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a CE of the two-step LMS method using S. aureus at the concentrations ranging from 3 × 10⁰ CFU·mL⁻¹ to 3 × 10⁵ CFU·mL⁻¹; b CE of the two-step LMS method for 7 different bacteria (10⁴ CFU·mL⁻¹); c Assessment of resistance to bacterial interference. Mixture 1: E. coli O157:H7 + S. aureus; Mixture 2: L. monocytogenes + S. aureus; Mixture 3: S. Enteritidis + S. aureus; Mixture 4: B. cereus + S. aureus; Mixture 5: E. coli O157:H7 + L. monocytogenes + S. aureus; Mixture 6: E. coli O157:H7 + L. monocytogenes + S. Enteritidis + S. aureus; Mixture 7: E. coli O157:H7 + L. monocytogenes + S. Enteritidis+ B. cereus + S. aureus; Mixture 8: E. coli O157:H7 + L. monocytogenes + S. Enteritidis+ B. cereus + C. sakazakii + S. aureus. The concentrations of bacteria used in this experiment were 10⁴ CFU·mL⁻¹. Error bars represent the SD of 3 replicates
Source publication
A lectin magnetic separation (LMS) method for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was developed with the aim to improve the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles and to expand the scope of bacterial recognition. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-mediated magnetic nanoparticles modified with streptavidin (MNP-PEG-SA) were synthesized and then applied to a tw...
Citations
... During cell separation, MNPs are bound to specific biorecognition molecules such as antigens, glycoproteins, and specific structural components on the cell surface by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) [110][111][112], nucleic acid probes, antibiotics, phages [113], and lectins [114,115]. Subsequently, the MNP-labeled cells are separated from the mixtures through the application of a magnetic field, leading to the enrichment and puri- ...
... During cell separation, MNPs are bound to specific biorecognition molecules such as antigens, glycoproteins, and specific structural components on the cell surface by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) [110][111][112], nucleic acid probes, antibiotics, phages [113], and lectins [114,115]. Subsequently, the MNP-labeled cells are separated from the mixtures through the application of a magnetic field, leading to the enrichment and purification of the target cells. Current MNP cell sorting techniques primarily consist of positive and negative sorting methods. ...
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have found extensive application in the biomedical domain due to their enhanced biocompatibility, minimal toxicity, and strong magnetic responsiveness. MNPs exhibit great potential as nanomaterials in various biomedical applications, including disease detection and cancer therapy. Typically, MNPs consist of a magnetic core surrounded by surface modification coatings, such as inorganic materials, organic molecules, and polymers, forming a nucleoshell structure that mitigates nanoparticle agglomeration and enhances targeting capabilities. Consequently, MNPs exhibit magnetic responsiveness in vivo for transportation and therapeutic effects, such as enhancing medical imaging resolution and localized heating at the site of injury. MNPs are utilized for specimen purification through targeted binding and magnetic separation in vitro, thereby optimizing efficiency and expediting the process. This review delves into the distinctive functional characteristics of MNPs as well as the diverse bioactive molecules employed in their surface coatings and their corresponding functionalities. Additionally, the advancement of MNPs in various applications is outlined. Additionally, we discuss the advancements of magnetic nanoparticles in medical imaging, disease treatment, and in vitro assays, and we anticipate the future development prospects and obstacles in this field. The objective is to furnish readers with a thorough comprehension of the recent practical utilization of MNPs in biomedical disciplines.
... The specificity of this lectin-affinity-based strategy is a key concern because WGA has the function of broad-spectrum recognition for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [19,38,39]. Hence, experiments were designed to prove that the increase in the colorimetric signal was due to the specific S. aureus and not related to other bacteria. ...
A novel colorimetric platform was designed for the determination of S. aureus by utilizing a dual-recognition strategy, where wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-functionalized magnetic beads were served as separation elements to capture and enrich S. aureus efficiently from the matrix. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled chicken anti-protein A IgY (HRP-IgY) was used to label the captured S. aureus. A chicken IgY was introduced as a signal tracer to bind with staphylococcal protein A (SPA) on the surface of S. aureus, which can circumvent the interference from protein G-producing Streptococcus. Subsequently, the colorimetric signal was achieved by an HRP-catalyzed reaction, which was amplified by HRP-IgY bound by approximately 80,000 SPA molecules on one S. aureus. The entire detection process could be accomplished within 90 min. Under optimal conditions, the linear response of different S. aureus concentrations ranged from 7.8 × 10² to 2.0 × 10⁵ CFU/mL and the limit of detection reached down to 3.9 × 10² CFU/mL. Some common non-target bacteria yielded negative results, indicating the excellent specificity of the method. The developed strategy was successfully applied to the determination of S. aureus in various types of samples with satisfactory recoveries. Therefore, the novel dual-recognition strategy possessed the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity, and low cost and exhibited considerable potential as a promising tool to defend public health.
