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(a) Amperometric i-t curve response of the 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like (i) and nanowire (ii) nanostructures on the CFP electrode at an applied potential of +0.55 V in 0.1 M NaOH with the dropwise addition of 1 μM glucose, and (b) the corresponding calibration plot of the obtained current response vs. glucose concentration. (c) Representative amperometric i-t curve response of the 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like nanostructures on the CFP electrode at +0.55 V with the successive additions of glucose up to 1000 μM in 0.1 M NaOH and the corresponding calibration plot of the obtained current response vs. glucose concentration. (d) Amperometric response of 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like nanostructures on the CFP electrode towards the addition of 1 µM glucose (steps a, d, g, j, m, o and p) and interfering compounds of 100 µM AA (b), DA (c), UA (e), AP (f ), cysteine (step h), fructose (step i), galactose (step k), lactose (step l), and serotonin (step n) in constantly stirred 0.1 M NaOH solution.
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The demand for electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity and reliability, fast response, and excellent selectivity has stimulated intensive research on developing highly active nanomaterials. In this work, freestanding 3D/Co3O4 thorn-like and wire-like (nanowires) nanostructures are directly grown on a flexible carbon fiber paper (CFP) substrat...
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... that the i pa at peak O III (+0.55 V) increased signifi- cantly with the increase of glucose concentration from CV measurements, a potential of +0.55 V was applied for the non- enzymatic chronoamperometric detection of glucose in 3D/ Co 3 O 4 nanostructure-modified CFP electrodes (curves i and ii in Fig. 6a are for thorn-like and nanowires, respectively) in the stirring 0.1 M NaOH solution. The typical i-t curve on succes- sive injection of glucose reached 97% of steady-state current in less than 2 s, which is similar to what was previously reported for other non-enzymatic glucose sensors. [63][64][65] The corres- ponding calibration ...
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... thorn-like and nanowires, respectively) in the stirring 0.1 M NaOH solution. The typical i-t curve on succes- sive injection of glucose reached 97% of steady-state current in less than 2 s, which is similar to what was previously reported for other non-enzymatic glucose sensors. [63][64][65] The corres- ponding calibration curves were plotted ( Fig. 6b) with corre- lation coefficient values of 0.999 (thorn-like nanostructures on the CFP electrode) and 0.998 (nanowires on the CFP ...
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... sensitivity of both 3D/Co 3 O 4 nanowire and thorn-like nanostructure-modified CFP electrodes was calculated from Fig. 6b, and the 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like nanostructure-modified CFP shows a higher sensitivity (0.18 µA µM −1 glucose) than the 3D/Co 3 O 4 nanowire CFP electrode (0.09 µA µM −1 glucose). Furthermore, a wide range response of glucose was tested from 1 to 1000 µM (Fig. 6c), and the limit of detection calculated for both 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like ...
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... O 4 nanowire and thorn-like nanostructure-modified CFP electrodes was calculated from Fig. 6b, and the 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like nanostructure-modified CFP shows a higher sensitivity (0.18 µA µM −1 glucose) than the 3D/Co 3 O 4 nanowire CFP electrode (0.09 µA µM −1 glucose). Furthermore, a wide range response of glucose was tested from 1 to 1000 µM (Fig. 6c), and the limit of detection calculated for both 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like nanostructure-and 3D/Co 3 O 4 nano- wire-modified CFP electrodes from the standard deviation of the baseline current 66 was found to be 0.046 µM and 0.102 µM, respectively (S/N = 3). We summarized the enzyme- less glucose detection performance with different Co 3 O ...
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... deviation of the baseline current 66 was found to be 0.046 µM and 0.102 µM, respectively (S/N = 3). We summarized the enzyme- less glucose detection performance with different Co 3 O 4 -based nanostructured electrodes reported so far in Table S1. galactose (step k), lactose (step l), and serotonin (step n), in 0.1 M NaOH solution, as shown in Fig. 6d. Notably, 3D/Co 3 O 4 thorn-like nanostructures provide remarkable responses only for glucose oxidation, and there is no amperometric current response for interfering species agreeing well with the Co- based electrodes. 64,65,67,68 Reproducibility and stability of the glucose ...
