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... emission scanning microscopy FESEM images, as shown in the Figures 1 (a, b) demonstrate the morphology of polyaniline undoped emeraldine base type of powder polyaniline. The image scanning of FESEM samples is taken at profound amplifications at 5µm and 10µm. The FESEM images show ordinary features of the polymer structure. All images are mostly made out of irregularly composed granular and flakes with sharp edges. In addition, the structure looks more porous. Figure. 1 demonstrate the morphology of polyaniline undoped (EB) powder prepared at 0 o C. It can be seen that the polyaniline particles are highly micro-porous type morphology and able to increase the liquid-solid interfacial region [12][13][14]. The exceedingly porosity nature of the polymer materials and the massed circular morphology was affirmed with a FESEM study. XRD studies were done by using high resolution x-ray diffraction (PANAlaytical X-PERKY Pro MRD PW3040). XRD patterns were recorded in the range 2θ from 20 o -60 o with step width 0.02 o using CuKα1 radiation at λ=1.5406A o . The observed diffraction peaks agreed well with the standard card of polymer with orthorhombic structure. Figure 2 representing the x-ray diffraction of immaculate polyaniline (pure) PANI-EB demonstrates a peak at 22.73 o ; this means the polyaniline is an amorphous nature material, these outcomes are in agreement with previous studies [15][16][17]. For an orthorhombic structure can be estimated from the XRD information of all planes at 2θ values taking into account d- dispersing values. For the specimens, the constants have been resolved and are recorded in Table 1. The interplanar crystallinity distance d, and crystal size were calculated by Bragg's Law and Debye Scherer ...
Context 2
... observed diffraction peaks agreed well with the standard card of polymer with orthorhombic structure. Figure 2 representing the x-ray diffraction of immaculate polyaniline (pure) PANI-EB demonstrates a peak at 22.73 o ; this means the polyaniline is an amorphous nature material, these outcomes are in agreement with previous studies [15][16][17]. For an orthorhombic structure can be estimated from the XRD information of all planes at 2θ values taking into account d- dispersing values. ...
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... The PANI is mostly made up of uneven grains and chips with sharp edges, as can be observed. Furthermore, the structure seems to be totally porous, creating very small polyaniline particles that can expand the liquidsolid interfacial [21,22]. . Due to the repeating of benzenoid and quinoid rings in the PANI chains, this pattern displays poor conductive polymer crystallinity. ...
This work demonstrates a hydrogen (H2) sensor at room temperature made of tapered optical fibers coated with a polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber. A transducing platform was constructed using a multimode optical fiber (MMF) with a 125 μm cladding and a 62.5 μm core diameter. To enhance the light evanescent field surrounding the fiber, the fibers were tapered from 125 μm in diameter to 20 μm in diameter with 10 mm waist and coated PANI using the drop casting tech-nique. Various characterization techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), differential X-ray (XRD), and atomic force microscopy, have been used to establish the PANI’s properties. When H2 is subtracted, the optical properties of the PANI layer change, resulting in a change in light absorption. The fabricated sensor was tested by exposing it to H2 at different concentration from 0.125% to 1%. In this case, the sensitivity , response and recovery times were 15.928/vol%, 110 s and 160 s, respectively. The improved hydro-gen sensor holds great promise
... The PANI is mostly made up of uneven grains and chips with sharp edges, as can be observed. Furthermore, the structure seems to be totally porous, creating very small polyaniline particles that can expand the liquidsolid interfacial [21,22]. . Due to the repeating of benzenoid and quinoid rings in the PANI chains, this pattern displays poor conductive polymer crystallinity. ...
This work demonstrates a hydrogen (H2) sensor at room temperature made of tapered optical fibers coated with a polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber. A transducing platform was constructed using a multimode optical fiber (MMF) with a 125 µm cladding and a 62.5 µm core diameter. In order to enhance the light evanescent field surrounding the fiber, the fibers were tapered from 125 µm in diameter to 20 µm in diameter with 10 mm waist and coated PANI using the drop casting technique. Various characterization techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), differential X-ray (XRD), and atomic force microscopy, have been used to establish the PANI’s properties. When H2 is subtracted, the optical properties of the PANI layer change, resulting in a change in light absorption. The fabricated sensor was tested by exposing it to H2 at different concentration from 0.125% to 1%. In this case, the sensitivity, response, and recovery times were 15.928/vol%, 110 s, and 160 s, respectively. The improved hydrogen sensor holds great promise for environmental and industrial applications due to its ability to operate at room temperature.
In the paperwork, Polyaniline (PANI) and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nano-powders were synthesised using oxidative polymerisation and sol–gel auto-combustion methods, respectively. The samples were studied with varying compositions; PC1 [PANI, 1:0], PC2 [PANI + CdO, 1:1], PC3 [PANI + CdO, 1:2], and PC4 [CdO, 0:1]. There was a steady growth observed in the values for the current–voltage (I–V) plot and these were obtained in the small-scale voltage range, which implied its application areas in lower-voltage varistor industries. Varistors act as surge suppressors that protects the circuits against excessive transient voltages safeguarding the devices and appliances. Varistor market has seen a rise in the demand for metal oxide varistors (MOV) that are eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable. Furthermore, the necessity to obtain efficient and quality varistor has led to the need of the development of advanced technologies for their fabrications, such as blockchain, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies are being used to develop varistors that are capable of surpassing the already existing conventional varistors. The said market also deals with essential properties, such as size, scope, share, potential prospects, and growth of the varistor industry.
Materials with synergistic functionality are of great importance in consumer electronics. We report on the preparation and assessments of Te @ PANI composite for energy conversion and storage application. Initially, (5–15%) Te @ PANI composites were synthesized by the facile, room temperature, time and cost-effective solid-state synthesis technique followed by characterizations using Fourier transform infra-red, UV-Visible, energy dispersive spectroscopic including X-ray diffractometry and field electron scanning microscopy. Te exfoliates polymeric segments of PANI by bonding benzenoid rings through sulphonated impurity sites which have a profound impact on symmetry molecular bond vibrations. Its analysis is presented. In photophysical application, both dark and luminescent I-V measurements have been performed that showed a linear variation with minimum photo-resistance offered by 10% composite and reaching current > 10 mA under 1.5 V biased conditions. In storage response, Te @ PANI supercapacitor devices are dominating in inductive coupling over capacitive coupling by ten times. Corresponding shunt impedance is seen to be favourably lower for 10% composition, and respective charge transfer impedance has also followed identical behaviour over other classes of samples. The quality factor of the device for 10% is found to be almost twelve times better. However, at a low scan rate (10 mV/s), the presence of Te has changed the tendency of ion migration, thereby, reducing the magnitude of ion current by about three times with an increase in Te from 5 to 15%. Thus, fabricated composite demonstrated synergistic aspects of energy.
