Figure - available from: Applied Bionics and Biomechanics
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
(a) A simulated badminton court in our laboratory including the eight camera positions, motion area, and shuttle loading area. (b) The detailed action diagram of the backcourt forehand clear stroke; the upper image shows one elite participant’s whole body and racket movement; the lower image shows the simulation of his lower limb movement in the Vicon system.
Source publication
Most of the previous studies have been focused on the upper limb biomechanical characteristic in the clear stroke among different level badminton players, but research on the lower limb is limited. The aim of this study is to explore the lower limb kinematics and foot pressure in the backcourt forehand clear stroke among badminton players to give t...
Similar publications
Background
Badminton is a popular sport activity in both recreational and elite levels. A lot of biomechanical studies have investigated badminton lunge, since good lunge performance may increase the chances to win the game. This review summarized the current trends, research methods, and parameters-of-interest concerning lower-extremity biomechani...
Citations
... Recent advances in wearable sensors have enabled the accurate recognition of human actions at a highly detailed level 1,2 . This, in conjunction with modern AI techniques, has facilitated the analysis of high-level actions in various fields, such as fall detection [3][4][5][6][7] , sports training [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , healthcare [16][17][18][19] , assistive technologies for people with disabilities 20,21 , and rehabilitation 22,23 . While other fields focus on reducing the number and size of sensors used in research, the sports industry is adopting multimodal sensors to gain a comprehensive understanding of player movements and physical states. ...
... Likewise, several AI-and sensor-based diagnostic systems have been proposed for badminton training [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . ...
... In contrast, individual stroke data collection in controlled setting, which is our primary area of focus, provides opportunities for stroke classification 11,13,61,62 , statistical comparisons across varying expertise levels 9,63 , and in-depth evaluation of each stroke 14,62 . Given the context in which the individual stroke data is used, gathering it in a stable environment is crucial, allowing to focus entirely on the mechanics of badminton movements and accurately capture the full dynamics. ...
The sports industry is witnessing an increasing trend of utilizing multiple synchronized sensors for player data collection, enabling personalized training systems with multi-perspective real-time feedback. Badminton could benefit from these various sensors, but there is a scarcity of comprehensive badminton action datasets for analysis and training feedback. Addressing this gap, this paper introduces a multi-sensor badminton dataset for forehand clear and backhand drive strokes, based on interviews with coaches for optimal usability. The dataset covers various skill levels, including beginners, intermediates, and experts, providing resources for understanding biomechanics across skill levels. It encompasses 7,763 badminton swing data from 25 players, featuring sensor data on eye tracking, body tracking, muscle signals, and foot pressure. The dataset also includes video recordings, detailed annotations on stroke type, skill level, sound, ball landing, and hitting location, as well as survey and interview data. We validated our dataset by applying a proof-of-concept machine learning model to all annotation data, demonstrating its comprehensive applicability in advanced badminton training and research.
... To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the biomechanical characteristics influenced by the torsional stiffness of badminton shoes, our study further examined the FCL task and the 45C task, which also involved the data collection of the left leg. The FCL task represented another common movement in badminton requiring rapid and agile responses (Zhao and Li, 2019). ...
... This increase may be attributed to the specific characteristics of the 60D shoes, which seem to strike a balance between flexibility and torsional stiffness. In this footwork reliant on the left leg for optimal execution, the 60D shoes allow for greater ankle joint mobility, leading to increased peak dorsiflexion and inversion angles during the FCL task, possibly offering players a competitive edge in moments that demand quick directional changes (Zhao and Li, 2019). On the contrary, the 70D shoes resulted in a different interplay of biomechanics and performance, which significantly reduced the ROM of the knee in the coronal plane compared to the 50D and 60D shoes, suggesting a more constrained knee movement. ...
