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The biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles is performed with the traditionally used medicinal seed of Mucuna pruriens and the synthesis rate of a product is stabilized when the experimental conditions are well operated, to serve this purpose optimization techniques like response surface methodology has been followed. The technique is employed for a...
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Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa, India and Bangladesh and is widely cultivated in tropical countries. In this study, a crude methanolic extract of the leaves of M. pruriens was investigated for its chemical constituents and to explore the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities using...
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... The intensity of this color is measured using a microplate reader, and the absorbance of the color is recorded. It is important to note that the viability of the cells is directly proportional to the intensity of the color observed [81]. The cytotoxicity of the SeNPs, SA-SeNPs, and PET-SeNPs in vitro was assessed via the MTT assay, using C2C12 cells as an in vitro model or preliminary drug development. ...
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have recently garnered substantial attention in drug delivery due to their unique properties. The present study focused on synthesizing SeNPs, utilizing sodium selenite as a template and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. This was followed by sodium alginate-decorated selenium nanoparticles (SA-SeNPs) and pectin-decorated selenium nanoparticles (PET-SeNPs). These nanoparticles were subjected to UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for characterization. The UV–vis spectroscopy results indicate a peak absorption spectrum at 266 nm for SeNPs, SA-SeNPs, and PET-SeNPs. The FTIR spectrum of SeNPs, SA-SeNPs, and PET-SeNPs was recorded within the wavenumber range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of SeNPs and SA-SeNPs, while PET-SeNPs were amorphous. SEM analysis revealed spherical morphology for SeNPs, spherical fibrous cross-link for SA-SeNPs, and cubic rod-shaped morphology for PET-SeNPs. Raman’s spectroscopy identified characteristic vibrations of monoclinic selenium in SeNPs, SA-SeNPs, and PET-SeNPs. DLS analysis indicated an average particle size distribution ranging from 140 to 192 nm, with a zeta potential value signifying the nanoparticles’ excellent stability. The antioxidant properties of SeNPs, SA-SeNPs, and PET-SeNPs via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay indicated significantly higher scavenging activity for SA-SeNPs (72%) and PET-SeNPs (64%) compared to pure SeNPs (61%). Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments on the C2C12 cell line showed reductions in cell death at 10 µg/mL concentrations of 16.3%, 11.8%, and 6.7% for SeNPs, SA-SeNPs, and PET-SeNPs, respectively. These results underscore the potential applications of PET-SeNPs and SA-SeNPs in diverse biomedical domains, including their use as antioxidant agents, drug delivery systems, and therapeutic agents for cardiovascular issues.
... The variation in the effects observed between different cell lines could be cell-specific, depending on the available enzyme set in each line. Concerning the different activity of SeNPs obtained in A549 and MRC-5 cells, previously published data also confirmed higher toxicity of selenium-based nanoparticles to small lung adenocarcinoma [41]. Different selenium nanoparticles have also exhibited inhibitory effects against HepG2 cells [42,43]. ...
In this work, we synthesized a new composite material comprised of previously formulated resveratrol nanobelt-like particles (ResNPs) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), namely ResSeNPs. Characterization was provided by FESEM and optical microscopy, as well as by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, the last showing hydrogen bonds between ResNPs and SeNPs. DPPH, TBA, and FRAP assays showed excellent antioxidative abilities with ResNPs and SeNPs contributing mainly to lipid peroxidation inhibition and reducing/scavenging activity, respectively. The antibacterial effect against common medicinal implant colonizers pointed to notably higher activity against Staphylococcus isolates (minimal inhibitory concentrations 0.75–1.5%) compared to tested gram-negative species (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Antibiofilm activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa determined in a crystal violet assay was promising (up to 69%), but monitoring of selected biofilm-related gene expression (pelA and algD) indicated the necessity of the involvement of a larger number of genes in the analysis in order to further establish the underlying mechanism. Although biocompatibility screening showed some cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in MTT and alkaline comet assays, respectively, it is important to note that active antioxidative and antibacterial/antibiofilm concentrations were non-cytotoxic and non-genotoxic in normal MRC-5 cells. These results encourage further composite improvements and investigation in order to adapt it for specific biomedical purposes.
... Several anticancer mechanisms for SeNPs were proposed by many studies, including mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis induction by triggering the caspase or apoptotic proteins, disruption of cellular homeostasis, cell cycle arrest, ROS excessive production, DNA fragmentation, or a combination of these processes [13,54,107,131,132]. On the other hand, NCh can directly affect tumor cells through inducing apoptosis, reducing cell growth, or disrupting metabolism [133]. ...
