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(a) Depositional environment of Montney Formation; (b) Montney conventional vs. unconventional plays.
Source publication
Unconventional oil and gas formations are abundant, have become an increasingly important part of the global energy supply, and are attracting increasing attention from the industry. Predicting key reservoir properties plays a significant role in both geological science and subsurface engineering workflows. With the advent of horizontal well drilli...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... conditions prevailed on the Pangea supercontinent. Windblown silt from the desert was transported and deposited into the Peace River Basin, and sediments were reworked by marine processes, including waves, currents, and gravity, as shown in Figure 3a. ...
Context 2
... Montney Sequence can be divided into two different development areas: the eastern part, where depositional system is dominated by shoreface deposits, treated as a conventional fairway; the western part, dominated by distal ones and treated as an unconventional fairway (Figure 3b). The unconventional Montney is part of a basin-centered hydrocarbon system, which has no free water, relatively low porosity, and low permeability compared to a conventional resource. ...
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Citations
The goal of hydraulic fracturing in nano-Darcy rock is to create an artificial reservoir, known as a stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), in the source rock. The SRV created in each stage varies in terms of pore-throat size, fracture dimension, and production contribution. Existing evaluation techniques for unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, such as rate transient analysis (RTA), chemical tracers, micro-seismic, and fiber optic cables, require long production data, are performed after the hydraulic fracturing job, require extended analysis time, or are expensive to implement (Thompson et al., 2017; Kumar & Sharma, 2018; Ashry et al., 2021; Barree et al., 2002).
Ibrahim et al. (2020,2021) proposed a technique that provides characterization of hydraulic fracture stages during the plug and perf treatment. This technique, coined here ‘While Fracturing Stage Evaluation’ (WFSE), can estimate several parameters, including permeability, fracture geometry, stimulated surface area, and cluster efficiency for each evaluated stage. The required data for WFSE are treatment time, bottomhole pressure, and hydraulic fluid injection rate. The proposed technique is based on falloff analysis, a well-known practice in well testing. However, in WFSE, the fall-off methodology is applied to characterize fracture attributes for individual stages rather than for the entire well (as in well testing). Additionally, this paper provides a new interpretation of instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP), in close agreement with WFSE results and provides valuable insight on the growth of the hydraulic fractures.
The new workflow proposed in our study was applied to a hydraulicly fractured well with 41 stages. The results matched the fracture half-length and Ac√k obtained from conventional RTA in 90% of the cases. The results from both techniques led to the identification of fracture geometry (complex or planar fracture), flow regime (spherical, radial, and linear), and fracture parameters (SRV, Ac√k, Xf), which provided an improved understanding of the fracture surface area. The prposd workflow can be used to optimize the design of stimulation, completion, and simulation modeling.
