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(a) An individual-based model for the emergence of a positive frequency dependent allele. (b) Selection coefficient of the said allele is negative when it is rare in the population, and is positive when the allele becomes more frequent within the population. (c) An extension of the model to a spatial grid with periodic boundary conditions where migration happens between residents of any focal patch and the surrounding patches in its von Neumann neighborhood.

(a) An individual-based model for the emergence of a positive frequency dependent allele. (b) Selection coefficient of the said allele is negative when it is rare in the population, and is positive when the allele becomes more frequent within the population. (c) An extension of the model to a spatial grid with periodic boundary conditions where migration happens between residents of any focal patch and the surrounding patches in its von Neumann neighborhood.

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Positive frequency dependent selection is a natural selection regime where the fitness of a phenotype increases with its frequency in the population. Examples can be typically found in the spread of disease tolerance strategies in a population. A characterizing feature of PFDS is that the focal allele may experience favorable selection only when it...