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(a) Harmonic response of three-beam configuration vibration sensors and (b) effect of input mechanical frequency on triboelectric performance of a three-beam configuration vibration sensor Inset in (b) shows the three beams vibrating component.
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Here, we report a vibration sensor based on a single-electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The main objective of this study is to develop a vibration sensor (architecture) that can be employed in any application with minor design changes to meet individual objectives. Hence, a cantilever-based vibration system is selected, which offers...
Citations
... Wang and colleagues proposed the Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) based on triboelectrification and electrostatic induction in 2012 [15], and it has been utilized extensively in the fields of sensors [16][17][18] and energy collection [19,20], such as marine energy harvesting [21,22], wind energy harvesting [23,24], body kinetic energy [25], water wave energy [26,27], and so on. The energy harvested by triboelectric nanogenerators has been widely used in pressure sensors [28,29], angle sensors [30,31], health monitoring [32], motion detection [33,34], vibration sensors [35][36][37], etc. In addition, some scholars have also extended TENG to the field of downhole sensors and realized the monitoring of drilling tools' rotational speed [38], vibration [39,40], and some other parameters. ...
Downhole drilling tool vibration measurement is crucial for drilling exploration safety, so real-time monitoring of vibration data is required. In this research, a honeycomb triboelectric nanogenerator (H-TENG) capable of adapting to various downhole environments is proposed. It can measure the frequency of downhole drilling equipment’s vibrations and transfer mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in powering other low power downhole meters. In order to preliminarily verify the possibility of sensors used for vibration measurement of downhole drilling tools, we built a simulated vibration platform to test the sensing performance and vibration energy collection performance of H-TENG. According to the testing results, the measurement range of vibration frequency and amplitude are 0 to 11 Hz and 5 to 25 mm, respectively, and the corresponding measurement errors are less than 5% and 6%, respectively. For vibrational energy harvesting, when four sensors are wired in series with a 107 resistance, the maximum power is approximately 1.57 μW. Compared to typical methods for measuring downhole vibration, the honeycomb triboelectric nanogenerator does not need an external power source, it has greater reliability and output power, and it can vary its shape to adapt to the complicated downhole environment. In addition, the H-TENG can be combined freely according to the diameter of the drill string, and even if one sensor unit is damaged, the other units can still be used normally.
... [65] In addition, the positive triboelectric materials can be polymers or natural materials such as fur, [66] leaves, [67] rose petals, [68] tea, [69] sugar [70] and wheat straw, [71] etc. Currently, commonly used negative triboelectric materials include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), [18,[51][52][53]56,58,59,61,64,72] polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), [73][74][75][76][77] Kapton (PI), [52,54,55,[78][79][80] polyethylene terephthalate (PET), [20,81] polyvinyl chloride (PVC), [82] fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), [60,62,[83][84][85][86][87] polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), [65] and silicone, [4,88,89] etc. In order to improve their output performance, there are many manufacturing methods for triboelectric materials. ...
... Under the external excitation, the cantilever beam undergoes upward and downward displacement deformation, which deforms the piezoelectric element on the cantilever and thus form piezoelectric generator. The device based on the cantilever beam structure can also be applied in the field of triboelectric nanogenerators, [115] which have been used to harvest the vibration energy such as vacuum pump, [84] and transformer. [116] Yang et al. [76] proposed a triplecantilever based triboelectric nanogenerator. ...
... In addition, the cantilever structure is not limited to the traditional single cantilever support structure. For example, Prutvi et al. [84] designed a cantilever system with a single-electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerator. As shown in Figure 6g, the device is round with a movable mass in the center, connecting multiple cantilever beams. ...
Mechanical equipment is ubiquitous in industrial production, and the vibration energy generated by its operation usually cannot be effectively harvested, resulting in huge energy waste. Meanwhile, real‐time monitoring of machine operation can be achieved by collecting vibration information. Indeed, vibration energy harvesting and vibration monitoring are of great significance for the development of green energy and machine fault diagnosis. As an emerging power generation technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has shown extraordinary potential in the field of vibration energy harvesting and vibration monitoring. First, the theoretical basis, working modes, and triboelectric materials are described. Then, TENG devices for vibration energy harvesting are classified and introduced based on the structural characteristics, and the main advantages and disadvantages are compared. Furthermore, the current research progress of a self‐powered vibration monitoring system based on TENG is introduced. Finally, the shortcomings of triboelectric nanogenerators in this field are analyzed and summarized, and future research directions and application scenarios are prospected.