Torsional stiffness of athletic footwear plays a crucial role in preventing injury and improving sports performance, yet there is a lack of research focused on the biomechanical effect of torsional stiffness in badminton shoes. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the influence of three different levels of torsional stiffness in badminton shoes on biomechanical characteristics, sports performance, and injury risk in badminton players. Fifteen male players, aged 22.8 ± 1.96 years, participated in the study, performing badminton-specific tasks, including forehand clear stroke [left foot (FCL) and right foot (FCR)], 45-degree sidestep cutting (45C), and consecutive vertical jumps (CVJ). The tasks were conducted wearing badminton shoes of torsional stiffness measured with Shore D hardness 50, 60 and 70 (referred to as 50D, 60D, and 70D, respectively). The primary biomechanical parameters included ankle, knee, and MTP joint kinematics, ankle and knee joint moments, peak ground reaction forces, joint range of motion (ROM), and stance time. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed for normally distributed data and Friedman tests for non-normally distributed data. The 70D shoe exhibited the highest ankle dorsiflexion and lowest ankle inversion peak angles during 45C task. The 60D shoe showed significantly lower knee abduction angle and coronal motions compared to the 50D and 70D shoes. Increased torsional stiffness reduced stance time in the FCR task. No significant differences were observed in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral ground reaction forces (GRF). However, the 70D shoe demonstrated higher vertical GRF than the 50D shoe while performing the FCR task, particularly during 70%-75% of stance. Findings from this study revealed the significant role of torsional stiffness in reducing injury risk and optimizing performance during badminton tasks, indicating that shoes with an intermediate level of stiffness (60D) could provide a beneficial balance between flexibility and stability. These findings may provide practical references in guiding future badminton shoe research and development. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of altering stiffness, considering factors such as athletic levels and foot morphology, to understand of the influence of torsional stiffness on motion biomechanics and injury prevalence in badminton-specific tasks.
... The first group captures patient's physical parameters relevant to human movements. Typical examples in this category include marker-free cameras 2 [16], motion capture systems [17], inertial measurement units [18]- [20], strain sensors [21], and pressure sensors [12], [22]. The second group is predominantly based on surface electromyography (sEMG) and detects patient's muscle activities directly [23]- [31]. ...
A common challenge in Bicep Curls rehabilitation is muscle compensation, where patients adopt alternative movement patterns when the primary muscle group cannot act due to injury or fatigue, significantly decreasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts. The problem is exacerbated by the growing trend toward transitioning from in-clinic to home-based rehabilitation, where constant monitoring and correction by physiotherapists are limited. Developing wearable sensors capable of detecting muscle compensation becomes crucial to address this challenge. This study aims to gain insights into the optimal deployment of wearable sensors through a comprehensive study of muscle compensation in Bicep Curls. We collect upper limb joint kinematics and surface electromyography signals (sEMG) from eight muscles in 12 healthy subjects during standard and fatigue stages. Two muscle synergies are derived from sEMG signals and are analyzed comprehensively along with joint kinematics. Our findings reveal a shift in the relative contribution of forearm muscles to shoulder muscles, accompanied by a significant increase in activation amplitude for both synergies. Additionally, more pronounced movement was observed at the shoulder joint during fatigue. These results suggest focusing on the shoulder muscle activities and joint motions when deploying wearable sensors to effectively detect compensatory movements.
... Knee injuries and low back pain (LBP) can be classified as incident injuries due to overuse [6]. Many previous studies have evaluated this phenomenon from biomechanical [7,8] or epidemiological analysis [9][10][11]. In general, experts have concluded that knee injuries and LBP are interrelated injuries and are caused by several factors, such as decreased hamstring flexibility [9], weakening of the abdominal muscles and shortening that cause instability of the hip flexor muscle [10], and low trunk muscle strength (TMS) [11]. ...
... This study supports several previous studies that have addressed epidemiological injuries in badminton athletes [9-11, 21, 22]. For example, although this study only focused on knee and LBP injuries, it aimed to reveal that both injuries are the most common types of injuries [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Yung et al. [21] revealed that 50% of the total injuries in badminton occur in the lower limbs, especially knee injuries. ...
... This happens because, in general, when athletes perform lunges, the vastus medialis contracts eccentrically while the rectus femoris contracts concentrically; this is called the coactivation mechanism [27]. Therefore, when there is an increase in pain, the vastus medialis muscle will increase its activation to maintain knee joint stability, while the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles will decrease their activation as a compensatory strategy so as not to cause other, more severe injuries [28]. On the other hand, knee pain can cause changes in the H: Q ratio (hamstring: quadriceps ratio), where when there is an increase in pain, quadriceps activation increases and hamstring decre- ...
