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Zasmidium spp. A-C. Disease symptoms caused by Zasmidium cyatheae (ex-type CPC 24725). A, B. Frond spots on Cyathea delgadii. C. Erumpent subcuticular ascomata, fruiting epiphyllous. D-F. Sexual morph of Zasmidium cyatheae (ex-type CPC 24725). D. Ascoma. E. Asci. F. Ascospores. G-R. Asexual morph. G-L. Conidiophores. G. Zasmidium biverticillatum (CBS 335.36). H. Zasmidium citri-griseum (ex-epitype CBS 139467). I. Zasmidium fructigenum (ex-type CBS 139626). J. Zasmidium indonesianum (ex-type CBS 139627). K. Zasmidium musigenum (ex-type CBS 365.36). L. Zasmidium strelitziae (ex-type CBS 121711). M-Q. Conidiophores. M. Zasmidium biverticillatum (CBS 335.36). N. Zasmidium biverticillatum (CBS 335.36). O. Zasmidium citri-griseum (ex-epitype CBS 139467). P. Zasmidium fructicola (ex-type CBS 139625). Q. Zasmidium musigenum (ex-type CBS 365.36). R. Primary and secondary conidia of Zasmidium cellare (ex-neotype CBS 146.36). Scale bars: 10 μm. Pictures A-F taken from Guatimosim et al. (2016); G, K-N, Q, R from Arzanlou et al. (2007); H-J, O, P from Huang et al. (2015).
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p>This paper represents the third contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions, information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera, as well as primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species included in these. Th...
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This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera...
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... accessed on 25 May 2024) was established to provide updated descriptions of each genus of plant pathogenic fungi, ensuring the application of the genus name whenever possible. It also provides a general description of currently accepted species, their DNA barcodes, and relevant literature [17,[39][40][41]. ...
Mexico generates specific phytosanitary regulations for each product and origin to prevent the entry of quarantine pests and/or delay their spread within the national territory, including fungi and oomycetes. Phytosanitary regulations are established based on available information on the presence or absence of these pathogens in the country; however, the compilation and precise analysis of reports is a challenging task due to many publications lacking scientific rigor in determining the presence of a taxon of phytosanitary interest in the country. This review evaluated various studies reporting the presence of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes in Mexico and concluded that some lists of diseases and phytopathogenic organisms lack technical-scientific basis. Thus, it highlights the need and presents an excellent opportunity to establish a National Collection of Fungal Cultures and a National Herbarium for obligate parasites, as well as to generate a National Database of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes present in Mexico, supported by the combination of morphological, molecular, epidemiological, pathogenicity, symptom, and micrograph data. If
realized, this would have a direct impact on many future applications related to various topics, including quarantines, risk analysis, biodiversity studies, and monitoring of fungicide resistance, among others.
... The correct pathogen identification is a decisive step in designing efficient control measures for corn crops. Research on corn leaf blight based on molecular atributes is recent (Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2018;Marin-Felix et al. 2019;Turgay et al. 2020). Individual molecular markers can be used as a barcode for Exserohilum. ...
The control of corn diseases, such as leaf blights caused by fungi of the genus Exserohilum, has been the object of much research. Studies on the genetic diversity and pathogenicity of isolates are essential for developing more effective control strategies. This study aimed to identify and characterize Exserohilum isolates associated with leaf blight in corn fields in different regions of Brazil and evaluate the pathogenicity of these isolates. Symptomatic corn leaves were collected from different regions of Brazil. The fungi were isolated in the PDA medium, and the colonies were morphologically characterized. The DNA of the isolates was extracted and used to sequence the ITS and GAPDH regions. The obtained sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis from sequences of 27 other isolates already sequenced and registered in a molecular database. The pathogenicity of isolates representing each region was tested in the popcorn line susceptible to leaf blight (L55). Nine Exserohilum isolates were collected in three regions of Brazil. The phylogenetic analysis allowed the identification of two Exserohilum species: eight E. turcicum and one E. rostratum i. The lesions caused by E. rostratum were shorter in length and had a lighter colour compared to those caused by E. turcicum on the leaves. The five tested isolates showed high pathogenicity when inoculated into the susceptible popcorn line.
