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a CV curves of the MoP/MoO2/CNT (sample b in Table 1), MoO3/CNT, and CNT samples measured in a three-electrode system using 6M KOH as the electrolyte. b CV curves of MoP/MoO2/CNT with varied scan rates. c GCD curves of MoP/MoO2/CNT at different current densities. d Nyquist plots of the low-frequency region of MoP/MoO2/CNT at open circuit potential. e Nyquist plots of the high-frequency region of MoP/MoO2/CNT at open circuit potential. f Cyclability of MoP/MoO2/CNT nanocomposites at 5 A g⁻¹
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We proposed the synthesis of MoP/MoO2/carbon nanotube (MoP/MoO2/CNT) through a simple and ultrafast microwave strategy. After phosphating, the conductivity and electrochemical activity of the nanocomposites were significantly increased, and charge storage was accelerated. The MoP/MoO2/CNT electrode was a novel supercapacitor electrode material with...
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Citations
... Fe or Fe alloy powders are usually phosphorized to form layers of iron phosphate wrapped on the particles' surfaces, increasing the surface resistivity and suppressing oxidation of the powders [9]. Phosphating treatment can also enhance the electrochemical activity of nanocomposites, and accelerate charge storage at the interfaces, thus strengthen the interface polarization [10,11]. ...
PANI@FePO4@FeSi composites were prepared by one-pot synthesis. The PANI@FePO4 coating layer can effectively enhance magnetic loss and dielectric losses, reduce the skin effect and improve impedance matching. The optimized reflection loss (RL) of the composites is −48 dB at 6.8 GHz with the absorption bandwidth (RL＜−10 dB) of 5.8 GHz (8.4−14.2 GHz).Density functional theory (DFT) and ANSYS High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) analysis results suggest that destruction of local microstructural symmetry leads to gathering and movement of electrons in interfaces. The density of state (DOS) of p orbital near the Fermi level decreases. The external electromagnetic field strengthens dipole oscillation and polarization loss. This work provides a new avenue for designing new microwave absorbers.
... The relatively slow ramp-up rate greatly limits the preparation of HEMs on a large scale. Microwave heating is an effective method for inducing thermal energy and has been used for the synthesis of organic [84] and high-quality carbon materials [85], as well as carbon-loaded nanomaterials [86,87]. This microwave heating method has several advantages: (1) fast heating and cooling rates; (2) high, achievable temperatures; and (3) applicability to carbon materials of various sizes. ...
... Conventional methods for synthesizing HEMs require high temperatures, at~1000 • C. The relatively slow ramp-up rate greatly limits the preparation of HEMs on a large scale. Microwave heating is an effective method for inducing thermal energy and has been used for the synthesis of organic [84] and high-quality carbon materials [85], as well as carbonloaded nanomaterials [86,87]. This microwave heating method has several advantages: (1) fast heating and cooling rates; (2) high, achievable temperatures; and (3) applicability to carbon materials of various sizes. ...
The emergence of various electronic devices and equipment such as electric vehicles and drones requires higher energy density energy storage devices. Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered the most promising new-generation energy storage system owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. However, the severe shuttle behaviors of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the slow redox kinetics lead to low sulfur utilization and poor cycling stability, which seriously hinder the commercial application of LSBs. Therefore, various catalytic materials have been employed to solve these troublesome problems. High entropy materials (HEMs), as advanced materials, can provide unique surface and electronic structures that expose plentiful catalytic active sites, which opens new ideas for the regulation of LiPS redox kinetics. Notwithstanding the many instructive reviews on LSBs, this work aims to offer a complete and shrewd summary of the current progress in HEM-based LSBs, including an in-depth interpretation of the design principles and mechanistic electrocatalysis functions, as well as pragmatic perspectives.
