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(a) A PCB is showing metallic pads of the MCU and vacuum sensor. (b) SMD components are soldered using SMT soldering technique. (c) A PCB with all of its components soldered on it.
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The potential of peripheral nerves to regenerate under the effect of axial tensile forces was not previously extensively explored due to the lack of capabilities of translating ex vivo axonal stretch-growth to in vivo studies, until the development of a nerve stretcher. The nerve stretcher, which we have designed and manufactured recently, is a dev...
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... vacuum sensor, which were soldered using surface mount technique (SMT). Additionally, electrical wires were soldered to the terminals of the micro-vacuum pump and solenoid valve, to make them get connected conveniently to their respective male-header pins (P1 and P2). For SMD soldering, the individual pads of the components on the PCB, shown in Fig. 3(a), were cleaned with isopropyl alcohol (Diggers, AU). Subsequently, a smooth coating of solder-flux was applied on the pads, followed by a smooth layer of solder-paste. The pads were then heated gently with the tip of a soldering iron (Tip temperature: 250 °C) to uniformly deposit the solder paste on them. The flux facilitated the ...
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Integration of mechanical cues in conventional 2D or 3D cell culture platforms is an important consideration for in vivo and ex vivo models of lung health and disease. Available commercial and published custom-made devices are frequently limited in breadth of applications, scalability, and customization. Herein we present a technical report on an o...
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... Важно заметить, что при получении всех этих данных не регистрировалось изменение жёсткости мышц голени и бедра; этот факт позволяет судить о том, что растяжение седалищного нерва может увеличить объём движений в кинематически связанных структурах -позвоночнике и голе-дикторы нейрорегенераторного процесса -признаки аксонального роста, что свидетельствует о стимуляции процесса восстановления под действием РН. На основании полученных обнадеживающих результатов было разработано оригинальное устройство -«растяжитель нервов», в котором используется контролируемое осевое растяжение путём создания отрицательного давления к культе нерва для ускорения темпов регенерации [53]. ...
Objective: to investigate pathophysiology and biomechanics of the nerve stretching and to form a biomechanical model of a nerve stretch injury. Materials and methods. We analyzed and summarized the data from open access sources (eLibrary, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed) with unlimited search depth. A search was performed using the following keywords: растяжение нерва (English: nerve stretching), stretching nerve, biomechanical nerve stretching, nerve stretching injury. Results. Here are presented key historical information and biochemical, neurophysiological, and biomechanical events related to a nerve stretch injury. Objective experimental data on the nerve stretching process are summarized. Conclusions. A nerve is a heterogeneous elastic cord, which can be slightly stretched under physiological conditions due to the involvement of its sheath structures. In a stretched nerve, ischemic lesions have an early onset and further become irreversible. Nerve conduction disorders occur, resulting in a severe neurological deficit. When the nerve is stretched by more than a third, it ruptures and the sequence in which fragmented neural structures occur during nerve tension remains unclear.
... The left sciatic nerve of each rat was cut and placed into a silicone T-tube (with ~7 mm gap) to which negative pressure was applied using a customized portable suction device with digital pressure monitor. 39 The rats were divided into 4 groups: control (no pressure), low (−10 mm Hg), medium (−20/30 mm Hg) and high (−50/70 mm Hg). The rats were monitored continuously via cameras to ensure their welfare while the negative pressure was recorded to ensure stability with an allowed fluctuation of ±2 mm Hg. ...
Background: Various modalities to facilitate nerve regeneration have been described in the literature with limited success. We hypothesized that negative pressure applied to a sectioned peripheral nerve would enhance nerve regeneration by promoting angiogenesis and axonal lengthening.
Methods: Wistar rats’ sciatic nerves were cut (creating ~7 mm nerve gap) and placed into a silicone T-tube, to which negative pressure was applied. The rats were divided into 4 groups: control (no pressure), group A (low pressure: 10 mm Hg), group B (medium pressure: 20/30 mm Hg) and group C (high pressure: 50/70 mm Hg). The nerve segments were retrieved after 7 days for gross and histological
analysis.
Results: In total, 22 rats completed the study. The control group showed insignificant nerve growth, whereas the 3 negative pressure groups showed nerve growth and nerve gap reduction. The true nerve growth was highest in group A (median: 3.54 mm) compared to group B, C, and control (medians: 1.19 mm, 1.3 mm, and 0.35 mm); however, only group A was found to be significantly different to the control
group (**P < 0.01). Similarly, angiogenesis was observed to be significantly greater in group A (**P < 0.01) in comparison to the control.
Conclusions: Negative pressure stimulated nerve lengthening and angiogenesis within an in vivo rat model. Low negative pressure (10 mm Hg) provided superior results over the higher negative pressure groups and the control, favoring axonal growth. Further studies are required with greater number of rats and longer recovery time to assess the functional outcome.
(Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
2021;9:e3568; doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003568; Published online 13 May 2021.)
Axons respond well to mechanical stimuli and can be stretched mechanically to increase their growth rate. Although stretch growth of axons and their transient lengthening ex-vivo has been discussed in literature extensively, however, real applications of this phenomenon are scarcely found. This work presents a technique to translate ex-vivo axonal stretch growth to in-vivo nerve stretch growth. By establishing a rat model of completely transected sciatic nerve injury, the regrowth rate of the proximal nerve stump was examined under the effect of a stretching force developed by negative pressure. In this manuscript, results have been presented based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the stained nerve tissues. Gross observations have explicitly confirmed that the proximal stump of a whole sectioned sciatic nerve of a Wistar rat stretched in a T-shaped nerve prosthesis using a controlled amount of negative pressure displayed a better outcome in terms of an increase in the total length of proximal nerve stump post-treatment and a higher number of blood vessels with respect to control. The histological and morphometric analyses confirmed that negative pressure-assisted nerve growth provides an alluring control over nerve’s regrowth rate. Immunohistochemical staining also supported the existence of a positive correlation between nerve growth and in-vivo application of axial stress on it. This work presents the first holistic evidence on growing nerves in the continuum of in-vivo nerve stretch growth using negative pressure and concludes that systematic and controlled negative pressure applied directly to the resected ends of a sciatic nerve resulted in the enhanced growth rate of regenerating nerve fibres.
The Cube Satellites short named as CubeSat, have received significant attention. Most essentially, advanced CubeSat missions have been developed and demonstrated thus the CubeSat has very quickly become the key for future space industry. However, one of the main Cubesat constraints is the on-board electrical subsystem, which needs to have better increased value of the available power. This paper describes the design and manufacturing process of a standard deployable solar panel system, which can be used on-single board (1U), double (2U) and triple (3U) Cubesat. The system developed is the basis for an active approach, which will allow better control for maneuvering capability, comparing different deployment concepts and architectures. We have realized a prototype of the system for a 1U Cubesat, based on MEMS technologies highlighting the active method for deployment mechanisms. Additionally, an experimental investigation of the proposed solution based on an online design and manufacturing process has been proven. Also, we have fabricated and tested a demonstration model of a printed circuit board using 3D software, achieved the functionality of the mechanism under various test conditions and verified the structural safety of the proposed solution in a launch vibration environment through sinus and random vibration tests at the qualification level.
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