... es un género amplio de hongos ascomicetes, polifilético , patógeno de plantas, popularmente conocido como sigatoka (Hernández-Mancilla et al., 2016). Zasmidium rothmannia es un género de hongos fitopatógenos (Marin et al., 2019). De acuerdo a Lee y col. ...
La urgencia de realizar este estudio, es que debido a la alta contaminación del agua de
la Bahía de Panamá, los aerosoles producidos por esta deberán tener un elevado grado
de contaminantes microbiológicos lo que podrá afectar la salud de la población aledaña,
en donde se encuentran hospitales importantes, áreas residenciales y comerciales,
mercados público y de marisco, y áreas recreativas como son la Cinta Costera I, II y III.
También, se podrán utilizar las tecnologías estandarizadas, para evaluar el
funcionamiento de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales del proyecto de
saneamiento de la Ciudad y Bahía de Panamá. Los resultados presentados en este
estudio podrán ser utilizados por las autoridades competentes del MINSA, para definir
los parámetros microbiológicos y mejorar estacionalmente, la seguridad microbiológica
de los puntos estudiados.
... Furthermore, the bootstrap (UFBoot) support values agreed with the Bayesian posterior probability (PP). The results demonstrate that the isolate LEMIDDiAaPR20-0 grouped with the type species of Alternaria alternata (CBS 595.93), with an equal UFBoot value to 100 and PP equal to 1.0, forming a robust monophyletic group (Fig. 2) indicating that they are the same species (Woudenberg et al. 2015;Marin-Felix et al. 2019). Alternaria species cause leaf spots on different species of the genus Datura (Aktaruzzaman at al. 2015, Blagojević et al. 2020, Bozoğlu et al. 2022. ...
In 2020, leaf spots were observed on Datura innoxia plants in Curitiba, Brazil. Alternaria alternata was identified after isolation from symptomatic leaves through morphological characterization, along with sequencing of the partial tef, gapdh, and rpb2 genes and phylogenetic analysis. Pathogenicity was proven using Koch’s Postulates. This is the first report of this species causing disease in Datura spp. worldwide.
... The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted January 16, 2024. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.16.575387 doi: bioRxiv preprint (Marin-Felix et al., 2019). The genus Fusarium was significantly lower abundant in SSA40 550 as well in this study. ...
Rock phosphate is a non-renewable primary source for mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers that intensive agriculture is highly dependent on. To avoid P fertilizer shortages and limit negative environmental impacts, circular economy approaches are needed with recycling-derived fertilizer (RDF) applications such as struvites and ashese. Hence, a grassland field trial was conducted with four RDFs, two struvites (potato wastewater, municipal wastewater) and two ashes (poultry-litter ash, sewage-sludge ash) at a P application rate of 40 kg P ha-1 (n=5). The impact of the RDFs on the soil microbial P cycling community was compared to conventional mineral P-fertiliser and a P-free control. Topsoil samples were taken directly after Lolium perenne grass cuts at months three, fife and 15. Cultivable phosphonate and phytate utilizing bacteria, potential acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity, and phoC and phoD copy numbers responded stronger to seasonal effects than treatment effects. No significant overall effect of the fertilizer application was detected in the beta diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities after 15 months, but individual phylogenetic groups were affected by the treatments. The ash treatments demonstrated some distinguishing results across the bacterial and fungal community, with significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Rokubacteria and lower relative abundance of Actinobacteriota. Sewage-sludge ash had significantly lowest abundances of genera Bacillus and Bradyrhizobium (month 15s) that are well known for their P cycling abilities. The struvite RDFs either positively influenced the P cycling microbial community or did not affect it at all, while demonstrating better tri-calcium phosphate solubilizing capabilities after the 3 months harvest. These findings indicate that struvites could be a suitable replacement for conventional P fertilizers in the future.
... A total of 30 epithets are listed for the genus Veronaea in Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org/; accessed on 11 November 2023), 10 of them have been transferred to other genera, especially five of which were transferred to the genus Ramichloridium (de Hoog & Hermanides-Nijhof 1977, Sutton 1978, de Hoog et al. 1983, Arzanlou et al. 2007, Videira et al. 2017, Marin-Felix et al. 2019. A comparison of the morpho-taxonomic features of all Veronaea species is presented in TABLE 2. Veronaea is similar to Ramichloridium in having sympodial conidiogenous cells with unpigmented to faintly pigmented conidial scars (de Hoog et al. 1983, Arzanlou et al. 2007). ...
