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![1: (a) Arrays antennae system. (b) Topology of the sequential-phase feed network c 2012 IEEE [2]](profile/Van-Nguyen-58/publication/352374458/figure/fig2/AS:1035866499710977@1623981227338/a-Arrays-antennae-system-b-Topology-of-the-sequential-phase-feed-network-c-2012.png)
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![Figure 2.4: Traditional F F T method (a) versus V M D based method (b) [4]](profile/Van-Nguyen-58/publication/352374458/figure/fig4/AS:1035866499723265@1623981227419/Traditional-F-F-T-method-a-versus-V-M-D-based-method-b-4_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 2.5: Error probability of radar sensing system c 2012 IEEE [5]](profile/Van-Nguyen-58/publication/352374458/figure/fig5/AS:1035866499723266@1623981227446/Error-probability-of-radar-sensing-system-c-2012-IEEE-5_Q320.jpg)
The present study has focused on microwave sensors, studying microwave theoretical models and searching for life detecting, health care and smart home applications. In this research, the antennae systems for vital signs detection, such as
breathing rate, were first investigated to validate their performance in a system at
different frequencies. The...
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... [2], the antennae system was built on the low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LT CC) substrate. The structure of this system is shown in Figure 2.1. Each antenna consists of four patches. ...
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... also allowed the radar sensor to detect the weak signals with low SN R values. Figure 2.3: Block diagram to test multiple targets detection [4] Besides the vital sign detection techniques, target tracking based on radar [4] Another powerful algorithm to detect breathing rates of multiple subjects is the independent component analysis (ICA) [128,129] technique. ...
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... false alarm, miss detection and total error probabilities were investigated to determine the integrity of the radar sensor. The 3D error probability of the radar sensing system is shown in Figure 2.5. The amplitude of cluster is proportional to the error probability value. ...
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... operate this system, the external antennae and crystal needs to be connected within this compact kit. The block diagram, the example module, and application results of this system are illustrated in Figure 2.7. The example module has a size of 5.8cm × 3cm and can detect the breathing rate at a distance of 9 m and heartbeat at a distance of 5 m. ...
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... typical functional block diagram of the CW radar sensor system is shown in Figure 2.8. The system consists of an oscillator (OSC), IQ demodulator, arctangent demodulator, analog to digital converter (ADC), digital signal processing and display unit. ...
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... addition, the system sensitivity is increased by a phase-shifter connected to the local port of the mixer [8]. Figure 2.9: Schematic of 1.15 GHz microwave radar [8] Chapter 2: Literature review. ...
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... system was tested in the simulated earthquake rubble at the Electromagnetics Laboratory, Michigan State University (Figure 2.10). The system can detect the breathing rate and heartbeat over a distance of seven feet including three feet of rubble with metallic wire mesh. ...
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... horn antennae were used in this work. The schematic presentation of their proposed system is shown in Figure 2.11. There are four main blocks in this system. ...
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... block diagram of the F M CW radar sensor is similar to the CW sensor as shown in Figure 2.8, but the OSC should be replaced by a voltage control oscillator (V CO). The diagram of frequency versus time of F M CW radar is displayed in Figure 2.12, where BW is the bandwidth of transmitting signal, f is beat frequency, and t is the time delay. ...
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... block diagram of the F M CW radar sensor is similar to the CW sensor as shown in Figure 2.8, but the OSC should be replaced by a voltage control oscillator (V CO). The diagram of frequency versus time of F M CW radar is displayed in Figure 2.12, where BW is the bandwidth of transmitting signal, f is beat frequency, and t is the time delay. ...
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... the F M CW radar system, the transmitter sends a linear frequency signal Figure 2.8. The distance from the target to the radar sensor and the range resolution can be estimated as [23,131]: ...
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... the work of [10] Matthew et al applied the singular value decomposition (SV D) algorithm on the obtained signal from a so-called Soprano F M CW system. The hardware schematic is shown in Figure 2.13. This system was first developed by Chen et al [132]. ...
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... measurement setup is shown in Figure 2.14. The received signals in this radar system were processed by singular value decomposition (SV D) and moving target indicator (M T I) techniques to detect location and the moving trend of the ...
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... combine the advantages of range detection in F M CW radar and small displacements detection in the single tone CW radar sensor, Guochao Wang et al. [11] introduced a hybrid system which operates at F M CW and CW alternatively to obtain the range and vital signs of a human. The transmitted and received signals in frequency and time domains are demonstrated in Figure 2.15. The F M CW period provides the distance information, while the thorax displacements can be obtained from CW mode. ...
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... work in reference [12] performed some physical experiments which can simulate finding live people under the debris situations. The measurement set up of this work is described in Figure 2.16. The measured subject was asked to lie under bricks on the floor as in Figure 2.16 (a). ...
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... measurement set up of this work is described in Figure 2.16. The measured subject was asked to lie under bricks on the floor as in Figure 2.16 (a). ...
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... thickness of the brick layer was changed from 0 to 20 cm. The subject was asked to perform four postures as in Figure 2.16 (c). ...
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... breathing rate of a human can be detected through the obstacle, and the posture of the subject is not critical. The measuring time to find the respiratory rate of a person is quite small (5 seconds) as shown in Figure 2.17. For search and rescue purposes, the breathing rate should be considered as the main signal to find the live subject. ...
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... searching and locating people under the debris when human-caused/natural disasters occur, U W B radar is a good choice since it can also detect the vital signs and the location of the target. In 2004, Narayanan et al. [135] introduced the basic block diagram of random noise U W B radar, as described in Figure 2.18. This sensing system can detect a trihedral reflector behind a wall. ...
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... proposed a digital U W B random noise radar sensor system for search and rescue purposes. The topology of the system is shown in Figure 2.19. In this design, an FPGA-based receiver was developed. ...
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... this work, the chip-based generator is used as the source noise, and the software-defined technique was utilized to reduce the size and power consumption of the radar system. Figure 2.19: A schematic of a digital random noise UWB radar sensor [13] The results of Chieh-Ping Lai's human detection system is presented in Figure 2.20. ...
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... range and velocity of the target can be detected by comparing the transmitted pulse and the received pulse. A basic block diagram of an U W B microwave radar sensor is shown in Figure 2.21. The desired waveform is created by the pulse generator. ...
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... [92] and [1] report a de-noising method for detection of through-wall vital signs based on the U W B radar sensor. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 2.22. The thickness of the wall is 1 m, and the human target was measured at varying distances from 3 m to 12 m. ...
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... Liang [1] also proposed a detection algorithm to provide range information and vital signs like breathing rate and heartbeat. The flow chart is displayed in Figure 2.23. Several de-noising techniques were applied: first the stationary clutter, linear trend, and non-stationary clutter are ...
