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The antibacterial property of methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane extracts of Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermous plant Biota orientalis leaves were investigated against some pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Erwinia chrysanthemi and Xanthomonas phaseoli) us...
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Context 1
... orientalis L. (Cupressaceae) is a beautiful ornamental plant commonly known as Morpankhi (Figure 1a). The green leaves were collected from Nainital, Kumaun Himalaya, India and authenticated by the Department of Botany, Kumaun University, Nainital. ...
Context 2
... leaves of B. orientalis were thoroughly washed and dried at room temperature. The dried material was powdered in an electric grinder (Figure 1b). To prepare a stock solution, 50 g of this powder was added to 200 ml of solvents (w/v). ...
Citations
... Dorning and Cipollini (2006) observed that aqueous extracts of the L. maackii (leaves and roots) reduced seeds germination of Impatiens capensis, Alliaria petiolata, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Similarly, P. orientalis has antibacterial and antifungal activities (Alinezhad et al. 2011;Duhan et al. 2013;Manimegalai et al. 2010;Sati et al. 2014). Table 3 shows the result of insecticidal effects of European Cranberry bush (V. ...
Application of botanical pesticides is a new trend in pest control nowadays as an environmentally safe alternative measures for synthetic chemicals. Hence, this study was aimed to analyze the phytochemical constituents of four medicinal Chinese plants, namely Lonicera maackii, Platycladus orientalis, Viburnum opulus, and Crataegus pinnatifida, and to investigate the insecticidal potentialities of leaves extracts of these plants against Tribolium castaneum. The research was carried out under laboratory conditions, at the Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, China. Ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of the plant leaves were tested at different concentrations (5, 2.5, and 1.25% w/v). Yields of extracting materials, mortality and repellent effects were the important parameters evaluated. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoid, and terpenoids in C. pinnatifida, but the other plants contain some of these compounds. The highest ethyl acetate extract concentration (5%) of V. opulus and C. pinnatifida obtained the best mortality means (5.00±0.41 and 4.75±0.25a, respectively), compared to the other treatments, but without significant differences from the middle concentration (2.5%) of both extracts. In repellency test, L. maackii methanol achieved the highest repellency percentage (91.38%). The findings proved that ethyl acetate extract of V. opulus and C. pinnatifida are the best insecticidal treatment, whereas methanol extract of L. maackii is the best repellent effect, against T. castaneum. These three plants require additional studies to be assessed as a component in pest management of store pests.
... The results of the present study indicate that the plant B. orientalis assayed possess antifungal properties ( Table 1). As evident from the literature B. orientalis is well documented for its use for remedies of various ailments [51,52] . In folk medicine B. orientalis has been used to treat bronchial catarrh, cystitis, urine carcinomas, amenorrhea and rheumatism [53] . ...
... Sati et al. [51] suggested that in Kumaun Himalaya a few workers carried out the bioactivity of angiospermic plants but there is complete dearth of information regarding the antimicrobial activity of gymnosperm plants. Therefore, this study on antimicrobial activity of gymnosperms of Kumaun Himalaya is one step to bridge the gap in this direction. ...
Fungicidal activity of 10 ethnobotanically known Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermous plants namely Araucaria cunninghamii, Biota orientalis, Cedrus deodara, Cephalotaxus griffithi, Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus torulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus communis, Picea smithiana and Pinus wallichiana were tested against six plant disease causing fungal pathogens by agar well-diffusion method. Forty extracts of these gymnospermic leaves in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane) were studied by performing the 160 sets of experiments. The MIC values of each extract (where % inhibition ≥ 40%) were also determined. All the plant extracts exhibited strong antifungal activity. Results indicated that all leaves extracts of C. griffithi and G. biloba were found most effective among the tested plants extracts. Hexane extract of C. griffithi was showed highest inhibitory activity against C. falcatum (72%; MIC, 7.81µg/ml) and T. indica (70%; MIC, 15.62µg/ml). On the other hand, ethanol extract of G. biloba also showed remarkable activity against P. oryzae (66% with MIC, 7.81g/ml). While P. wallichiana leave extracts were found less active among the studied plants against all the tested fungal strains. The chloroform extracts were found the most effective against all the tested fungi (10% to 60%), followed by ethanol extract (30-50%), methanol extract (20-40%), while in hexane extracts ranged 10-30% only. The extracts of C. griffithi exhibited superior Relative Antifungal Activity (RAA, 20%), followed by G. biloba and A. cunninghamii (RAA, 19 and 12%, respectively). All data were also analyzed for determination of total activity of plant for each studied species of gymnosperm. C. griffithi had maximum activity i.e. 71 % followed by G. biloba (54%) and A. cunninghamii (33%). C. torulosa showed the least total activity and RAA i.e. 8% and 3%, respectively. All the plant species assayed possess definite antifungal properties and suggested for phytochemical analysis to identify the active principles responsible for their antifungal activity.
... The recent finding report that gymnosperms plants contain various secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, ligans, phenol, steroid and sugar derivatives [29,33,[35][36][37] . These phytochemicals have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antihelminthic properties and they serve as defence agent against invading microorganisms [29,[38][39][40] . ...
