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Leather is widely used in daily necessities, such as shoes and bags. Traditional chrome tanning might produce leathers with excellent mechanical and thermal properties but gives rise to problems, such as environmental pollution. To find an ecological alternative for chrome-tanning agents, soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) was oxidized by sodium...
Citations
... Among the emerging CFTAs, biomass-derived aldehyde tanning agents (BATs), mainly prepared from saccharide-based biomass via periodate oxidation of the structural unit containing vicinal diols, have recently attracted much attention [11,12]. Such an interest is accounted for by its sustainability, low toxicity, biodegradability, and favorable tanning effects [13][14][15][16]. ...
High-performance chrome-free leather production is currently one of the most concerning needs to warrant the sustainable development of the leather industry due to the serious chrome pollution. Driven by these research challenges, this work explores using biobased polymeric dyes (BPDs) based on dialdehyde starch and reactive small-molecule dye (reactive red 180, RD-180) as novel dyeing agents for leather tanned using a chrome-free, biomass-derived aldehyde tanning agent (BAT). FTIR, 1H NMR, XPS, and UV-visible spectrometry analyses indicated that a Schiff base structure was generated between the aldehyde group of dialdehyde starch (DST) and the amino group of RD-180, resulting in the successful load of RD-180 on DST to produce BPD. The BPD could first penetrate the BAT-tanned leather efficiently and then be deposited on the leather matrix, thus exhibiting a high uptake ratio. Compared with the crust leathers prepared using a conventional anionic dye (CAD), dyeing, and RD-180 dyeing, the BPD-dyed crust leather not only had better coloring uniformity and fastness but it also showed a higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and fullness. These data suggest that BPD has the potential to be used as a novel sustainable polymeric dye for the high-performance dyeing of organically tanned chrome-free leather, which is paramount to ensuring and promoting the sustainable development of the leather industry.
... Considering the polyhydroxy structures of oligosaccharides, aldehyde group-rich oligosaccharide derivatives can be produced through oxidization. Once these species are synthesized, a robust crosslinking network is weaved via forming multisite Schiff base structures between the aldehyde group in the oligosaccharides and the amino group in the collagen fibers [4,5]. For example, biomass-derived aldehyde (BDA) tanning agents were prepared through periodate oxidation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sugarcane bagasse, in which the C2-C3 bond of the ...
... Considering the polyhydroxy structures of oligosaccharides, aldehyde group-rich oligosaccharide derivatives can be produced through oxidization. Once these species are synthesized, a robust crosslinking network is weaved via forming multisite Schiff base structures between the aldehyde group in the oligosaccharides and the amino group in the collagen fibers [4,5]. For example, biomass-derived aldehyde (BDA) tanning agents were prepared through periodate oxidation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sugarcane bagasse, in which the C2-C3 bond of the glucose unit was selectively cleaved to form 2,3-dialdehyde CMC [6,7]. ...
Leather production for human protection has been an essential industrial activity since the start of civilization, yet classical leavering methods induce pollution of ecosystems by dyes, chromium-containing wastewater, and solid waste. Here, we review sustainable leather production using polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides, which are cheap, easy to obtain, and non-toxic. Polysaccharides include starch, chitosan, cellulose, and cyclodextrins. We discuss application for leather tanning, prevention of leather mildew, leather finishing and dyeing, and wastewater treatment. The leather properties meet the requirements of garment leathers, with tear strength higher than 18 N per mm and tensile strength higher than 6.5 MPa.
Leather is an important biobased collagen protein material, which is used in the manufacture of a variety of products including footwear, automotive upholstery, garments, and sports equipment. Animal skins/hides are...
Lignocellulose contains abundant polysaccharides. The depolymerization of lignocellulose into oligosaccharides under relatively mild conditions not only retains their natural structures, but also reduces energy inputs during the cleavage of chemical bonds, which is promising for the development of the sustainable biorefinery industry. Here, we summarized the catalytic depolymerization of the polysaccharides by using acidic catalysts, mainly including inorganic acids, organic acids and inorganic salts. The effects of catalysts and the products' structural features were compared. Owing to their appropriate molecular size and abundant oxygen-containing groups, the oligosaccharides could be modified and then used as aldehyde tanning agents and metal-oligosaccharides complex tanning agents. We summarized the modification methods and modification degrees for improving the tanning performance, providing the application potentials of these biomass-derived tanning agents in high-performance chrome-free leather production.
In this study, we report the synthesis of a polymeric composite electrode based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The CNTs were functionalized and opened using the reflux method, followed by filling with CuO NPs to prepare the CNTs/CuO nanocomposite. The prepared CuO NPs-functionalized CNTs were dispersed in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) to fabricate the polymeric composite electrode. X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the crystallographic and morphological characteristics of the prepared CNTs/CuO nanocomposite, which revealed spherical CuO NPs embedded in the carbon nanotubes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the electrolytic activity of the prepared polymeric CNTs/CuO nanocomposite. In addition, the performance of the prepared polymeric CNTs/CuO nanocomposite was evaluated using a multimeter setup for the detection of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetone, ethanol, and formaldehyde. The voltage generated at the surface of the polymeric CNTs/CuO nanocomposite electrode decreased over time due to the reduction of the VOC concentration at the surface of the electrode. Overall, this study highlights the potential of polymeric composite electrodes for the detection of VOCs and their cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and eco-friendliness.
