Fig 9 - uploaded by Ronald Petersen
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Gymnopus setulosus, described from Jamaica, is now known from the
Caribbean, Central and tropical South America. Apparently, Lentinus pilosus Rick,
described from southern Brazil, is a synonym. The species belongs in Xerula sect.
Xerula, and a new combination is proposed to accommodate this placement. Xerula
hispida, described from Costa Rica, appe...
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... as to its identity cannot be rendered. From its diminutive, gracile stature, semi-tropical topotype, and comprehensive data from other authors (see above), we conclude that it is a synonym of Murrill's Gymnopus setulosus. As a later name, consideration of Xerula pilosa does not threaten Murrill's epithet. Halling & G.M. Muell. 1999 Basidiomata ( Fig. 9) diminutive, gracile, pseudorhizal. Pileus 8-45 mm broad, umbonate to depressed-umbonate, dry, fibrillose-hispid, sometimes hygrophanous, usually radially puckered, striate; umbo "olive brown, " "dark olive, " "olive buff, " "sayal brown, " "buffy brown" (6-7E-F5-7); margin "tawny olive, " "olive buff, " to cream with yellow-brown ...
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A new genus, Kanoia, n. gen., is erected for an unnamed seguenzioid gastropod species, now known from several methane seeps off California, in Gulf of California and off Costa Rica, and named Kanoia myronfeinbergi n. sp. It differs from K. meroglypta (n. comb.) a Caribbean species, mainly in having fewer spiral ridges on the shell, a lower spire an...
Citations
... Clemencon [22] also treated Xerula as one of the five subgenera in Oudemansiella. Dörfelt [23], however, retained Oudemansiella and Xerula as two independent genera and this was adopted by other researchers [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Pegler and Young [35] divided Oudemansiella into 5 sections under the two subgenera Oudemansiella and Xerula. ...
... Other species were documented in different countries, such as X. australis (Australia), X. fraudulenta (France), X. oronga (D.R. Congo), X. renati (Switzerland, as Oudemansiella renati) and X. setulosa (Jamaica, as Gymnopus setulosus) [28,[60][61][62][63]. The latter species was also documented in Brazil and Belize [27,64]. Generally, the species are similar to Hymenopellis in being saprobic, and their basidiomata are attached to rotten wood, which is often buried deep beneath leaf litter or soil [10]. ...
... Xerulins (27) with their derivatives, di-hydro-xerulin (28) and xerulinic acid (29) (Figure 8) were isolated from Oudemansiella melanotricha. These compounds act as inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. ...
The oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula are genera of Basidiomycota that constitute an important resource of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioac-tivities of their extracts. The bioactive principles can be divided into two major groups: (a) hydrophilic polysaccharides with relatively high molecular weights and (b) low molecular medium polar secondary metabolites, such as the antifungal strobilurins. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on biodiversity, cultivation of the fungi and bioactivities of their secondary metabolites and discuss future applications. Although the strobilurins are well-documented, with commercial applications as agrochemical fungicides, there are also other known compounds from this group that have not yet been well-studied. Polysaccharides, dihydro-citrinone phenol A acid, scalusamides, and acetylenic lactones such as xerulin, also have potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medicinal market and should be further explored. Further studies are recommended to isolate high quality bioactive compounds and fully understand their modes of action. Given that only few species of oudemansielloid/xeruloid mushrooms have been explored for their production of secondary metabolites, these taxa represent unexplored sources of potentially useful and novel bioactive metabolites.
... Xerula setulosa is characterized by its strongly pubescent basidioma, yellowish brown to dark brown pileus surface, orange brown stipe, pure white lamellae, globose smooth spores, and numerous cystidia (Wang & al. 2008). It was originally described from Brazil by Rick (1938) under the illegitimate name Lentinus pilosus [≡ Xerula pilosa (Singer 1954); ≡ Oudemansiella pilosa (Singer 1962b)]; however, Petersen & Baroni (2007) synonymized these names under Xerula setulosa. ...
... Xerula setulosa seems closely related to X. hispida because of its strongly pubescent basidioma and the presence of a pseudorhiza (Petersen & Baroni 2007, Rodríguez-Alcántar & Herrera-Fonseca 2016. However, X. hispida is distinguished by microscopic characters, such as bisporic basidia and the presence of clamp connections. ...
... However, X. hispida is distinguished by microscopic characters, such as bisporic basidia and the presence of clamp connections. Petersen & Baroni (2007) hypothesized that X. hispida might represent an asexual state of X. setulosa, but unpublished molecular studies by Wang & al. (2008) placed the two species in different clades. On the other hand, Halling & Mueller (1999) reported absence of clamp connections in X. hispida. ...
A collection of Xerula setulosa is recorded for the first time from Argentina. This species was previously reported from Central America and Brazil. A complete description of the specimens, photographs in the natural habitat, and illustrations of diagnostic microscopic characters are presented. Comments regarding the distribution and related species are provided.