Background As antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are no longer as efficient as they once were, multidrug resistant
(MDR) pathogens and cancer are presently considered as two of the most dangerous threats to human life. In this
study, Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4, nano‑chitosan (NCh), and their
nanoconjugate (Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate) were suggested to be efficacious antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
Results SeNPs biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4 and NCh were successfully achieved and conjugated.
The biosynthesized SeNPs were spherical with a mean diameter of 94.2 nm and high stability. Yet, Se/Ch‑nanocon‑
jugate was semispherical with a 74.9 nm mean diameter and much higher stability. The SeNPs, NCh, and Se/Ch‑
nanoconjugate showed significant antimicrobial activity against various microbial pathogens with strong inhibitory
effect on their tested metabolic key enzymes [phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH),
glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and nitrate reductase (NR)]; Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate was the most
powerful agent. Furthermore, SeNPs revealed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 (IC50 = 13.04 μg/ml) and moderate
toxicity against Caki‑1 (HTB‑46) tumor cell lines (IC50 = 21.35 μg/ml) but low cytotoxicity against WI‑38 normal cell line
(IC50 = 85.69 μg/ml). Nevertheless, Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate displayed substantial cytotoxicity against HepG2 and Caki‑1
(HTB‑46) with IC50 values of 11.82 and 7.83 μg/ml, respectively. Consequently, Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate may be more
easily absorbed by both tumor cell lines. However, it exhibited very low cytotoxicity on WI‑38 with IC50 of 153.3 μg/ml.
Therefore, Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate presented the most anticancer activity.
Conclusion The biosynthesized SeNPs and Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate are convincingly recommended to be used in bio‑
medical applications as versatile and potent antimicrobial and anticancer agents ensuring notable levels of biosafety,
environmental compatibility, and efficacy.
Keywords Streptomyces parvulus, Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles, Selenium/chitosan‑nanoconjugate,
Antimicrobial, Enzymes, Anticancer
... Similarly, the medicinal seed of the velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) was mixed with Na 2 SeO 3 to produce SeNPs. The SeNPs were tested in vitro toward A549 lung cancer cells showing tumor growth inhibition caused by ROS release that activated the Caspase enzymatic cascade related to apoptotic pathways [92]. ...
... The data are also in concordance with other published data around the use of biogenic SeNPs when exposed to cancerous cells. For instance, values of 41.5 µg/mL were obtained when bacterial-synthesized SeNPs were added to a MCF-7 cell line [51]; while a decrease in IC 50 was found when plant-synthesized SeNPs were exposed longer to A549 lung cancer cell lines, i.e., from 80 µg/mL at 24 h to 40 µg/mL after 48 h of exposure [52]. Similar trends were found for TeNPs, in which their exposure triggered lower toxicity in normal cells in comparison to cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo models [53]. ...
The production of nanoparticles for biomedical applications (namely with antimicrobial and anticancer properties) has been significantly hampered using traditional physicochemical approaches, which often produce nanostructures with poor biocompatibility properties requiring post-synthesis functionalization to implement features that such biomedical applications require. As an alternative, green nanotechnology and the synthesis of environmentally friendly nanomaterials have been gaining attention over the last few decades, using living organisms or biomolecules derived from them, as the main raw materials to produce cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and ready-to-be-used nanomaterials. In this article and building upon previous knowledge, we have designed and implemented the synthesis of selenium and tellurium nanoparticles using extracts from fresh jalapeño and habanero peppers. After characterization, in this study, the nanoparticles were tested for both their antimicrobial and anticancer features against isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and skin cancer cell lines, respectively. The nanosystems produced nanoparticles via a fast, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method showing different antimicrobial profiles between elements. While selenium nanoparticles lacked an antimicrobial effect at the concentrations tested, those made of tellurium produced a significant antibacterial effect even at the lowest concentration tested. These effects were correlated when the nanoparticles were tested for their cytocompatibility and anticancer properties. While selenium nanoparticles were biocompatible and had a dose-dependent anticancer effect, tellurium-based nanoparticles lacked such biocompatibility while exerting a powerful anti-cancer effect. Further, this study demonstrated a suitable mechanism of action for killing bacteria and cancer cells involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In summary, this study introduces a new green nanomedicine synthesis approach to create novel selenium and tellurium nanoparticles with attractive properties for numerous biomedical applications.
