Figure 1 - uploaded by Pedro Henrique Magalhães Cardoso
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(a) Chromis viridis, (b) Chromis vanderbilti, (c) Apolemichthus xanthopunctatus, (d) Pseudanthias squamipinis, (e) Pseudochromis fridmani and (f) Chaetodon semilarvatus with ulceration in the skin (arrow).
Source publication
Scuticociliatosis, caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema spp., parasitizing ten species of marine reef fish at an ornamental fish wholesaler: Blue green damselfish (Chromis viridis), Vanderbilt’s Chromis (Chromis vanderbilt...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... ornamental marine reef fish species C. viridis (n = 1), C. vanderbilti (n = 1), H. acuminatus (n = 1), A. trimaculatus (n = 1), A. xanthopunctatus (n = 1) P. squamipinnis (n = 1), P. fridmani (n = 1), Chaetodon auriga (n = 1), C. vagabundus (n=1), C. semilarvatus (n = 1), with skin ulcerations (Figure 1) were studied. The animals were collected from an ornamental fish wholesaler from São Paulo city, SP, Brazil, which reported a mortality rate of 20% in fish with similar lesions. ...
Context 2
... ornamental marine reef fish species C. viridis (n = 1), C. vanderbilti (n = 1), H. acuminatus (n = 1), A. trimaculatus (n = 1), A. xanthopunctatus (n = 1) P. squamipinnis (n = 1), P. fridmani (n = 1), Chaetodon auriga (n = 1), C. vagabundus (n=1), C. semilarvatus (n = 1), with skin ulcerations (Figure 1) were studied. The animals were collected from an ornamental fish wholesaler from São Paulo city, SP, Brazil, which reported a mortality rate of 20% in fish with similar lesions. ...
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Citations
... Biosecurity, internal and external barriers, disinfection and antisepsis of equipment and aquaria, quarantining of fish prior to entry into the system, among other prophylactics measures, must be taken in order to preserve the physiological conditions and health of the animals to avoid parasite proliferation. The lack of correct hygiene handling practices and failure of proper water treatment equipment installation, cause severe sanitary problems because of inefficient pathogen control (Cardoso et al., , 2020aRelvas et al., 2020). ...
This study aimed to search parasites in 333 ornamental fish from five Brazilian states (Ceará, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina). Fish were sent from eight farms located in the municipalities of Fortaleza, Patrocínio do Muriaé, São Francisco do Glória, Cascavel, Timbó, Iguape, Jacareí and Mairinque. All fish received anesthesia earlier to euthanasia procedures. After the search for parasites, it was verified that 70.6% (235/333) of fishes were infected by at least one type of parasite, being 12 types of parasites identified: monogeneans, digenean metacercariae, cestodes, nematodes, Lernaea cyprinacea, trichodinids, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, diplomonad flagellates, Ichthyobodo sp., Chilodonella sp., and Tetrahymena sp. The proportion of infected fishes among the farms is compared through statistical tests, besides, animal handling adopted in each farm is also discussed. The importance of ensuring fish health in order to make the ornamental freshwater fish industry economically viable and reduce losses in production is highlighted.
This study catalogued ocular pathology in fish histopathology submissions to a specialist diagnostic service and investigated associations with species and systemic disease, with a focus on species of conservation interest. Cross-tabulations and Fisher's exact tests were used to identify associations among the variables and results are reported as prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 12,488 reports reviewed, ocular histology examination was available for 4,572 submissions, in which histopathological ocular lesions were identified in 18% (813/4572). Most diagnoses (701/813; 87%) were in marine fish. Inflammatory conditions were most common (608/813; 75%), with identification of a bacterial aetiology in 42% (255/608) and a parasitic aetiology in 30% (183/608). Most bacterial infections were due to mycobacteriosis (153/255; 60%) and most parasitic infections were due to scuticociliatosis (114/184; 62%). The Syngnathidae, Centriscidae and Cichlidae families were each more likely than all other families combined to be diagnosed with ocular manifestations of mycobacteriosis (PRs = 2.6, 4.4 and 2.9, respectively, P <0.0001 for each). The Syngnathidae were also more likely to be diagnosed with ocular scuticociliatosis (PR = 1.9, P <0.0001). Fifty-four percent (39/72) of ocular mycobacteriosis and 38% (9/24) of gas bubble disease cases affected threatened or near threatened Syngnathidae species. The Apogonidae were more likely than any other family to have ocular iridovirus (PR = 10.3, 95% CI = 5.5–19.4, P <0.0001) and neoplasia (PR = 8.2, 95% CI = 4.2–16.3, P <0.0001). The endangered Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) accounted for 13/15 ocular iridovirus and 16/18 mycobacteriosis cases in this family. All cases of neoplasia in the Apogonidae occurred in pajama cardinalfish (Sphaeramia nematoptera). These results should inform clinical diagnosis of ocular disease in aquarium fish and influence training for aquarists, highlighting ocular pathology as a potential early warning of systemic disease. The findings also have direct/indirect consequences for the welfare and conservation of some of these popular flagship fish species.
