the basis for genetic improvement of slender leaf in Kenya since the observed diversity can be exploited in selection for intraspecific and interspecific hybridization.