During an ongoing survey on microfungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China, several specimens of hyphomycetous fungi were collected from decaying branches of Betulaceae plants. Through morphological analysis and a multi-locus phylogenetic study based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the internal transcribed spacer, the large subunit ribosomal RNA, and the partial beta-tubulin region, we have identified that these new collections belong to the genus Veronaea, leading us to propose Veronaea polyconidia sp. nov. According to multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, V. polyconidia represents a sister clade to V. botryosa. Morphologically, V. polyconidia is distinct from V. botryosa by its relatively larger conidia and longer conidiophores. Detailed morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are provided. Additionally, the phylogenetic findings in this study, along with morphological comparisons, indicate that V. constricta is conspecific with V. botryosa. Prioritizing the oldest epithet, we have synonymized V. constricta under V. botryosa. These findings not only broaden our understanding of the fungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China but also enhance our comprehension of the broader genus Veronaea.
... The species identity of the 17 strains was verified according to Marin-Felix et al. (2019) using DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the coding regions of the genes for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). These regions were amplified in a PCR Thermal Cycler Dice (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan) using AmpliTaq Gold 360 (Applied Biosystems, Waltham, MA, USA) at an initial 95°C for 10 min; 35 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 58°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 60 s; and a final 72°C for 7 min. ...
... This is the first report of identification of tan spot pathogens in Japan as P. tritici-repentis by current genetic methods and the inference of their races from the presence of Tox genes (Figs. 1, 2, Table 1). 17 strains were identified as P. tritici-repentis with ITS, gapdh and rpb2 sequence by current phylogenetic analysis according to Marin-Felix et al. (2019), a pairwise distances of them were very low and not characterized them by wheat species or cultivar from which they were isolated, or the collection site and year (Fig. 1, Table 1 Molecular-based race identification of tan spot fungus in Japan Breeding Science Preview cultivar were differed (Hafez et al. 2022). We deduced from these reports that identification of P. tritici-repentis could be succeeded, but not clustered the collected information of 17 strains by phylogenetical analysis. ...
Tan spot, a foliar disease of Triticum spp. such as bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) caused by the filamentous fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler leads to serious losses of crop yield and quality in some areas in Japan. P. tritici-repentis is classified into eight races according to the combinations of three necrotrophic effectors, PtrToxA, PtrToxB, and PtrToxC encoded by ToxA, ToxB, and ToxC1, respectively. Race classification has been based on reaction of a differential variety to necrotrophic effectors, which is tested by inoculation. Recent identification of the Tox genes and development of specific DNA markers have enabled us to classify races of P. tritici-repentis collected in Japan by Tox gene genotyping. We found that 17 strains collected from Triticum spp. in Japan were mainly race 1 or 2, because they carried ToxA as a toxin gene by current race classification; wheat genotype tsn1 is resistant to ToxA. Establishment of wheat cultivars carrying tsn1 would be most effective for decreasing agronomic losses caused by the disease in Japan.
... Three single-spore cultures were used for DNA extraction and morphological analysis. The protocols of Marin- Pyrenophora avenicola has been reported to infect oats in Sweden (Marin-Felix et al., 2019) and China (Chen et al., 2022) but this is the first report of the species causing leaf spot disease on barley worldwide. The results of this study will provide a better understanding of the aetiology of leaf spot diseases affecting barley in the humid subtropical climate of southern Brazil. ...
... Curvularia exhibits similar morphological characteristics to Bipolaris, Pyrenophora, Drechslera, and Exserohilum species (Manamgoda et al. 2015, Marin-Felix et al. 2019. However, conidial curvature in Curvularia differs from Bipolaris by having inordinately enlarged intermediate cells that influence its conidial curvature, while the conidial curvature occurs throughout the conidial length in Bipolaris. ...
... Besides, the asexual morph of Curvularia resembles Pyrenophora; thus, only the sexual morph can be used to distinguish species between these two genera (Marin-Felix et al. 2020). Therefore, molecular analyses are essential in species delineation among these genera (Tan et al. 2014, Marin-Felix et al. 2019. ...