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... Moreover, these complexes have wide range of applicability in analytical chemistry J Mater Sci [24]. Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disorder and occurs when the concentration of glucose is extremely high in the blood [25]. It becomes prime important to control and normalize the sugar level in diabetic patients to avoid the long-term adverse effects [26][27][28][29][30]. ...
A new bifunctional nanomaterial, [SBCu(II)Hyd]-MWCNTs, exhibiting exotic electrical and magnetic properties has been synthesized via chemical modification of MWCNT-COOH. Double probe DC electrical conductivity, CV and EIS studies show better conductivity of the material than that of MWCNT-COOH. With higher saturation and remanent magnetization, as well as coercivity, [SBCu(II)Hyd]-MWCNTs showed better ferromagnetic characteristics. Mott–Schottky electrochemical analysis was carried out to explore capacitive and dielectric properties. The enhancement in electrical conductivity of [SBCu(II)Hyd]-MWCNTs is also confirmed by optical and electrochemical band gaps studies. Subsequently, this material has been utilized to fabricate an electrochemical sensor by coating it over glassy carbon electrode for the determination of glucose. The corresponding sensitivity and limit of detection values are calculated to be 1.1 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻² and 0.09 µM, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
... Figure The progressive decrease of the analytical sensitivity may be due to the saturation of the electrode's surface as observed in biosensors. 56,57 From the statistical analysis of the calibration curve, the analytical parameters for the proposed analytical methodology were determined, and the calculated parameters are observed in Table IV where others reported in the literature are presented. ...
Fe2O3 nanoparticles have interesting properties such as low production cost, chemical stability, biocompatibility, poor toxicity, and high conductivity. In this work, Fe2O3 nanoparticles are used as modifiers to combine their characteristics to those of carbon paste electrodes to enhance the determination of glucose. Differential pulse voltammetry was used as the quantitative analytical technique and then a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the variables in order to maximize the glucose electro-oxidation response signal. The Fe2O3-NPs/CPE sensor showed excellent electro-catalytic performance toward glucose oxidation and three linear ranges: 0.015 µM – 1 µM (sensitivity of 51.54 µA/ µM), 1 µM – 100 ¬ µM (sensitivity of 4.21 µA/ µM) and, 30 µM – 700 µM (sensitivity of 0.041 µA/µM) and detection limit of 0.044 µM. The sensor also presented good reproducibility and repeatability, excellent selectivity (in the presence of ascorbic acid, uric acid, lactose, caffeine, and paracetamol), and satisfactory applicability for glucose detection in commercial electrolyte beverages and human urine samples. The improved electrochemical detection capability of Fe2O3-NPs/CPE is attributed to the formation of Fe4+=O reactive groups at alkaline pH that allowed the oxidization of glucose by a nonenzymatic mechanism.
... Graphene-metal oxide (GO-MO) composites have been used in electrochemical detection of dopamine [13,14]; hydrogen peroxide [15,16]; simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid [17] etc. Song et al. [18] have demonstrated the improved sensing property of CuO nanoparticles after loading on to GO sheets. 3D graphene/Co 3 O 4 and graphene/Mn 3 O 4 composites have been used as the monolithic free-standing electrode for enzymeless electrochemical detection of glucose [19,20]. Yuan et al. [21] reported nickel oxide nanoparticles NiO/GO/glassy carbon (GC) modified electrode for the electrochemical detection of glucose. ...
