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(a) Amputated finger is shown with the esthetic prosthesis before putting it on and (b) after putting on the esthetic prosthesis.
Source publication
This chapter shall provide a brief introduction to the prostheses and their development in the current advance technological era. The prosthesis design, control, and architecture completely changed with the change in the amputation level. The transradial amputee stump design, electronics, battery, and circuit placement change significantly with the...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... main consideration in the design of the cosmetic prostheses is to match the exact skin tone texture, nails, and size of the subject. Figure 4(a) shows the finger amputation with a cosmetic prosthesis; after wearing the cosmetic prosthesis, it is quite difficult to notice the amputation of the subject as shown in Figure 4(b) [9]. ...
Context 2
... main consideration in the design of the cosmetic prostheses is to match the exact skin tone texture, nails, and size of the subject. Figure 4(a) shows the finger amputation with a cosmetic prosthesis; after wearing the cosmetic prosthesis, it is quite difficult to notice the amputation of the subject as shown in Figure 4(b) [9]. ...
Citations
... Levels of upper limb amputation[3]. ...
Prosthetic arms are designed to assist amputated individuals in the performance of the activities of daily life. Brain machine interfaces are currently employed to enhance the accuracy as well as number of control commands for upper limb prostheses. However, the motion prediction for prosthetic arms and the rehabilitation of amputees suffering from transhumeral amputations is limited. In this paper, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based approach for the recognition of human intention for six upper limb motions is proposed. The data were extracted from the study of fifteen healthy subjects and three transhumeral amputees for elbow extension, elbow flexion, wrist pronation, wrist supination, hand open, and hand close. The fNIRS signals were acquired from the motor cortex region of the brain by the commercial NIRSport device. The acquired data samples were filtered using finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Furthermore, signal mean, signal peak and minimum values were computed as feature set. An artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to these data samples. The results show the likelihood of classifying the six arm actions with an accuracy of 78%. The attained results have not yet been reported in any identical study. These achieved fNIRS results for intention detection are promising and suggest that they can be applied for the real-time control of the transhumeral prosthesis.
Prosthetics have come a long way since their inception, and recent advancements in materials science have enabled the development of prosthetic devices with improved functionality and comfort. One promising area of research is the use of auxetic metamaterials in prosthetics. Auxetic materials have a negative Poisson's ratio, which means that they expand laterally when stretched, unlike conventional materials, which contract laterally. This unique property allows for the creation of prosthetic devices that can better conform to the contours of the human body and provide a more natural feel. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current state of the art in the development of prosthetics using auxetic metamaterials. We discuss the mechanical properties of these materials, including their negative Poisson's ratio and other properties that make them suitable for use in prosthetic devices. We also explore the limitations that currently exist in implementing these materials in prosthetic devices, including challenges in manufacturing and cost. Despite these challenges, the future prospects for the development of prosthetic devices using auxetic metamaterials are promising. Continued research and development in this field could lead to the creation of more comfortable, functional, and natural-feeling prosthetic devices. Overall, the use of auxetic metamaterials in prosthetics represents a promising area of research with the potential to improve the lives of millions of people around the world who rely on prosthetic devices.
Prosthetic devices replace a missing body part lost through disease, trauma, or congenital disorder. The prosthesis is an external physical 'medicine' that is applied to restore the movement, function, and cosmetic appearance of the lost body parts like a leg, hand, finger, ear, nose, etc. Prosthetists are the healthcare and rehabilitation professionals who assess, examine, prescribe, fabricate, and fit prosthetic devices to the amputees and also train them, if required, in acceptance of the prosthesis to the patient. The person who lost his or her limb through surgery in any form or having absence of limb by birth is known as an amputee. The technological advancement in the field of prosthetics has improved the quality of life of amputees in this century like nothing before and allowed them to interact with the wider world. Prosthesis plays an important role in returning the individual with limb loss to the pre-injury level of function. The future of prosthetic development appears to be promising.
The technical evolution of the prosthetic field is swift and the technical solutions for the limb prostheses are found in a vast number of the specialized literature, therefore for good information management, a generalized classification of the field is necessary. Based on the use of the idea diagram method, a multicriteria classification of the lower and upper limb prostheses was performed. The classification was made according to the levels of limb amputation, the way of attaching prosthetic devices to the patient, the generations of technological performance adopted over time, the areas in which these prosthetic devices are used, and the mechanisms used for generation and transmission of forces in the joints of ankle & foot prostheses. The results include general information and help novice researchers in future approaches to the field of limb prostheses.
Purpose
Medical devices are undergoing rapid changes because of the increasing affordability of advanced technologies like additive manufacturing (AM) and three-dimensional scanning. New avenues are available for providing solutions and comfort that were not previously conceivable. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the research on developing prostheses using AM to understand the opportunities and challenges in the domain. Various studies on prosthesis development using AM are investigated to explore the scope of integration of AM in prostheses development.
Design/methodology/approach
A review of key publications from the past two decades was conducted. Integration of AM and prostheses development is reviewed from the technologies, materials and functionality point of view to identify challenges, opportunities and future scope.
Findings
AM in prostheses provides superior physical and cognitive ergonomics and reduced cost and delivery time. Patient-specific, lightweight solutions for complex designs improve comfort, functionality and clinical outcomes. Compared to existing procedures and methodologies, using AM technologies in prosthetics could benefit a large population.
Originality/value
This paper helps investigate the impact of AM and related technology in the field of prosthetics and can also be viewed as a collection of relevant medical research and findings.
Due to various reasons of natural disasters, car accidents, diseases and so on, different levels of amputations such as hand, wrist and shoulder disarticulation have been caused. A modular structural design of upper limb prosthesis that consists of hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders joints is vital to restore the lost motor functions of amputees and still remains a challenge. This paper designs a modular bionic arm prosthesis with five-degree-of-freedom according to the characteristics of weight, size and range of motion of a natural upper limb. By simulating and analyzing the kinematics of the arm prosthesis, results showed that the range of motion of the prosthesis is relatively wide and can meet the use of daily life. And based on the 3D printing technology, a whole arm prosthesis was printed and assembled modularly. Additionally, a control test of the modular arm prosthesis was conducted. The results showed that the designed prosthesis was operated successfully by the surface electromyography based pattern recognition control. The work of this study provides an effective modular bionic arm prosthesis structure that can restore different motor functions for patients with different levels of amputations.
Extrinsically powered prosthetic hands offer the potential to replicate the capabilities of a human hand and thus enable an upper limb amputee to complete activities of daily living. Over the past 20 years however, amputees have consistently indicated that several user needs have not been met. Many of these user needs are related to the hardware of the prosthetic hand, and in particular, its actuators and transmissions. These needs include reduced weight and improved dexterity, hand speed, hand strength, and functionality. To understand why these user needs have not been adequately addressed, we first seek to investigate the state of the art in extrinsically powered prosthetic hands through a comprehensive review of the research, commercial, and open-source literature. This review focuses specifically on actuation of the prosthetic hands because actuation is central to addressing the above user needs. This review, based on actuation strategies, enables a characterization and exploration of the actuation design space. We also compare the performance of the reviewed prosthetic hands with both the human hand and ideal recommendations for prosthetic hands to conclude that existing prosthetic hands do not adequately address user needs. This systematic characterization of the actuation design space helps identify that improvements to transmission pathways are the most promising avenue of further research and innovation to enable future prosthetic hands that adequately address user needs.