... Members of Pleosporales and Venturiales show saprobic lifestyles as the ancestral state. However, both Curvularia and Verruconis have plant pathogens switched from the saprobic state, clustering at the terminal nodes in phylogenetic trees, which is a common evolutionary characteristic at the class level (Dothideomycetes) (Crous et al. 2009, Samerpitak et al. 2016, Marin-Felix et al. 2019, Haridas et al. 2020, Jayawardena et al. 2021. The identification of this evolutionary switch has significant implications for Dothideomycetes taxonomy and evolutionary studies. ...
Fungi are adapted to diverse environments, where the forest soils have complex fungal communities with a wide range of lifestyles. This study aims to explore and isolate Dothideomycetes from the forest soils in Thailand. Sampling sites were located in Chiang Rai and Krabi provinces. Cultures were obtained through soil dilution series, and the strains were subjected to morphological observations and multigene phylogenetic analyses for identification. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted to clarify their phylogenetic affinities using partial nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS, LSU, and SSU) and the protein-coding genes (tef1-α and GADPH). Herein, two new species (Curvularia chiangraiensis sp. nov. and Verruconis soli sp. nov.) and two new records (C. chiangmaiensis and V. thailandica) are described based on the morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Curvularia chiangraiensis sp. nov. is distinguished by its relatively smaller conidia and the presence of sympodial proliferation of conidiogenesis and Verruconis soli sp. nov. exhibits micronematous conidiophores and obovoid conidia that transform into sub-cylindrical or ellipsoidal shapes, and becoming 1-septate when mature. These unique characteristics set them apart from closely related taxa. The newly described taxa have been subjected to a thorough comparison with closely related species, enabling a comprehensive analysis. The study offers detailed descriptions and includes high-quality micrographs, with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of these newly identified taxa
... The majority of these genera are now classified within Sordariomycetes, such as Cacumisporium, Craspedodidymum, Curvichaeta, Fusichloridium, Kylindrochaeta and Phialogeniculata in Chaetosphaeriales (Wu & Diao 2022), Dischloridium and Phaeochloridium in Glomerellales (Sutton 1976, Wu & Diao 2022, Myrmecridium in Myrmecridiales (Arzanlou et al. 2007), and Rhamphoriopsis and Xylolentia in Rhamphoriales (Wu & Diao 2022, Yang et al. 2023. Within the class Dothideomycetes, Globoramichloridium is placed in the order Capnodiales (Marin-Felix et al. 2019), while Acrodontium, Mycosphaerella, Ramichloridium and Zasmidium are established in Mycosphaerellales (de Hoog 1972, 1977, Braun et al. 2003, Videira et al. 2016. Hyaloscypha is placed in Helotiales, Leotiomycetes (Fehrer et al. 2018), and Chaetopsis (Saccardo 1880) and Pleurophragmium (Ellis 1976) are listed as genera incertae sedis. ...
In this study, we investigated the morphological and genetic variability of selected species belonging to the genus Chloridium sensu lato , some also referred to as chloridium-like asexual morphs and other undescribed morphologically similar fungi. These species do not conform to the revised generic concept and thus necessitate a re-evaluation in terms of taxonomy and phylogeny. The family Chaetosphaeriaceae ( Chaetosphaeriales ) encompasses a wide range of asexual morphotypes, and among them, the simplest form is represented by Chloridium sect. Chloridium . The morphological simplicity of the Chloridium morphotype has historically led to the amalgamation of numerous unrelated species, thereby creating a heterogeneous genus. By conducting phylogenetic reconstruction of four DNA loci and examining a set of 71 strains, including all available ex-type and other non-type strains as well as holotypes and other herbarium material, we were able to gain new insights into the relationships between these taxa. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the studied species are distantly related to Chloridium sensu stricto and can be grouped into two orders in the Sordariomycetes . Within the Chaetosphaeriales , they formed nine well-separated genera in four clades, such as Cacumisporium , Caliciastrum gen. nov. , Caligospora gen. nov. , Capillisphaeria gen. nov. , Curvichaeta , Fusichloridium , Geniculoseta gen. nov. , Papillospora gen. nov. , and Spicatispora gen. nov. We also established Chloridiopsiella gen. nov. and Chloridiopsis gen. nov. in Vermiculariopsiellales . Four new species and eight new combinations are proposed in these genera. Our study provides a clearer understanding of the genus Chloridium , its relationship to other morphologically similar fungi, and a new taxonomic treatment and molecular phylogeny to facilitate their accurate identification and classification in future research.
