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XRD spectrum of a corn starch, b 5 wt.% NaHSO3, c 10 wt.% NaHSO3, d 15 wt.% NaHSO3, e 20 wt.% NaHSO3 and f 25 wt.% NaHSO3
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Large-scale energy storage systems with low cost and high performance are needed to allow transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems. Solid-state sodium-ion battery is considered as the new generation to replace the commercial lithium-ion battery, due to the abundant sodium resources, cheaper and safer. In this work, new solid polymer...
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The two‐step synthesis of sodium (2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorophenoxy) diethane sulfonate (Na‐TFP) is reported, starting from 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorohydroquinone as the precursor. Compared with conventional aqueous electrolytes such as 0.5 m NaClO4 and Na2SO4, the 0.5 m aqueous solution of Na‐TFP provides higher ionic conductivity over a wide range of temperatu...
Citations
... For example, solid electrolytes based on polymeric pectin are used for the storage of anionic polysaccharide and ammonium iodide salt, exhibiting their maximum ionic conductivity (4.5 × 10 −3 S/cm) at room temperature [24]. Similarly, a polymeric electrolyte based on corn starch with different percentages of sodium bisulfite (Na-HSO3) shows an ionic conductivity of 2.22 × 10 −4 S/cm at room temperature [25]. On the other hand, biopolymers such as chitosan and starch have been studied by different authors in this context [26][27][28], explaining their properties in detail. ...
This work reports on membranes of a combination of chitosan-starch with lithium-modified multiwall carbon nanotubes. One of the most important contributions of this article is the func-tionalization of the surface of multiwall carbon nanotubes by means of an accessible technique that allows for high grafting yields of lithium and their incorporation into a polymeric matrix. The natural compounds chitosan and starch were used as a support to embed the nanotubes, forming membranes with good mechanical stability. A thorough characterization via Raman, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, transmission and scanning electron microscopies and dynamic mechanical analysis is presented here, as well as electrochemical characterization. The composition, structure and mechanical stability of the membranes make them viable candidates to be used as anodes sustainable Li-ion batteries.
... Further, Awang et al. studied flexible solid-state polymer electrolytes comprising corn starch and sodium iodate (NaIO 3 ) 122 or corn starch and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ). 123 They applied these electrolytes as a component for primary sodium batteries assembled with electrodes from commercial batteries available on the market, i.e., MnO 2 -based cathode and Zn-based anode. The corn starch−sodium iodate electrolyte showed a specific conductivity of 1.08 × 10 −4 S cm (Figure 7). ...
In recent years, the growing demand for increasingly advanced wearable electronic gadgets has been commonly observed. Modern society is constantly expecting a noticeable development in terms of smart functions, long-term stability, and long-time outdoor operation of portable devices. Excellent flexibility, lightweight nature, and environmental friendliness are no less important aspects of the choice of mobile electronics. Naturally, electronic devices need efficient portable power sources (batteries and supercapacitors) that meet the above-mentioned requirements. However, most of these power sources use plastic substrates for their manufacture. Hence, this review is focused on research attempts to shift energy storage materials toward sustainable and flexible components. We would like to introduce recent scientific achievements in the application of noncellulosic polysaccharides for flexible electrochemical energy storage devices as constituents in composite materials for both batteries and supercapacitors. In this review, we will summarize the introduction of biopolymers for portable power sources as components to provide sustainable as well as flexible substrates, a scaffold of current collectors, electrode binders, gel electrolyte matrices, separators, or binding scaffolds for whole devices.
... Conjugated polymer is the dominant raw material for organic optoelectronic devices which have been used in a variety of areas [11][12][13][14][15]. These devices have merits such as low cost, flexibility, and multi-functionality, so they may replace traditional inorganic ones in future [16][17][18]. ...
... In Eq. (14), C tfit sol is fitted Csol at time t (min). j, m are the change of Csol during the aggregation process caused by non-doping and doping. ...
... However, Eave for P3HT-doped solution is a double exponential model (Fig. S7). These exponential models are similar with maximum soluble absorbance (ABSmsol: (2), (13)), concentration of soluble conjugated polymer (Csol: (3), (14)), maximum aggregation absorbance (ABSmagg: (6), (15)), and concentration ...
The Roll-to-Roll processing is used in the large-scale industrial production of organic optoelectronic materials, and one common raw material in it is aggregated conjugated polymer. This paper studies the aggregation processes of conjugated polymer (poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) and poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HT)) solutions. The obtained results can be used to guide the production. During the aggregation process of poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) solutions, maximum soluble absorbance (ABSmsol), concentration of soluble conjugated polymer (Csol) continually decreases. Maximum aggregated absorbance (ABSmagg), concentration of aggregated conjugated polymer (Cagg) continually increases during the aggregation. These parameters can be fitted by an exponential model with different coefficients, and the relationship between ABSmagg and Cagg is a Gaussian model. The relationship of concentration of aggregated conjugated polymer with Hansen Solubility Parameter (HSP) and the changing rate of Cagg ('Cagg) all follow the exponential model well. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) solutions have the same rules as P3HS solutions. In this paper, the phenomena of the aggregation process are explained by Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) and average photon energy (Eave). All conjugated polymer solutions in this paper form J-aggregates with decreasing Eave. This may be a feature for all conjugated polymer solutions with J-aggregates and reflects the decreasing of Gibbs free energy in these aggregation processes. This work provides a simple way for scholars to get more information from already widely used UV–Vis absorption spectra. Researchers can get the relationship between the concentration of conjugated polymer of an aggregation status and the absorbance of UV–Vis absorption spectra of conjugated polymer solutions.