Ethnomedicinal information is one of the powerful criteria for new drugs discoveries therefore; present investigation was carried out to evaluate the ethnomedicinal and antibacterial potential of traditional Kumaun Himalayan gymnosperms. Besides, an antibacterial value index and relative antibacterial activity of studied plants have been established. Forty four plant leaves extracts in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane) of 11 gymnosperms (Araucaria cunninghamii, Biota orientalis, Cedrus deodara, Cephalotaxus griffithi, Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus torulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus communis, Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana and Taxus baccata) occurring in Kumaun Himalaya were screened for their antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of studied gymnospermic plant extracts against a panel of bacteria was found effective at 1000 µg/ml. The MIC and MBC values of each extract (where ZOI ≥ 15 mm) were also determined. The methanol extract of screened gymnosperms were found the most effective against all the bacteria (54% to 81%), followed by ethanol extract (45-72%), hexane extract (18-27%), while in chloroform extract it ranged 9-27% only. The extracts of G. biloba exhibited superior Relative Antibacterial Activity (RAA, 20%), followed by A. cunninghamii and P. wallichiana (12% RAA, each). The lowest RAA value was observed for C. torulosa (1%). All data were also analyzed for determination of an Antibacterial Value Index (ABVI) for each studied species of gymnosperm. G. biloba had maximum ABVI i.e. 90 % followed by A. cunninghamii and P. wallichiana (ABVI, 55% each). C. torulosa showed the least ABVI and RAA i.e. 5% and 11%, respectively. The present work fully highlighted the utility of traditionally known 11 gymnosperms of Kumaun Himalaya for their antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria.
... As evident from the literature B. orientalis is well documented for its use for remedies of various ailments (Ezzat 2001, Nickavar et al. 2003, Naser et al. 2005, Guleria et al. 2008, Sati et al. 2014). ...
... "THUJOIN" rich fraction separated from crude ethanolic extract of Biota had been reported to possess anticancer potential (Biswas et al. 2010). The pharcological effects of this plant has also been reported by some workers (Ezzat 2001, Nickavar et al. 2003, Naser et al. 2005, Guleria et al. 2008, Bissa et al. 2008, Bhan et al. 2011, Sati et al. 2014). Guleria et al. (2008) determined the chemical compo- sition of this plant collected from north-western Himalaya and they found α-pinene, α-cedrol, caryophyllene, limonene, α-ter- pinolene and α-terpinyl acetate, active compound in leaf extract. ...
An increasing demand for natural plant products has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antifungal agents. This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, hexane and water extracts of Biota orientalis Endl. leaves, a Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermic plant. The antifungal potential of all extracts of B. orientalis were tested against seven different fungal strains (Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pyricularia oryzae, Sclerotinia rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Tilletia indica) using agar-well diffusion method. The ethanol extract was found most active against all the pathogens tested (Percent inhibition, 27-59%) followed by hexane extract (Percent inhibition, 31-58%) and methanol extract (27-57%) while chloroform and aqueous extracts were found totally inactive against all the tested fungal strains, only chloroform extract showed inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii (% inhibition, 58%). The inhibitory activity of these extracts was found very effective as compared to Clotrimazol, standard antifungal agent that was used as positive control against tested fungal strains.
... Himalayan juniper is used medicinally for urinary infections, respiratory problems as well as gastro-intestinal infections and worms. It has also been used in rubificant as well as antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, cicatrizant, depurative, diuretic, ammanagogue, nervine, parasiticide, sedative, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vulnerary (Takacsova et al., 1995 In addition, the knowledge of the chemical constituents of medicinally important plants would further be useful in discovering the actual value of folkloric remedies (Mojab, et al., 2003;Sati, et al., 2014). Since many microorganisms have developed resistance to many antibiotics (Cowan, 1999), therefore it is a regular need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs. ...
Leaves of Juniperus squamata Buch. – Ham ex D. Don was screened for phytochemicals and in vitro antibacterial activity. The shade dried leaves were extracted with methanol and ethanol. Ethanol and methanol extracts of J. squamata were assessed for their antibacterial potential and phytochemical screening against five pathogenic bacteria; Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Erwinia chrysanthemi and Xanthomonas phaseoli, employing disc-diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were further observed by employing serial dilution technique. Both extracts of J. squamata were found effective by showing a mark zone of inhibition (ZOI). The maximum inhibitory potential was recorded in ethanol extract (ZOI,15-21 mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanolic extract were also determined as 31.25 to 500 μg/ml and 125 to 500 μg/ml, respectively. The lowest MIC (31.25µg/ml) was observed in ethanol extract against E. chrysanthemi while lowest MBC (125µg/ml) was recorded against E. chrysanthemi and B. subtilis, in the same extract. Solvents treated discs were used as negative control and discs of standard antibiotics served as positive control in the experiment. The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, protein, saponin, terpenoids, phenols, starch, and resins, in both used extracts. The results showed that both leaves extracts of J. squamata possess a broad spectrum activity against a panel of bacterial strains responsible for the most common plant and animal diseases.
Thuja orientalis commonly known as white cedar belonging to family Cupressacae is an monoecious small tree or shrub. It is also known as Tree of life and Orientale Arbor-Vitae in English. T. orientalis has an effective natural origin that has a tremendous future for research as the novelty and applicability are still hidden. Thuja is used for treatment of bronchial catarrh, enuresis, cystitis, psoriasis, uterine carcinomas, amenorrhea, rheumatism, asthma, skin infections, mumps, bacterial dysentery, arthritic pains and premature blandness. Different parts of plant are exhibited extensively biological activities like hair growth-promoting, antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-epileptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Apart of these effects, it can be used as nematicidal, insecticidal and molluscicidal activity against various pests. The present review article give comprehensive information about various medicinal and traditional utility of the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of the plant and its constituents.
The antibacterial property of methanol, ethanol and hexane extracts of Berberis aristata, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Tinospora cordifolia grown in Kumaun Himalayan were investigated against some pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium
tumefaciens, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas phaseoli and Erwinia chrysanthemi) using disc diffusion method. Methanol extract of B. aristata was found with highest inhibitory activity against E. chrysanthemi (ZOI, 11±0.3mm). Whereas lowest inhibition was recorded in ethanolic extract of B. aristata against E. coli. The hexane extract of B. aristata and methanolic extract of C. ambrosioides were found totally inactive against all the pathogens tested.