Introduction. The lack of research on fencing in Indonesia and the absence of analysis on muscle activation in the lower leg muscles, especially the quadriceps muscles, during fencing movements, such as lunges, is a significant gap in the existing literature. This knowledge gap is especially pronounced for athletes with knee pain and quadriceps angle differences. Knee pain causes athletes to experience a decrease in performance, one of which is caused by a decrease in balance. Purpose: This study aims to determine the difference in balance in athletes with knee pain and without knee pain and to determine the activation of the rectus femoris muscle, vastus medialis muscle, and vastus lateralis muscle in the lunge movement in athletes participating in fencing with sable and floret numbers. in the Fencing Sports Activity Unit at Tunas Pembangunan University (UTP) Surakarta. Methods. A descriptive and analytical observational research design was employed for this cross-sectional study, using purposive sampling to recruit seven fencing athletes of UTP. Stork balance test was used to check the balance score and surface electromyography records were used to collect data, and the data analysis was conducted using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The results of this study prove that the body balance scores of athletes who have complaints of knee pain are significantly worse (p < 0.05) compared to fencers who do not have complaints of knee pain. Knee pain also significantly reduced the activation of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis muscles (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Based on the results and discussion above, knee pain significantly decreases body balance and quadriceps muscle activity.
... Measuring foot pressure can help understand the support method and pressure distribution of the foot., evaluate the balance, stability and motion control ability of the foot (Hu et al., 2023;Jia et al., 2023). At present, foot pressure testing and analysis have been applied to rehabilitation programs and sports training program development (Wikstrom and McKeon, 2014;Jiang et al., 2021;Conner et al., 2022), foot function evaluation (Hillstrom et al., 2013;Montagnani et al., 2021;Shen et al., 2021), and sports shoe research and development (Chen et al., 1994;Zhao and Li, 2019). ...
Objective: To explore the characteristics of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NNMF) in analyzing the mechanical characteristics of foot functional units during walking and running.
Methods: Eighteen subjects (9 males and 9 females) were recruited, and the ground reaction force curves of each foot region during walking and running were collected using a plantar pressure measurement system. NNMF was used to extract the mechanical features of different foot regions and to determine the number of foot functional units. The differences between the base matrices of walking and running were compared by traditional t-tests, and the differences in coefficient matrices were compared by one-dimensional statistical parameter mapping.
Results: 1) When the number of foot functional units for walking and running were both 2, the Variability Accounted For (VAF) by the matrix exceeded 0.90 (VAF walk = 0.96 ± 0.02, VAF run = 0.95 ± 0.04); 2) In foot functional unit 1, both walking and running exhibited buffering function, with the heel region being the main force-bearing area and the forefoot also participating in partial buffering; 3) In foot functional unit 2, both walking and running exhibited push-off function, with the middle part of the forefoot having a higher contribution weight; 4) In foot functional unit 1, compared to walking, the overall force characteristics of the running foot were greater during the support phase of the 0%–20% stage, with the third and fourth metatarsal areas having higher contribution weights and the lateral heel area having lower weights; 5) In foot functional unit 2, compared to walking, the overall force was higher during the beginning and 11%–69% stages of running, and lower during the 4%–5% and 73%–92% stages. During running, the thumb area, the first metatarsal area and the midfoot area had higher contribution weights than during walking; in the third and fourth metatarsal areas, the contribution weights were lower during running than during walking.
Conclusion: Based on the mechanical characteristics of the foot, walking and running can both be decomposed into two foot functional units: buffering and push-off. The forefoot occupies a certain weight in both buffering and push-off functions, indicating that there may be a complex foot function transformation mechanism in the transverse arch of foot. Compared to walking, running completes push-off earlier, and the force region is more inclined towards the inner side of the foot, with the hallux area having a greater weight during push-off. This study suggests that NNMF is feasible for analyzing foot mechanical characteristics.