... When the mass at the center of gravity is relatively light, the output performance is very low under the excitation of mechanical equipment, 25,26 and adjusting the parameters of the elastic picking-up vibration structures can improve the response sensitivity under the weak excitation condition. 27,28 However, these devices are sensitive to vibration in only a single direction and are generally used to harvest the vertical vibration energy. Moreover, the fabrication processes of the elastic materials are relatively complicated, which hinder largescale commercial use. ...
... The overuse of fossil fuels has caused serious environmental pollution, and the harvesting of clean energy sources from the surrounding environment has received widespread attention. 1 Widely distributed machines such as engines, 2 air compressors, 3 vacuum pumps, 4 transformers, 5 and electric sewing machines 6 generally vibrate violently during the working condition. Effectively harvesting vibration energy can not only power various electronic products but also monitor the running condition of the machine in real time. ...
Harvesting the vibration energy commonly found in engines, air compressors, and other machines is of great significance for energy recovery and reutilization. However, due to the small vibration amplitude and non-single vibration directions, the conventional vibration energy harvesters based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have a low efficiency. In this work, we proposed a TENG with a rotational freestanding mode (RFM-TENG), which can effectively harvest the mechanical vibration energy with a small amplitude, high frequency, and multiple directions. The working principle and performance characteristics of each TENG unit were demonstrated through theoretical analysis and electrical simulations. To further improve the harvest efficiency, we prepared a room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) film doped with high dielectric constant halloysite nanotubes powder as the triboelectric layer, which increased the open-circuit voltage by 100% and the short-circuit current by 85% at an optimal doping ratio of 7 wt %. When the RFM-TENG was installed on an air compressor, it generated an open-circuit voltage of about 60 V and a maximum output power of 45 μW and allowed 30 commercial LEDs to light up simultaneously. RFM-TENG has the advantages of strong nonlinearity, high sensitivity, and multi-directional response and has potential applications in the field of smart factory and digital twin.
... Reproduced with permission. [122] Copyright 2022, IOP Publishing. i) General illustration of MPNG. ...
... The circular brass mass taking the role of a freestanding layer is fastened to some strip-type Al beams, which is depicted in Figure 9e. [122] In Figure 9f, ZnO film bonded to brass mass will contact upper and lower ZnO film successively under mechanical vibration, generating electricity with an effective reply to vibration frequency from 0 to 400 Hz. The maximum output power falls continuously as the number of beams increases. ...
With the development of autonomous/smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT), tremendous wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) are of great importance to realize intelligent mechanical engineering, which is significant in the industrial and social fields. However, current power supply methods, cable and battery for instance, face challenges such as layout difficulties, high cost, short life, and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, vibration is ubiquitous in machinery, vehicles, structures, etc., but has been regarded as an unwanted by‐product and wasted in most cases. Therefore, it is crucial to harvest mechanical vibration energy to achieve in situ power supply for these WSNs. As a recent energy conversion technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is particularly good at harvesting such broadband, weak, and irregular mechanical energy, which provides a feasible scheme for the power supply of WSNs. In this review, recent achievements of mechanical vibration energy harvesting (VEH) related to mechanical engineering based on TENG are systematically reviewed from the perspective of contact–separation (C‐S) and freestanding modes. Finally, existing challenges and forthcoming development orientation of the VEH based on TENG are discussed in depth, which will be conducive to the future development of intelligent mechanical engineering in the era of IoT.
... During the preparation of the triboelectric layer, the Ag layer obtained after screen printing can be heated to get a uniformly wrinkled surface, which effectively improves the contact area [75]. Prutvi et al. [76] reported a self-powered vibration sensor based on an S-TENG, in which a ZnO film is prepared by screen printing as a positive triboelectric layer and an FEP film as a negative triboelectric layer. At resonance, the peak-to-peak voltage, I SC and power density generated by the S-TENG are 25 V, 10 µA and 1.38 W/m 2 . ...