Graphical Abstract
... Subsequently, a direct detection [6] or a desorption from the separation matrix before detection [7] can be performed. Various groups, such as antibodies [8], lectins [9,10], or antibiotics [3,5] can serve as affinity binders. ...
Affinity describes the non-covalent but selective interaction between an affinity binder (e.g., proteins, antibiotics, or antibodies) and its counterpart (e.g., bacteria). These affinity binders can serve to detect bacteria and respond to the need for selective concentration via affinity chromatography for trace analysis. By changing the pH value or salt and protein contents, affinity bindings can be reversed, and bacteria can be recovered for characterisation. Analytical microarrays use multiple affinity binders immobilised on the surface in a distinct pattern, which immensely reduces screening time for the discovery of superior binding motifs. Here, flow-based microarray systems can inform not only about binding, but also about desorption. In this work, we pioneer a screening assay for affinity binders against both gram-positive and negative bacteria based on an automated flow-based chemiluminescence (CL) microarray. Biotinylation of model organisms E. coli and E. faecalis enabled labelling with horseradish-peroxidase-coupled streptavidin, and detection with CL. Polymyxin B, an antibiotic against gram-negative bacteria, was found to bind both E. coli and E. faecalis. Simultaneous screening for desorption methods unexpectedly revealed methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside as a promising buffer for desorption from Polymyxin B. This proof-of-principle study shows that our new platform greatly facilitates the screening of new affinity binders against bacteria, with promise for future automation.
... However, the expensive, unstable, and difficult-to-store properties of antibodies limit their application in underdeveloped regions. Therefore, a number of low-cost, stable antibody alternatives have been developed for simultaneous recognition and separation of multiple bacteria, such as antibiotics [20], lectins [21], aptamer [22], and polymers [23]. Studies have shown that the bacterial surface is rich in lipopolysaccharide, teichoic acid, and other components, which make the bacterial surface negatively charged [24]. ...
Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii are important pathogenic Listeria spp. that cause infections in humans and animals. Establishing a rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous screening of pathogenic Listeria spp. is of great significance for ensuring food safety. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) has been extensively reported to simultaneously detect several pathogens in food with high sensitivity, but a time-consuming pre-enrichment process is necessary. In this study, we report the usage of surface-modified polyethyleneimine-coated positively charged magnetic nanoparticles (PEI-MNPs) for rapid enrichment of pathogenic Listeria spp. through electrostatic interactions. The enrichment process takes only 10 min with high capture efficiency (more than 70%) at a wide pH range and ionic strength. Combined with mPCR analysis, the PEI-MNPs-mPCR strategy can simultaneously, rapidly, and sensitively detect pathogenic Listeria spp. without a time-consuming pre-concentration process. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limits of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in lettuce were both as low as 101 CFU/mL, which was a hundred times lower than that without magnetic enrichment. In conclusion, the magnetic enrichment strategy based on charge interaction combined with mPCR analysis has great application potential in shortening the pre-concentration time of foodborne pathogens and improving the detection sensitivity.
... Hyun et al. (2020) devised a method for selectively eliminating harmful bacteria by using bacterial lectin-targeting glycoconjugates containing an epitope or a photosensitizer to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or photodynamic treatment (PDT). Furthermore, Yang et al. (2019a) employed wheat germ agglutinin lectin (WGA) as a bio-recognition agent for S. aureus enrichment and found that even at 100-1000 CFU/ml of S. aureus, WGA demonstrated high enrichment efficiency. Later, this unique enrichment was applied in a quantitative and selective detection technique to detect S. aureus with a detection limit of 3.5 102 CFU/ml using double stranded DNA (dsDNA) stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). ...