... According to most of the studies conducted in racquet sports, it can be said that the most foot pressure load is concentrated in the forefoot. Zhao et al. 38 in their study with 10 professional badminton and 10 amateur badminton players, found that the highest load was towards the forefoot, and the least load was towards the hindfoot. Valldecabres et al 27 examined the plantar pressure distribution of the feet according to the Y Balance Test repetitions in badminton players, it was found that the plantar pressure distribution was higher in the forefoot and toes in the pre-test evaluations. ...
... In addition, all previous studies only examined players representing a single performance level and based on studies on physical [5,6] and biomechanical [7,8] variables in tennis, it is reasonable to assume that plantar pressure distribution differs as a function of performance level. Indeed, higher plantar pressure during stroke has been reported for elite compared to sub-elite table tennis [9] and badminton players [10]. However, such comparisons have so far not been carried out for tennis players and transferring the aforementioned findings to tennis is questionable because these types of sports have different underlying physical, technical, and tactical requirements [5,11,12]. ...
... Besides others, they observed significantly larger pressure data (e.g., contact area of the midfoot and rearfoot) at backward-end and forward-end in superior compared to intermediate players. Further, Zhao and Li [10] investigated lower limb kinematics and plantar pressure in the backcourt forehand clear stroke between professional (N = 10, mean ± SD age: 23.7 ± 2.4 years) and amateur (N = 10, mean ± SD age: 22.5 ± 1.9 years) badminton players. Among others, significantly larger pressure values (e.g., pressure-time integral at the first metatarsal head region) were found in professional compared to amateur players. ...
Background:
In tennis, previous studies have shown differences in plantar pressure depending on tennis-specific movements (i.e., baseline play, serve & volley play, change of direction), playing surface (e.g., hard, grass, or clay), and serve type (e.g., slice, topspin or flat). However, the influence of stroke direction on plantar pressure in tennis players with diverging skill level is unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stroke direction on plantar pressure in each foot during the forehand and backhand stroke among players of different performance levels.
Methods:
Thirty-nine female and male healthy adult tennis players (mean ± SD age: 23.5 ± 6.4 years) representing athletes from three performance levels (recreational, intermediate, advanced) participated in this study. The players performed longline/cross forehand and backhand groundstrokes (topspin) on a clay court while plantar pressure distribution was measured in each foot using flexible instrumented insoles.
Results:
The three-way ANOVA (performance level × stroke direction × foot dominance) showed (a) no significant differences in plantar pressure data between cross and longline strokes in almost all cases, (b) in part, significantly larger pressure values in advanced compared to intermediate and recreational players, and (c) significantly larger pressure data for the dominant compared to the non-dominant foot in nearly all comparisons.
Conclusion:
Regarding an appropriate plantar pressure distribution, our results suggest that during training of especially recreational and intermediate players attention should be paid to the feet rather than to stroke direction.
... In addition to lunges, rear court movements in badminton also require the player to have highly developed balance. Plantar pressure analysis shows that, badminton players usually are in contact with the ground over the forefoot without the midfoot and heel during rear court forehand strokes [23]. Irrespective of the strokes they offer, the players need to maintain their center of gravity within the base of support, not to lose balance and to move in any direction after returning the shuttlecock. ...
Badminton is a racket sport that requires a wide variety of proficient postural changes and moves including jumps, lunges, quick changes in direction, and rapid arm movements. Efficient movement in badminton court entails reaching the shuttlecock in as few steps as possible while maintaining good balance. Balance training is an unexplored component in badminton training protocol, though balance is important in injury prevention and performance enhancement. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of balance training on sport-specific footwork performance of school-level competitive badminton players. We conducted a controlled trial involving 20 male badminton players (age 12.85±0.67 years). Participants were stratified according to their level of performance in the game, and payers from each stratum were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The control group (n = 8) engaged in 2 hours of ordinary badminton training, whereas the intervention group (n = 12) underwent 30 minutes of balance training followed by 1 hour and 30 minutes of ordinary badminton training, 2 days per week for 8 weeks. We tested the participants at baseline and after 8 weeks for static balance (Unipedal Stance Test), dynamic balance (Star Excursion Balance Test) and sport-specific footwork performance (shuttle run time and push-off times during stroke-play). On pre- vs. post-intervention comparisons, both groups improved in static balance (eyes opened) (p
... Bulu tangkis adalah salah satu olahraga paling populer di dunia dan merupakan permainan raket cepat yang ditandai dengan intensitas tinggi, tindakan intermiten. latihan pemain bulutangkis ditentukan oleh hubungan kecepatan, kelincahan, fleksibilitas, kekuatan bahu, kekuatan ledakan, dan daya tahan otot (Sakurai & Ohtsuki, 2000;Zhao & Li, 2019). Bulutangkis atau Badminton adalah olahraga raket yang dimainkan oleh dua orang (untuk tunggal), atau dua pasang (untuk ganda) yang mengambil posisi berlawanan di bidang lapangan yang dibagi dua oleh sebuah net Aksan, (2013). ...