In the era of the Internet of Things, various electronics play an important role in information interaction, in which the power supply is an urgent problem to be solved. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging mechanical energy harvesting technology that can serve as a power source for electronics, which is developing towards high performance, miniaturization and integration. Herein, the advanced micro-nano manufacturing technologies are systematically reviewed for TENGs. First, film preparation such as physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemical deposition, electrospinning and screen printing for triboelectric layers are introduced and discussed. Then, surface processing, such as soft lithography, laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma and nanoimprint for micro-nano structures on the surface of triboelectric layers are also introduced and discussed. In addition, micro-electromechanical system fabrication for TENG devices such as acoustic and vibration sensors, is introduced, and their current challenges are analyzed. Finally, the challenges of the advanced micro-nano manufacturing technologies for the TENGs are systematically summarized, and further development is prospected.
... These signals contain a large amount of dynamic information. Therefore, more and more researchers are conducting studies on self-powered sensing based on TENG in different fields, including wind speed [15][16][17], air flow [18,19], vibration [20,21], ocean wave [22,23], tactile [24,25], etc. ...
Exhaust gas flow takes a vital position in the assessment of ship exhaust emissions, and it is essential to develop a self-powered and robust exhaust gas flow sensor in such a harsh working environment. In this work, a bearing type triboelectric nanogenerator (B-TENG) for exhaust gas flow sensing is proposed. The rolling of the steel balls on PTFE film leads to an alternative current generated, which realizes self-powered gas flow sensing. The influence of ball materials and numbers is systematically studied, and the B-TENG with six steel balls is confirmed according to the test result. After design optimization, it is successfully applied to monitor the gas flow with the linear correlation coefficient higher than 0.998 and high output voltage from 25 to 106 V within the gas flow of 2.5–14 m/s. Further, the output voltage keeps stable at 70 V under particulate matter concentration of 50–120 mg/m3. And the output performance of the B-TENG after heating at 180 °C for 10 min is also surveyed. Moreover, the mean error of the gas flow velocity by the B-TENG and a commercial gas flow sensor is about 0.73%. The test result shows its robustness and promising perspective in exhaust gas flow sensing. Therefore, the present B-TENG has a great potential to apply for self-powered and robust exhaust gas flow monitoring towards Green Ship.
Sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained worldwide interest owing to their advantages of low cost and self‐powering. However, the detection of most triboelectric vibration sensors (TVS) is restricted to low frequency, whereas high‐frequency vibration signals are successfully measured in recent studies; their sensitivity still requires improvement. Hence, a highly sensitive vibration sensor based on TENG (HSVS‐TENG) with ultrawide frequency response is presented. This study is the first to introduce a quasi‐zero stiffness structure into the TENG to minimize the driving force by optimizing the magnetic induction intensity and the weight of the moving part. The results show that the HSVS‐TENG can measure vibrations with frequencies ranging from 2.5 to 4000 Hz, with a sensitivity ranging from 0.32 to 134.9 V g⁻¹. Moreover, the sensor exhibits a good linear response versus the applied acceleration, and the linearity ranges from 0.08 to 2.81 V g⁻¹. The self‐powered sensor can monitor the running state and fault type of the key components with a recognition accuracy of 98.9% by leveraging machine‐learning algorithms. The results reach a new height for the ultrawide frequency response and high sensitivity of the TVS and provide an idea for a follow‐up high‐resolution TVS.
Typical simulation using finite element for designing triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) needs high computational resources. Equivalent circuit modeling as a less computationally intensive method has great potential for TENG simulation but it is only used for simple structures in the literature. In this work, taking parallel-cell triboelectric nanogenerator (PC-TENG) as an example, we establish an equivalent circuit representation for TENG with complex structures. The boundary effect and the parasitic capacitance, which are normally ignored in the existing simple circuit models in the literature, are considered in the equivalent circuit modeling by comparison with finite element simulation and experiment. With the validated equivalent circuit model of the PC-TENG, a parametric study demonstrates the influence of various critical parameters (separation angle α from 0° to 90°, excitation frequency from 1 Hz to 10 Hz, and excitation amplitude truncation percentage from 0 % to 100 %) on the electrical outputs of the PC-TENG, showing that PC-TENG can obtain the optimal outputs at α > 15°, 10 Hz and a truncation percentage of 50 %. The methodology based on the proposed circuit representation paves the way for holistic modeling, evaluation and optimization for complex TENG design.
