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... study the purity and composition of the solution- processed MoO x film, XPS was employed to investigate the film. The results are shown in Fig. 2. Figure 2a shows a full survey scan spectrum of the MoO x film. The whole spectrum of MoO x film shows five individual sharp peaks corresponding to O, Mo and C elements. The peak loca- ted at 399.1 eV corresponds to Mo 3p, showing a nearly stoichiometric MoO x film composition. This was also confirmed by the more intense Mo 3d core ...
Context 2
... study the purity and composition of the solution- processed MoO x film, XPS was employed to investigate the film. The results are shown in Fig. 2. Figure 2a shows a full survey scan spectrum of the MoO x film. The whole spectrum of MoO x film shows five individual sharp peaks corresponding to O, Mo and C elements. ...
Context 3
... Figure 2a shows a full survey scan spectrum of the MoO x film. The whole spectrum of MoO x film shows five individual sharp peaks corresponding to O, Mo and C elements. The peak loca- ted at 399.1 eV corresponds to Mo 3p, showing a nearly stoichiometric MoO x film composition. This was also confirmed by the more intense Mo 3d core level, shown in Fig. 2b. Annealing the MoO x sample in the oxygen deficient N 2 environment therefore presents Mo 5+ and Mo 4+ states that can be attributed to the generation of O-vacancies. In addition to solution-based processing of MoO x film, thermal evaporation process was also applied. Thermal evaporation is commonly used for similar film coating ...
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Citations
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based transparent and conductive films (TCFs) are one of the most prospective materials for novel flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Development of reproducible and scalable doping procedure is the key step towards the widespread implementation of SWCNT TCFs. Here, we thoroughly investigate a dip-coating technique for SWCNT doping as a promising approach for the practical manufacturing of SWCNT films with high performance. We examine the effect of dip-coating parameters on optical and electrical properties of the films using HAuCl4 solution in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and in situ investigate doping effects. This method appeared to easily fine-tune the optoelectronic parameters of SWCNT films and achieve a record sheet resistance value of 36 Ohm/sq. at the 90% transmittance in the middle of visible spectral range by increasing a work function value from 4.8 (for pristine SWCNTs) to 6.0 eV. The proposed approach allows efficient, uniform, and reproducible fabrication of highly conductive and transparent SWCNT films and opens an avenue for precise tailoring of SWCNT Fermi level for optoelectronic devices.
Next-generation of optoelectronic devices require transparent conductive electrodes suitable for light and flexible device construction and compatible with low cost and large-scale production methods. To fulfill these conditions, indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were produced by using a solution-based spin coating technique. Different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into ITO electrodes to improve the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The effect of process parameters including CNT dopant concentration, annealing temperature, and, annealing time were investigated and two-level factorial design was applied to ITO and CNT-ITO hybrid electrodes to support experimental results. The best result in terms of electrical conductivity was obtained by the laboratory type CNT incorporated into ITO with the 0.1 g/L dopant concentration and heat-treatment at 625 °C for 1 h.
Organic-inorganic hybrid solution composing of Continuous Spray Pyrolyzed (CoSP) synthesized molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanorods in poly(3,4-ethylene dioxy thiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were developed to form an effective interconnecting layer for use as a hybrid hole transport layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared to that of pristine PEDOT:PSS based OSCs, the PEDOT:PSS-MoO3 based OSC demonstrates a noticeable advancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), current density, and fill factor due to enhanced the wettability and conductivity of the composite HTL for efficient hole injection. The effect of the applied DC voltage (500 V and 1000 V) to the nozzle during the spray deposition of hybrid PEDOT:PSS-MoO3 HTL on efficient operation of the OSCs was systematically investigated. The surface roughness, compact morphology and hence the electrical conductivity of hybrid HTL are significantly influenced by the applied DC voltages during deposition of film. It is attributed to coulombic fission for better atomization of spray and generating ultrafine homogeneous droplets in corona cone, which fabricate a uniform film over a larger area. Moreover, rise in the work function was also noticed possibly due to the nanostructure formation due to MoO3 nanorods. The use of 500 V and 1000 V during fabrication of the PEDOT:PSS-MoO3 HTL resulted in the ambient condition optimized PTB7:PC71BM based OSCs reaching highest PCE of 4.68% and 5.11%, respectively. This is due to superior interface connection between hybrid HTL and photoactive layer leading to improved charge collection efficiency.