Tujuan Kegitan Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah utuk melatih kondisi fisik atlit bulu tangkis Koni kota Mataram. PKM dilaksanakan di Koni Kota Mataram dengan Mitra Atlet Bulu tangkis yang berjumlah berjumlah 12 atlet yang sudah di verivikasi oleh KONI Kota Mataram. Metode yangg digunakan adalah pendekatan terpadu melalui implemetasi pendamping pelatihan yang sesuai dengan siklus kegiatan pelatihan yang terstandar, yang meliputi analisis kebutuhan pelatihan, perencanaan pelatihan, penyusunan bahan pelatihan, pelaksanaan pelatihan, dan evaluasi pelatihan. Adapun pelaksaan kegitan dengan tahapan-tahapan sebagai berikut; 1) Sosialisasi atau pemaparan materi 2) peyusunan materi Pendamping Pelatihan peyusunan tes kondisi fisik, 3) pendampingan dalam mengimplementasikan Pelatihan, 4) Evaluasi dan analisis Pelatihan peyusunan instrumen tes serta pengukuran kegiatan. Hasil Pendampingan pelatihan antara lain; 1) kondisi fisik atlet bulu tangkis KONI Kota Mataram, sebagai bahan rujukan dalam sehingga dapat merumuskan program latihan untuk meningkatkan prestasi atlet, dan 2) peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan tentang melaksanakan latihan fisik, Teknik, taktik, psikologisnya. Rekomendasi Diharapkan dari hasil pelatihan yang telah didapatkan oleh atlet dapat di mengaplikasikan pada proses latihan untuk merumuskan program latihan. Sehingga atlet juga harus meningkatkan keterampilan secara terus menerus, sebagai wujud dari profesionalismenya seorang atlet. Dengan adanya Pendampingan pelatihan kondisi fisik atlet bulu tangkis Koni Kota Mataram dapat teratasi oleh kegiatan pendampingan pelatihan sehingga memberikan dampak positif untuk meningkatkan prestasi atlet KONI Kota Mataram secara terprogram dan sistematis.
Mataram City Koni Badminton Athlete Training
The purpose of this Community Partnership Activity (PKM) is to train the physical condition of the Koni badminton athletes in the city of Mataram. PKM was held at Koni Mataram City with Badminton Athlete Partners totaling 12 athletes who had been verified by KONI Mataram City. The method used is an integrated approach through the implementation of training assistants in accordance with a standardized training activity cycle, which includes training needs analysis, training planning, preparation of training materials, training implementation, and training evaluation. The implementation of activities with the following stages; 1) Dissemination or presentation of materials 2) Compilation of materials for Training Facilitators in the preparation of physical condition tests, 3) Assistance in implementing training, 4) Evaluation and analysis of training in the preparation of test instruments and measurement of activities. The results of the training assistance include; 1) the physical condition of the KONI badminton athletes in Mataram City, as reference material so that they can formulate training programs to improve athlete performance, and 2) increase understanding and skills in carrying out physical, technical, tactical, psychological exercises. Recommendations It is hoped that the results of the training that have been obtained by athletes can be applied to the training process to formulate an exercise program. So athletes also have to improve skills continuously, as a manifestation of the professionalism of an athlete. With training assistance, the physical condition of the Mataram City KONI badminton athletes can be overcome by training mentoring activities so that it has a positive impact on improving the achievements of Mataram City KONI athletes in a programmatic and systematic manner