High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) materials, as promising nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their excellent performance in the field of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The four core effects of HEAs, including the high‐entropy effect, severe lattice distortion effect, sluggish diffusion effect, and cocktail effect, are pivotal in underpinning their remarkable mechanical and thermodynamic properties. Nevertheless, the intricate geometric and electronic structures of HEAs make their catalytic mechanisms exceptionally complex and challenging to decipher. In particular, a thorough analysis of the underlying factors responsible for the outstanding catalytic activity, selectivity, and the ability to maintain stable hydrogen production, even at high current densities, in HEAs is lacking. To provide a systematic exploration of the design and application of HEAs in HER systems, this review commences with an examination of the physicochemical properties of HEAs. It covers a wide range of topics, including the synthesis methods of HEAs, and the major reaction mechanisms of HERs, and presents innovative methods and approaches for designing HEAs specifically in the context of HERs.
In order to improve the specific capacity and energy density of the asymmetric supercapacitors, it is necessary to design positive and negative electrode materials with special structure and good electrochemical properties. Herein, a novel MoP2@Ni2P nanosheet material is prepared by one-step simple hydrothermal synthesis and low temperature phosphating method, which exhibits excellent specific capacity of 133.6 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹. In addition, a kelp based porous carbon nanosheet material (AKPC) is prepared via swollen the kelp in a sodium chloride solution and then subjected to an activation and carbonization. Because of its biomaterial unique morphology, the carbon material shows ultra-high specific surface area (1197 m² g⁻¹) and large pore volume, thus possess a high specific capacitance of 180 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹. Moreover, the above two materials are assembled into a unique asymmetric supercapacitor with operating voltage of 1.65 V, which has demonstrated a high energy density of 31.5 Wh kg⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability with 81 % capacitance retention after 1500 cycles in aqueous electrolyte. The successful preparation of the asymmetric device provides a new idea for the development of high performance electronic devices.
Energy and environmental issues have attracted increasing attention globally, where sustainability and low-carbon emissions are seriously considered and widely accepted by government officials. In response to this situation, the development of renewable energy and environmental technologies is urgently needed to complement the usage of traditional fossil fuels. While a big part of advancement in these technologies relies on materials innovations, new materials discovery is limited by sluggish conventional materials synthesis methods, greatly hindering the advancement of related technologies. To address this issue, this review introduces and comprehensively summarizes emerging ultrafast materials synthesis methods that could synthesize materials in times as short as nanoseconds, significantly improving research efficiency. We discuss the unique advantages of these methods, followed by how they benefit individual applications for renewable energy and the environment. We also highlight the scalability of ultrafast manufacturing towards their potential industrial utilization. Finally, we provide our perspectives on challenges and opportunities for the future development of ultrafast synthesis and manufacturing technologies. We anticipate that fertile opportunities exist not only for energy and the environment but also for many other applications.
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with cheap, simple, and fast preparation methods have attracted great interest from researchers as outstanding representatives of third-generation solar cells. To improve the applicability of dye-sensitized solar cells, the development of materials with high efficiency and low production cost is the top priority. In this work, the MoO2/MoP heterostructure was obtained by a hydrothermal method combined with phosphate annealing, and their electrochemical properties were further investigated. Compared with MoO2, the heterogeneous MoO2/MoP possessed superior electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. The DSSC fabricated with MoO2/MoP achieved an excellent conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.64%, which was better than that of MoO2 (7.63%), and platinum (7.68%). The results verified that the novel structural engineering and good synergy between MoO2 and MoP make it have excellent electrocatalytic behavior. Meanwhile, in the MoO2/MoP heterostructure, a large number of nanosheets are distributed on the porous MoO2. The porous structure enhances the ion penetration, and the abundant nanosheets expand the contact surface with the electrolyte, providing a substantial active reaction surface and sufficient catalytically active sites for the catalytic reduction of I3⁻. Therefore, the MoO2/MoP nanocomposites with high efficiency, simple preparation, and low cost provide a possibility for the study of electrode materials.