... The data are also in concordance with other published data around the use of biogenic SeNPs when exposed to cancerous cells. For instance, values of 41.5 µg/mL were obtained when bacterial-synthesized SeNPs were added to a MCF-7 cell line [51]; while a decrease in IC 50 was found when plant-synthesized SeNPs were exposed longer to A549 lung cancer cell lines, i.e., from 80 µg/mL at 24 h to 40 µg/mL after 48 h of exposure [52]. Similar trends were found for TeNPs, in which their exposure triggered lower toxicity in normal cells in comparison to cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo models [53]. ...
The production of nanoparticles for biomedical applications (namely with antimicrobial and
anticancer properties) has been significantly hampered using traditional physicochemical approaches,
which often produce nanostructures with poor biocompatibility properties requiring post-synthesis
functionalization to implement features that such biomedical applications require. As an alternative,
green nanotechnology and the synthesis of environmentally friendly nanomaterials have been gaining
attention over the last few decades, using living organisms or biomolecules derived from them,
as the main raw materials to produce cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and ready-to-beused
nanomaterials. In this article and building upon previous knowledge, we have designed and
implemented the synthesis of selenium and tellurium nanoparticles using extracts from fresh jalapeño
and habanero peppers. After characterization, in this study, the nanoparticles were tested for both
their antimicrobial and anticancer features against isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains
and skin cancer cell lines, respectively. The nanosystems produced nanoparticles via a fast, ecofriendly,
and cost-effective method showing different antimicrobial profiles between elements. While
selenium nanoparticles lacked an antimicrobial effect at the concentrations tested, those made of
tellurium produced a significant antibacterial effect even at the lowest concentration tested. These
effects were correlated when the nanoparticles were tested for their cytocompatibility and anticancer
properties. While selenium nanoparticles were biocompatible and had a dose-dependent anticancer
effect, tellurium-based nanoparticles lacked such biocompatibility while exerting a powerful anticancer
effect. Further, this study demonstrated a suitable mechanism of action for killing bacteria and
cancer cells involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In summary, this study introduces a
new green nanomedicine synthesis approach to create novel selenium and tellurium nanoparticles
with attractive properties for numerous biomedical applications.
... The biosynthesis of SeNPs using seed extract of Mucuna pruriens and its standardization was published in our previous study [24]. In brief, the seeds were double-washed with double-distilled water (Mili-Q), shade-dried for 5-6 days, and the dried seeds were crushed, weighed, and then added to 100 mL of Mili-Q. ...
The potentiality of nanomedicine in the cancer treatment being widely recognized in the
recent years. In the present investigation, the synergistic effects of chitosan-modified selenium
nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel (PTX-chit-SeNPs) were studied. These selenium nanoparticles
were tested for drug release analysis at a pH of 7.4 and 5.5, and further characterized using FTIR,
DLS, zeta potential, and TEM to confirm their morphology, and the encapsulation of the drug was
carried out using UPLC analysis. Quantitative evaluation of anti-cancer properties was performed
via MTT analysis, apoptosis, gene expression analysis, cell cycle arrest, and over-production of ROS.
The unique combination of phytochemicals from the seed extract, chitosan, paclitaxel, and selenium
nanoparticles can be effectively utilized to combat cancerous cells. The production of the nanosystem
has been demonstrated to be cost-effective and have unique characteristics, and can be utilized for
improving future diagnostic approaches.
... Nanoparticles are widely used nowadays in the biomedicine field because of their unique chemical and physical properties related to their nanometer size (Menon et al. 2017;Murray et al. 2000;Othman et al. 2021b). Many different metal nanoparticles are employed in drug delivery, fluorescent biological labels, and the detection of pathogens and proteins (Menon and Shanmugam 2020;Wang et al. 2002). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and antifungal effects (Fehaid et al. 2020). ...