Nano semiconductors have been recently explored for various electrochemical and optical sensors for remote and non-invasive measurement of biomolecules at lower concentrations. Sensitivity of detection in any technique is influenced by the sensing material employed for detection. Till date, there are no reports on the impact of semiconductor material type on the sensitivity of various glucose detection techniques. In light of these, present study aims to develop nano metal oxide and graphene–metal oxide nanocomposite based electrochemical and optical biosensors for glucose detection and demonstrate the significance of material selection for the two glucose detection techniques. Graphene oxide (GO) and metal oxide (MO:ZnO, CuO, NiO and Co3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by modified Hummer’s method and solution combustion methods respectively, while Graphene–metal oxide nanocomposites (GO–MO) were synthesized by facile hydrothermal method. Morphology and structures of the prepared composite materials were characterised by Raman spectroscopy, XRD and SEM. Glucose sensing was analyzed using Fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Fluorescence emission intensity increased linearly with increase in concentration of glucose for MO nanoparticles, while in case of GO–MO nanocomposites, the emission spectra showed insignificant variation. In case of cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, GO–MO nanocomposite modified electrode exhibited excellent glucose sensing compared to MO nanoparticles modified electrode. While MO nanoparticles as glucose sensors were found to be ideal for PL technique, GO–MO nanocomposites were ideal sensing materials for CV technique. The present study thus demonstrates the importance of material selection for specific glucose detection techniques.
... Figure The progressive decrease of the analytical sensitivity may be due to the saturation of the electrode's surface as observed in biosensors. 56,57 From the statistical analysis of the calibration curve, the analytical parameters for the proposed analytical methodology were determined, and the calculated parameters are observed in Table IV where others reported in the literature are presented. ...
In this work, Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles were used for the construction of a modified carbon paste electrode for the electrochemical determination of glucose in an alkaline solution. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used as a quantitative analytical technique and a Box-Behnken design to optimize the variables related to this technique. The Fe 2 O 3 -NPs/CPE sensor showed excellent electro-catalytic performance towards glucose oxidation with a wide linear range of 0.0003 mM - 0.7 mM, a detection limit of 4.42x10 ⁻⁵ mM, and a quantification limit of 1.47x10 ⁻⁴ mM. The sensor also showed good reproducibility and repeatability, excellent selectivity (in the presence of ascorbic acid, uric acid, lactose, caffeine, and paracetamol), and satisfactory applicability for glucose detection in commercial electrolyte drink and human urine samples. Fe 2 O 3 nanostructures are promising for the development of effective non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for glucose determination in complex samples.
... Fig. 8(a) shows that the oxidation peaks can be observed. The peaks were caused by the transition between Co 3 O 4 and CoOOH (I/II), and CoOOH and CoO 2 (III/IV) [44], which was ascribed to the participation of OH − in the electrochemical redox reaction of Co 3 O 4 [45]. Thus, the electrochemical mechanism of glucose oxidation can be explained as follows [12,34]: ...
An ultrasensitive electrochemical glucose sensor was developed by hydrothermal growth of cobalt copper car-bonate hydroxide nanowires (CCCH NWs) on copper foam (CF) and surface in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) derived cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4) (Co 3 O 4 @CCCH NWs/CF). Benefitting from the large accessible surface area, the heterojunction between Co 3 O 4 and CCCH NWs, as well as the high electrical conductivity of copper foam, the electrochemical properties of Co 3 O 4 @CCCH NWs/CF sensor were significantly improved. As demonstration, we achieved an ultra-high sensitivity of 16.01 μA/μM/cm 2 , a wide linear range of 0.001 ~ 2.0 mM, and remarkable fast response-recovery times (1.5 s and 1.3 s) for emzymeless glucose detection based on the optimized sensor. Moreover, the fabricated Co 3 O 4 @CCCH NWs/CF sensor has a good reproduc-ibility, a long-term stability and anti-bending property for glucose detection. More interestingly, this sensor can be used to determine the glucose level of real serum samples, thereby providing a useful tool for enzymeless glucose monitoring.
... In contrast to noble metals, transition metal oxides (TMOs), such as CuO, Co 3 O 4 , NiO and NiCo 2 O 4 , demonstrate comparable catalytic activities toward glucose electro-oxidation and are relatively inexpensive, which have been dedicated to enzyme-free electrochemical biosensors in recent years. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Among them, NiO is deemed as one of the most promising low-cost candidates artificial enzymes owing to the excellent catalysis and stability for glucose oxidation [26,27]. It has been reported that the plain NiO could catalyze electrochemical oxidation of glucose by forming Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox under alkaline conditions. ...