Food-borne diseases are on the rise, and these will likely continue as a public health concern into the coming decades. Majority of foodborne outbreaks are linked to infections by emerging foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Foodborne pathogen identification becomes crucial in such scenarios to control these pathogens, associated outbreaks, and diseases. Pathogen detection systems have evolved as essential food safety tools to combat microbial threats and experts are striving to develop robust, accurate and ergonomic rapid pathogen-detection kits. Lectin, a ubiquitous biomolecule (sugar binding proteins) present in almost all domains of life is a promising alternative to molecular based methods as a bio-recognition molecule in detection of foodborne pathogens for biosensor applications, owing to its multivalency and spatial organization of ligands. Due to their extensive prevalence, lectin-based biosensors have become the most sought-after bio-recognition molecules in biosensor applications because of increased sensitivity and reduced cost when compared to immune-based biosensors. The current paper discusses the claimed benefits of lectin as a superior bio-recognition molecule, as well as its numerous applications in biosensor creation.
... Hyun et al. (2020) devised a method for selectively eliminating harmful bacteria by using bacterial lectin-targeting glycoconjugates containing an epitope or a photosensitizer to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or photodynamic treatment (PDT). Furthermore, Yang et al. (2019a) employed wheat germ agglutinin lectin (WGA) as a bio-recognition agent for S. aureus enrichment and found that even at 100-1000 CFU/ml of S. aureus, WGA demonstrated high enrichment efficiency. Later, this unique enrichment was applied in a quantitative and selective detection technique to detect S. aureus with a detection limit of 3.5 102 CFU/ml using double stranded DNA (dsDNA) stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). ...
Food-borne diseases are on the rise, and these will likely continue as a public health
concern into the coming decades. Majority of foodborne outbreaks are linked to infections
by emerging foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria
monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Foodborne pathogen identification
becomes crucial in such scenarios to control these pathogens, associated outbreaks,
and diseases. Pathogen detection systems have evolved as essential food safety tools to
combat microbial threats and experts are striving to develop robust, accurate and
ergonomic rapid pathogen-detection kits. Lectin, a ubiquitous biomolecule (sugar
binding proteins) present in almost all domains of life is a promising alternative to
molecular based methods as a bio-recognition molecule in detection of foodborne
pathogens for biosensor applications, owing to its multivalency and spatial organization
of ligands. Due to their extensive prevalence, lectin-based biosensors have become the
most sought-after bio-recognition molecules in biosensor applications because of
increased sensitivity and reduced cost when compared to immune-based biosensors.
The current paper discusses the claimed benefits of lectin as a superior bio-recognition
molecule, as well as its numerous applications in biosensor creation.
... Hyun et al. (2020) devised a method for selectively eliminating harmful bacteria by using bacterial lectin-targeting glycoconjugates containing an epitope or a photosensitizer to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or photodynamic treatment (PDT). Furthermore, Yang et al. (2019a) employed wheat germ agglutinin lectin (WGA) as a bio-recognition agent for S. aureus enrichment and found that even at 100-1000 CFU/ml of S. aureus, WGA demonstrated high enrichment efficiency. Later, this unique enrichment was applied in a quantitative and selective detection technique to detect S. aureus with a detection limit of 3.5 102 CFU/ml using double stranded DNA (dsDNA) stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). ...
Food-borne diseases are on the rise, and these will likely continue as a public health
concern into the coming decades. Majority of foodborne outbreaks are linked to infections
by emerging foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria
monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Foodborne pathogen identification
becomes crucial in such scenarios to control these pathogens, associated outbreaks,
and diseases. Pathogen detection systems have evolved as essential food safety tools to
combat microbial threats and experts are striving to develop robust, accurate and
ergonomic rapid pathogen-detection kits. Lectin, a ubiquitous biomolecule (sugar
binding proteins) present in almost all domains of life is a promising alternative to
molecular based methods as a bio-recognition molecule in detection of foodborne
pathogens for biosensor applications, owing to its multivalency and spatial organization
of ligands. Due to their extensive prevalence, lectin-based biosensors have become the
most sought-after bio-recognition molecules in biosensor applications because of
increased sensitivity and reduced cost when compared to immune-based biosensors.
The current paper discusses the claimed benefits of lectin as a superior bio-recognition
molecule, as well as its numerous applications in biosensor creation.
... Hyun et al. (2020) devised a method for selectively eliminating harmful bacteria by using bacterial lectin-targeting glycoconjugates containing an epitope or a photosensitizer to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or photodynamic treatment (PDT). Furthermore, Yang et al. (2019a) employed wheat germ agglutinin lectin (WGA) as a bio-recognition agent for S. aureus enrichment and found that even at 100-1000 CFU/ml of S. aureus, WGA demonstrated high enrichment efficiency. Later, this unique enrichment was applied in a quantitative and selective detection technique to detect S. aureus with a detection limit of 3.5 102 CFU/ml using double stranded DNA (dsDNA) stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). ...
