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(a) Geometric parameters of the CSRR antenna structure: substrate width W = 20.6 mm, substrate length L = 24.25 mm, ground width w g = 8.5 mm, ground length l g = 10 mm, line feed width w m = 3 mm, w s = 0.3 mm, h = 2.5 mm, patch length A = 8.75 mm, B = 8.1 mm, C = 4.7 mm, aperture width w = 0.7 mm, closure width g = 0.3 mm, t = 0.3 mm. (b) Basic monopole antenna radiation element. (c) Open complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR) version of (a).
Source publication
In this paper, a new electrically small metamaterial-inspired monopole antenna is presented. It consists of a simple square-shaped coplanar waveguide (CPW-fed) monopole with an embedded complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). It operates at three distinct frequency ranges around 2.45, 4.2, and 5.8 GHz, with low return loss and uniform radiation...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... uniplanar antenna structure considered in this work is depicted in Figure 1(a), and it is designed on a low-cost 1.6 mm thick FR-4 dielectric substrate with relative permittivity r = 4.4, loss tangent tan δ = 0.02 and a 30 µm thick copper cladding. The CSRR element is hosted in a square patch monopole element shown in Figure 1(b), with proper size to accommodate the embedded CSRR. ...
Context 2
... uniplanar antenna structure considered in this work is depicted in Figure 1(a), and it is designed on a low-cost 1.6 mm thick FR-4 dielectric substrate with relative permittivity r = 4.4, loss tangent tan δ = 0.02 and a 30 µm thick copper cladding. The CSRR element is hosted in a square patch monopole element shown in Figure 1(b), with proper size to accommodate the embedded CSRR. To achieve uniplanarity and compactness the antenna feed is a 50 Ω impedance CPW line. ...
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... means that the CSRR dimensions must be increased to achieve the same resonance frequency as a corresponding SRR. The final dimensions of the overall antenna system are denoted in the caption of Figure 1(a). The corresponding size of the CSRR element is 8.75 mm × 8.75 mm (merely λ/14 × λ/14) and the overall antenna size, including the substrate, is 20.6 mm × 24.25 mm (λ/6 × λ/5 at 2.45 GHz). ...
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... further investigate the role of the CSRR element in the antenna frequency characteristics, we implemented it in a way similar to [45], a minor modification of the original antenna with the closures of the CSRR being removed. This open complementary split ring (OCSRR) antenna is shown in Figure 1(c). As it can be seen in Figure 2(a), both the planar monopole and the OCSRR antennas do not exhibit any resonance at 2.45 GHz. ...
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... dimensions of the CLL resonator are the same as the unit cell in Figure 6(a). To achieve resonance in the vicinity of 2.45 GHz we slightly tuned the dimension B (from Figure 1(a)) of the CSRR antennas to 7.9 mm. All other dimensions remain the same except C that is now equal to 4.5 mm. ...
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... is approximately zero close to 2.45 GHz for the MIMO antenna with the CLL resonator and the thin strips, demonstrating full decoupling. Finally, a comparison of the simulated and measured results, for the different cases presented in this section, is shown in Figure 10(a) and Figure 10(c). For the case of the MIMO antenna with the CLL resonator and thin strips, a highly satisfactory value of −26 dB for the mutual coupling was measured at 2.457 GHz. Figure 11(a) also shows the H-plane far-field co-pol radiation pattern for the first resonance, for all different cases of the MIMO configuration. ...
Context 7
... is approximately zero close to 2.45 GHz for the MIMO antenna with the CLL resonator and the thin strips, demonstrating full decoupling. Finally, a comparison of the simulated and measured results, for the different cases presented in this section, is shown in Figure 10(a) and Figure 10(c). For the case of the MIMO antenna with the CLL resonator and thin strips, a highly satisfactory value of −26 dB for the mutual coupling was measured at 2.457 GHz. Figure 11(a) also shows the H-plane far-field co-pol radiation pattern for the first resonance, for all different cases of the MIMO configuration. ...
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... the case of the MIMO antenna with the CLL resonator and thin strips, a highly satisfactory value of −26 dB for the mutual coupling was measured at 2.457 GHz. Figure 11(a) also shows the H-plane far-field co-pol radiation pattern for the first resonance, for all different cases of the MIMO configuration. In all MIMO antenna cases, the omnidirectional radiation characteristics are largely retained, whereas some small variations can be clearly attributed to the presence of the second antenna. ...
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... all MIMO antenna cases, the omnidirectional radiation characteristics are largely retained, whereas some small variations can be clearly attributed to the presence of the second antenna. Moreover, the H-plane cross-pol far-field radiation pattern, shown in Figure 11(b), further highlights the importance of adding the ground strips, since sufficiently small values of cross-polarization can be only attained in this case, where the additional strips suppress parasitic, ground-induced cross polarization. ...
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... exact same procedure, as in the previous section, was followed for the MIMO antenna configuration of Figure 4(c). In the case of the antenna with CLL element inclusion, shown in Figure 12(a), the simulated versus the experimental results are shown Figure 12(c). In this case, the MIMO antenna exhibits a first resonance at 2.456 GHz with a reflection coefficient of −12.93 dB. ...
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... exact same procedure, as in the previous section, was followed for the MIMO antenna configuration of Figure 4(c). In the case of the antenna with CLL element inclusion, shown in Figure 12(a), the simulated versus the experimental results are shown Figure 12(c). In this case, the MIMO antenna exhibits a first resonance at 2.456 GHz with a reflection coefficient of −12.93 dB. ...