... However, these limitations are successfully overcome by immobilizing enzymes on the solid supports, offering several advantages such as high enzyme-to-substrate ratio, great enzyme stability, reusability and good diagnosis, which also facilitates to reduce diagnosis https://doi.org/ 10 [18], organic or inorganic composites [19,20] and 3-dimensional materials [21]) has received significant attention in electrochemical sensors due to improve selectivity and enzyme activity towards selected target analytes. Moreover, protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers have shown to be efficient electrochemical sensors for sensitive analysis of various molecules [22]. ...
... Fig. 5D indicates a respectable linear relationship between J response with the square roots of the scan rate, according to an equation of J(mA/ cm 2 ) = 64.012E 1/2 -1.444 along with a correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.99221, implying that the oxidation of glucose at Zn-Co-OH/3DNF follows an effective diffusion-controlled procedure [51]. The enhanced performance of the Zn-Co-OH/3DNF towards glucose oxidation was further pronounced by result of amperometry measurement at +0.6 V. ...
... Thus, developing advanced methods for the detection of glucose and DA has become imperative. Current techniques for glucose and DA detection include colorimetry, fluorescence capillary electrophoresis, and electrochemical method [1][2][3][4][5]. Among them, electrochemical method based on nanomaterials is a good analytical approach due to its fast response, high sensitivity and low-price [6,7]. ...
The preparation of 3 kinds of carbonaceous nanocomposites by hydrothermal treatment and subsequent calcination described. The first comprises a nanomaterial of type CuO/g-C3N4, with g-C3N4 in mass fractions of 2, 5 and 7 wt%, respectively. The second comprises CuO/porous carbon (5 wt%), and the third comprises CuO/carbon spheres (5 wt%). All of them were employed to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain electrochemical sensors for glucose and dopamine. The GCE modified with CuO/g-C3N4 (5 wt%) displays the highest electrocatalytic activity towards glucose and dopamine. Figures of merit for sensing glucose (in 0.1 M NaOH solution) include a wide linear range (0.5 μM to 8.5 mM), a detection limit of 0.150 μM, and a sensitivity of 0.274 μA·μM⁻¹·cm⁻² (at a working potential of 0.60 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The respective data for dopamine (in pH 7.0 solution) are linear ranges from 0.2-16.0 μM and 16.0-78.7 μM, a lower detection limit of 60 nM, and an electrochemical sensitivity of 0.834 and 0.331 μA·μM⁻¹·cm⁻² (at a working potential of 0.22 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The good performance of the modified GCE is attributed to the synergetic interactions between CuO and the appropriate fraction of g-C3N4, and the improvement of conductivity.
Graphical abstractSchematic presentation of a electrochemical sensor based on CuO/g-C3N4 for the determination of glucose and dopamine.
... Recently, nanostructured metal oxides (ZnO, Co 3 O 4, MnO, MoO 3 etc.) paid much attention in sensor applications owing to their extraordinary properties such as low cost, good compatibility and semiconductivity [4,5,17,18]. Particularly cobalt oxide Co 3 O 4 is a p-type antiferromagnetic semiconductor, it exhibits electronic, electro-catalysis, bio-sensing and gas sensing ability [8,9,11,21]. The presence of normal spinel structure enhances the transfer of electrons between Co 2+ and Co 3+ . ...
... The presence of normal spinel structure enhances the transfer of electrons between Co 2+ and Co 3+ . Nowadays, Co 3 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 based nano composites have great potential application in biosensors [21], electrical and dielectric properties [22], supercapacitors [23], detection of biological toxicity [24], oxygen reduction electro catalysis [25]. To prepare CoMoO 4 and Co 3 O 4 different approaches were adopted they are simple precipitation method [26], combustion method [27], hydrothermal synthesis method [8], co-precipitation method [28] and so on. ...