Food-borne diseases are on the rise, and these will likely continue as a public health concern into the coming decades. Majority of foodborne outbreaks are linked to infections by emerging foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Foodborne pathogen identification becomes crucial in such scenarios to control these pathogens, associated outbreaks, and diseases. Pathogen detection systems have evolved as essential food safety tools to combat microbial threats and experts are striving to develop robust, accurate and ergonomic rapid pathogen-detection kits. Lectin, a ubiquitous biomolecule (sugar binding proteins) present in almost all domains of life is a promising alternative to molecular based methods as a bio-recognition molecule in detection of foodborne pathogens for biosensor applications, owing to its multivalency and spatial organization of ligands. Due to their extensive prevalence, lectin-based biosensors have become the most sought-after bio-recognition molecules in biosensor applications because of increased sensitivity and reduced cost when compared to immune-based biosensors. The current paper discusses the claimed benefits of lectin as a superior bio-recognition molecule, as well as its numerous applications in biosensor creation.
... Hyun et al. (2020) devised a method for selectively eliminating harmful bacteria by using bacterial lectin-targeting glycoconjugates containing an epitope or a photosensitizer to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or photodynamic treatment (PDT). Furthermore, Yang et al. (2019a) employed wheat germ agglutinin lectin (WGA) as a bio-recognition agent for S. aureus enrichment and found that even at 100-1000 CFU/ml of S. aureus, WGA demonstrated high enrichment efficiency. Later, this unique enrichment was applied in a quantitative and selective detection technique to detect S. aureus with a detection limit of 3.5 102 CFU/ml using double stranded DNA (dsDNA) stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). ...
Food-borne diseases are on the rise, and these will likely continue as a public health
concern into the coming decades. Majority of foodborne outbreaks are linked to infections
by emerging foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria
monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Foodborne pathogen identification
becomes crucial in such scenarios to control these pathogens, associated outbreaks,
and diseases. Pathogen detection systems have evolved as essential food safety tools to
combat microbial threats and experts are striving to develop robust, accurate and
ergonomic rapid pathogen-detection kits. Lectin, a ubiquitous biomolecule (sugar
binding proteins) present in almost all domains of life is a promising alternative to
molecular based methods as a bio-recognition molecule in detection of foodborne
pathogens for biosensor applications, owing to its multivalency and spatial organization
of ligands. Due to their extensive prevalence, lectin-based biosensors have become the
most sought-after bio-recognition molecules in biosensor applications because of
increased sensitivity and reduced cost when compared to immune-based biosensors.
The current paper discusses the claimed benefits of lectin as a superior bio-recognition
molecule, as well as its numerous applications in biosensor creation.
... Hyun et al. (2020) devised a method for selectively eliminating harmful bacteria by using bacterial lectin-targeting glycoconjugates containing an epitope or a photosensitizer to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or photodynamic treatment (PDT). Furthermore, Yang et al. (2019a) employed wheat germ agglutinin lectin (WGA) as a bio-recognition agent for S. aureus enrichment and found that even at 100-1000 CFU/ml of S. aureus, WGA demonstrated high enrichment efficiency. Later, this unique enrichment was applied in a quantitative and selective detection technique to detect S. aureus with a detection limit of 3.5 102 CFU/ml using double stranded DNA (dsDNA) stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). ...
Food-borne diseases are on the rise, and these will likely continue as a public health concern into the coming decades. Majority of foodborne outbreaks are linked to infections by emerging foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Foodborne pathogen identification becomes crucial in such scenarios to control these pathogens, associated outbreaks, and diseases. Pathogen detection systems have evolved as essential food safety tools to combat microbial threats and experts are striving to develop robust, accurate and ergonomic rapid pathogen-detection kits. Lectin, a ubiquitous biomolecule (sugar binding proteins) present in almost all domains of life is a promising alternative to molecular based methods as a bio-recognition molecule in detection of foodborne pathogens for biosensor applications, owing to its multivalency and spatial organization of ligands. Due to their extensive prevalence, lectin-based biosensors have become the most sought-after bio-recognition molecules in biosensor applications because of increased sensitivity and reduced cost when compared to immune-based biosensors. The current paper discusses the claimed benefits of lectin as a superior bio-recognition molecule, as well as its numerous applications in biosensor creation.