The ongoing loss of human life owing to various forms of cancer necessitates the development of a more effective/honorable therapeutic approach. Moreover, finding a novel green-synthesized anti-cancer therapy is vital because of the induced drug resistance against the commonly used drugs. Collecting the advantage of the nanometer size of nanoparticles with the biosafety of plant-based substances might potentiate the anticancer effect with minimal toxic effect. In the current study, we aimed to green-synthesize using kaempferol (flavonoid) as a coating the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and investigated their anti-cancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. First of all, kaempferol-coated AgNPs characters were well-defined using Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zetasizer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed their 200 nm size, spherical shape, less aggregation with high stability characteristics. Then, the cytotoxic effect of both 1/3 and 1/2 LC50 of AgNPs, and doxorubicin (DOX, anticancer drug) on HepG2 cells was evaluated by dimethylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage percent. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic markers were also analyzed, along with the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells were recorded. Our findings showed that kaempferol-coated AgNPs could induce cytotoxic effects and reduce the viability of HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. LDH leakage % was significantly increased in cells treated with kaempferol-coated AgNPs confirming their cytotoxic effect. ROS generation and lipid peroxidation could significantly increase in HepG2 cells treated with kaempferol-coated AgNPs along with the exhaustion of antioxidant Glutathione (GSH) marker revealing the induced oxidative damage. Oxidative damage-mediated apoptosis was confirmed by the elevated levels of the pro-apoptotic markers (Bax, Cyt-c, P53, and caspase-3) and the reduced level of anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, kaempferol-coated AgNPs could suppress the migrating and invading ability of HepG2 cells showing their antimetastatic effect. To end up, kaempferol-coated AgNPs can induce a potential anti-cancer effect in HepG2 cells via oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis.
... However, Geoffrion et al. (2020) used green biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and it has antibacterial potential against antibiotic-resistant bacteria E. coli and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Also, Menon and Shanmugam (2019) detected that selenium nanoparticles are that produced by the seed of Mucuna pruriens gave NPs of nearly 100 -120 nm and had half inhibitory concentration (IC50)(60 µg/mL) for inhibition of the cell viability of bacteria at 48h. The green synthesis of SeNPs is cost-effective and environmental friendly that can be utilized in further biomedical applications. ...
Synergistic and single antimicrobial activities of green synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and
rosemary oil were investigated against predominant causes of respiratory diseases in cattle as Aspergillus fumigatus and
Klebsiella pneumoniae. The prevalence rates of A. fumigatus were 14.28%, 12%, and 32% in the nasal swab, drinking
water, and animal ration, respectively. While, Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from examined nasal swabs, water, and
rations at the rates of 17.4%, 0%, and 8%, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Se-NPs was 0.4
mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml against A. fumigatus and Kl. pneumoniae, respectively. On the other hand, the inhibitory concentration
of Rosemary against A. fumigatus and Kl. pneumoniae was 0.75 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. The synergistic
therapy of SeNPs dispersed with Rosemary oil reduced the MIC of SeNPs against A. fumigatus and Kl. pneumoniae was
0.1mg/ml and hence can be used as alternatives to their single forms in successful disease therapy. Moreover, these synergisms
are essential to overcome the microbial resistance against the traditional antibiotics and decrease the concentrations used
of nanoparticles to avoid their toxicity for animals.
... Biomedical applications might benefit from the development of large-scale nanoparticle manufacturing procedures and the shape of the generated SeNPs [141]. Biomimetic systems based on non-toxic and ecologically friendly biomimetic nanoparticles have become more popular [142]. Physicochemical processes are employed to synthesis selenium nanoparticles. ...
In recent decades, aquaculture and environment plays a noteworthy role in rewarding the massive stipulate in all industries. Environmental damage and disease domination are seen as essential issues in the region. In addition to these, nanotechnology as a fresh and imaginative instruments were extremely feasible in aquaculture and environmental applications. Next-generation biological applications of these nanomaterials might lead to an explosion in the bio industries. In order to utilizing the nanoparticles of biogenic expansion, selenium has plays major role in the biological progresses. Selenium (Se) is a multifunctional trace element. The present review analytically intends to the potential biological applications of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Synthesis of SeNPs physical, chemical and biological methods has been used. Physical and chemical methods of SeNPs have high cost, non ecofriendly, highly time consuming. Therefore, there is a growing concern to develop eco friendly and sustainable methods for biosynthesis. Biosynthesis method has ecofriendly, low cost, nontoxic and zero contamination. Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by plant extracts, bacteria, protein, biopolymers, seaweed extracts, fungi and yeasts have used for capping or stabilizing agents. Therefore this review represented original evidence for antibacterial, antifungal, antibiofilm, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimosquito larvicidal and aquaculture applications of prospective biogenic SeNPs were provided in turn in this regard of literatures. Bio synthesis of SeNPs and it is used for many applications like medical, environmental and aquaculture applications. In this review study, the importance of selenium nanoparticles as a competitive element for sustainable aquaculture and environmental applications is also examined in detail.