Context 12
... antenna at the resonance frequency exhibits a mutual coupling of −25.85 dB. Moreover, additional vertical thin strips were inserted in the antenna system of Figure 12(b), to suppress the flow of radiation between the ground conductors as in the previous case, with the direction of strips again being perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The simulated results for this particular case are shown in Figure 10(d). ...
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... additional vertical thin strips were inserted in the antenna system of Figure 12(b), to suppress the flow of radiation between the ground conductors as in the previous case, with the direction of strips again being perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The simulated results for this particular case are shown in Figure 10(d). In this case, the antenna exhibits a resonance at 2.448 GHz with a minimum reflection coefficient of −22.67 dB. ...
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... again, this particular case of the MIMO antenna with the CLL resonator and the thin strips, exhibits the lowest near-zero ρ e in the vicinity of 2.45 GHz, in comparison with the other cases. Finally, the H-plane co-pol far-field patterns for all the antennas in the second configuration at their resonance frequencies is depicted in Figure 11(c), indicating again that omnidirectional characteristics are preserved, with the occurrence of some variations due to the presence of the second antenna. The cross-pol H-plane pattern of Figure 11(d), shows acceptable values of the cross-pol component in all cases, with an additional improvement being due to the presence of the ground strips in this case as well. ...
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... the H-plane co-pol far-field patterns for all the antennas in the second configuration at their resonance frequencies is depicted in Figure 11(c), indicating again that omnidirectional characteristics are preserved, with the occurrence of some variations due to the presence of the second antenna. The cross-pol H-plane pattern of Figure 11(d), shows acceptable values of the cross-pol component in all cases, with an additional improvement being due to the presence of the ground strips in this case as well. ...
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Citations
... [59] λ/6 × λ/10 98% 2.4% [19] λ/10 × λ/8 22.5% 1.04% [62] λ/14 × λ/14 79% 6.4% [55] λ/7 × λ/7 55% 1.55% electrically large antennas or antenna arrays with multiple radiating elements are common practices for achieving higher gain [3]. Furthermore, the relation between antenna directivity and size prohibits the usage of small antennas for several applications where high gain is required. ...
Metamaterials are artificial structures with the ability of exhibiting unusual and exotic electromagnetic properties such as the realisation of negative permittivity and permeability. Due to their unique characteristics, metamaterials have drawn broad interest and are considered to be a promising solution for improving the performance and overcoming the limitations of microwave components and especially antennas. This paper presents a detailed review of the most recent advancements associated with the design of metamaterial-based antennas. A brief introduction to the theory of metamaterials is provided in order to gain an insight into their working principle. Furthermore, the current state-of-the-art regarding antenna miniaturisation, gain and isolation enhancement with metamaterials is investigated. Emphasis is primarily placed on practical metamaterial antenna applications that outperform conventional methods and are anticipated to play an active role in future wireless communications. The paper also presents and discusses various design challenges that demand further research and development efforts.
The demand for dual-band Wi-Fi has increased in
recent years, as it allows for high-speed data transmission of up to
10 GB/s. A proposed MIMO antenna design incorporates an open
complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR) meta-material
structure. The OCSRR unit cell comprises two metallic terminals
that can be activated by voltage or current. In this design, two
OCSRRs are attached to rectangular slotted antenna patches,
which are symmetrical and positioned nearly orthogonally over
a 40 mm x 80 mm area in a MIMO configuration. The distance
between the two antenna edges, has been optimized to 3.2 mm.
This MIMO antenna design functions as a band-pass filter for
both the 2.4 GHz band, with a bandwidth of 498 MHz, and the
5.5 GHz band, with a bandwidth of 840 MHz. The maximum
return loss (S11) is -29 dB, while the mutual coupling (S12) is
-22.8 dB. This 2X1 MIMO antenna design is suitable for use
in small Wi-Fi routers operating at wireless frequencies ranging
from 5.15 to 5.5 GHz and 2.4 to 2.48 GHz
Three miniaturized meta-structures have been designed with a combination of triangular, circular and square-shaped split ring resonators with 2.4 × 2.4 mm2, 2 × 2 mm2 and 4 × 4 mm2, respectively. The new structures exhibit interesting characteristics similar to Double Negative (DNGs), Mu negative (MNGs) and Epsilon Negative (ENG) metamaterials and are rightly applicable to S-band, X band and Ku bands. The single negative (SNG) nature metamaterials’ structure is well suitable for wideband radar and navigation applications. 3 × 3 array of one of the meta-structures has been designed with the dimensions 10 mm × 10 mm, which also work at high frequency applications where high gain and high directivity are needed. MATLAB and High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software tool is used to simulate and analyze the proposed meta-structures and their properties, and the outcomes are compared with the related work.KeywordsMetamaterialMiniaturizationEpsilon negative material (ENG)Double negative material (DNG)Mu negative material (MNG)Wide bandArray structure
Split-ring resonators (SRRs) are fundamental elements of metamaterials, which exhibit attractive properties
and find various electromagnetic applications. In this paper, we consider the inclusion of SRRs for improving the performance of various antennas, with respect to their radiation patters, electrical size or wideband response. The provided results verify that incorporating SRRs in the radiator design provides an efficient
and cost-effective solution for upgrading the characteristics of standard antenna elements, without resorting to more complex or costly alternative solutions.