... Recent molecular and phylogenetic studies showed that species covered by dense long hairs, such as Xerula hispida Halling & G.M. Muell. (1999) and X. setulosa (Murrill) R.H. Petersen & T.J. Baroni (2007), form a well supported clade while non-hispid species of Xerula Maire and Oudemansiella Speg. s. str. ...
A recent collection of Oudemansiella steffenii from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, is described and compared to the type of O. macracantha, which is lectotypified here. Photographs of both basidiomes and microstructures are also provided.
... Xerula as two separate genera (Dörfelt 1979;Boekhout & Bas 1986;Redhead et al. 1987;Petersen & Halling 1993;Petersen & Methven 1994;Corner 1994Corner , 1996Boekhout 1999;Halling & Mueller 1999;Contu 2000;Petersen 2000;Mueller et al. 2001;Petersen & Hughes 2005;Horak 2005;Petersen & Nagasawa 2006;Petersen & Baroni 2007;Petersen 2008aPetersen , 2008bPetersen , 2008c canarii (Dörfelt 1979(Dörfelt , 1980a(Dörfelt , 1980b(Dörfelt , 1981(Dörfelt , 1983(Dörfelt , 1984. ...
Xerula radicata var. setosa var. nov. and three new records of the family Physalacriaceae, Agaricales from the Indian subcontinent three new records of the family Physalacriaceae, Agaricales from the Indian subcontinent. Abstract As an outcome of fungal forays, a number of collections of genera Strobilurus and Xerula were made from Kashmir, Himalaya. These collections were analyzed taxonomically as per the standard methodology. In the present paper, three species of the genus Xerula viz. X. furfuracea, X. radicata var. setosa var. nov., X. kenyae and one species of the genus Strobilurus namely S. tenacellus are discussed. Among these species, one new variety is proposed viz. Xerula radicata var. setosa var. nov. and the other three species are reported for the first time from India. Full descriptions, field photographs, microphotographs, drawings of macroscopic and microscopic features and a key to the explored taxa are provided.
Species of Oudemansiella are distributed worldwide mainly in tropical to south temperate zones. Morphological identification
of the species is usually complex and may even be ambiguous, especially for O. canarii and O. cubensis, since they share many
similar characters. They have been considered synonyms by several authors. There are no recent descriptions or detailed illustrations of
Oudemansiella species from Argentina, and molecular data are practically null. In this work these species were described and illustrated
making use of new collections, culture data, and nrITS phylogenetic analysis. It was not possible on the basis of the results to differentiate
the species macroscopically, but these were differentiated at the microscopic level, mainly by their pileipellis structure. Phylogenetic
analysis from nrITS sequences enabled the molecular identification of these two species, and the cultivation of basidiomes on
lignocellulosic substrate allowed us to affirm that both species have a hemiangiocarpic development.
Forty new records are reported for the mycobiota from San Sebastián de el Oeste, of them six first to Jalisco: Leccinum cyaneobasileucum, Microporellus dealbatus, Polyporus leprieurii, Veloporphyrellus pantoleucus, Xerula radicata and X. setulosa. Until now the total number of taxa were 311 for this municipality.
The morpho-taxonomy of 15 agaric species belonging to Agaricales collected from
dipterocarp forests of Western Ghats of Karnataka is briefly described, discussed and their
geographic distribution in India is presented. Of these, Crepidotus payettensis is reported for the first
time from India. Cyptotrama asprata, Hygrocybe acutoconica, H. alwisii, Oudemansiella furfuracea,
Hypholoma subviride and Lactocollybia epia are reported for the first time from Karnataka State. The
taxonomy of Oudemansiella furfuracea and Hypholoma subviride contravening to the current name
in Index Fungorum is discussed. In addition, a checklist of agarics comprising of 121 species in 55
genera reported from Western Ghats of Karnataka is also provided on the basis of published sources.
Overall, 132 species in 60 genera belonging to Agaricales, Polyporales and Russulales are presented
in this paper.
Cyptotrama was divided into several sections, of which sect. Xerulina was often treated as a separate genus by some mycologists. In this study, collections of Cyptotrama from East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia were studied. For comparison, materials from North America and New Zealand were analyzed. Our multi-gene phylogenetic analyses indicated that Cyptotrama is monophyletic and Xerulina should be treated as a section within the genus Cyptotrama. Different scenarios of morphological character evolution in Cyptotrama are discovered. A total of seven species of Cyptotrama can be recognized from Asia, three of which, C. angustispora, C. glabra and C. shennongjia, are new to science. Meanwhile, three taxa previously placed in Xerulina or Marasmius were proved to be members of Cyptotrama, and the new combinations, namely C. trogioides, C. megaspora, and C. myochroa, are accordingly proposed. A key for the diagnosis of worldwide Cyptotrama species is provided.
