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X-ray emitting plasma of the Virgo galaxy cluster. By the time dark energy is anticipated to decay, the plasma of the intracluster medium will have condensed into gas. Credit: Max-Planck-Institute für extraterrestrische Physik.
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The potential cosmological and astrobiological implications of neutrinos are considered. Dark energy drives the current phase of accelerating cosmic expansion. Like inflation, it may decay in time to matter and radiation. However, since its energy density is minuscule in comparison, decay would be unlikely to inject such a rich variety of particles...
Citations
... ing a return to the start position.The number 216 is significant for many other reasons.Since 216 63 it has connotations with the Standard Model of physics with its 6 quark, 6 lepton, 6 boson arrangement (excluding antimatter). The relationship 3 three degrees every 216 years and it rotates about its axis by one gradian every 216 seconds. ...
The Great Pyramid's geometry, scaling, orientation and latitude doubly encode the speed of light along with all the requisite base units. Precise knowledge of the orbits of Mars and Venus inspired the Great Pyramid's geometry and the adoption of the pi/6 ~ phi^2/5 cubit:metre ratio. Its scaling relative to the Earth encodes the number of seconds per day. Via the 3:11 Moon:Earth radius ratio, the mile encodes the units of latitude. Stonehenge provides supporting evidence, and presents a map of the world. The layout of Washington D.C. sports the Venus pentagram, a geometric figure encapsulating the golden ratio, used to efficiently summarise the eclipse cycles. Polaris has supplanted Thuban as the North Star of the pharaohs. Tightly synchronised astronomical alignments involving Polaris, Betelgeuse, the galactic centre, the Moon and the Sun occur within minutes of sunrise at the 2100 autumnal equinox, just as the Great Pyramid's indentations are exposed and the Sphinx gazes towards Leo. Betelgeuse, the most luminous star in the sky, will achieve its highest elevation due south, opposite Polaris at its closest approach to celestial north. These discoveries meet the formal statistical criteria of modern science, including the finding that we are not alone. A cosmological model identifying the present and future composition of dark matter, and yielding the first scientific resolutions of the Fermi paradox, affords vital context for interpreting these developments. With the Milky Way already hosting advanced life there is now an opportunity for humanity to demonstrate political, ethical and scientific maturity.
... Neutrinos have the propensity to uniformly pervade the space within galaxies and deliver energy to the interior of planets through their mutual annihilation, exciting the 4s electrons of iron [3,4]. A background neutrino concentration of just one picogram per cubic kilometre suffices to maintain oceans in a liquid state. ...
... Such combinations could have been used, for instance, to code repetition of the r or h keystrokes until the resulting latitude converges at the base resolution. 0.543 Downward run from 5 u3rr [2] 34.5 Decimal point has moved u7rrrh [1] 7.8911 Wraparound and repetition u1rbr [-1] 0.0132 Cursor movement u1rbrfr [1] 1.324 Cursor movements u1rfr [5] 12030 Zero insertions u1rrbf [-2] 0.001235 Advance up by two d9bfr [1] 9.76 Advance down by two u1rrf [-3] 0.000312 Forward rotation u1rrb [1] 2.31 Backward rotation u5rrrrff [1] 8.9567 Double rotation u4rfbfhf [4] 7450.7 A more complex example d2bfrbrfrf [3] 629.78 ...
... Upward and downward directions are treated as equally likely, always necessitating one bit of information. The initial digits (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) are assumed to be equally probable, requiring a further log 2 (9) = 3.170 bits of information. Similarly, the 10 functions and 14 powers are taken as being equally probable: log 2 (10) = 3.322 and log 2 (14) = 3.807 bits respectively. ...
With its extensive network of megalithic structures flaunting incongruous knowledge of mathematics, astronomy, axial precession, geography and physics, this planet has a perplexing history. The shaping and transportation of many stones would tax modern technology. However, global positioning data has begun to cast fresh light on these age-old mysteries. The henge at Avebury, situated at the latitude 2π/7, commemorates the 2016 summer solstice. Stonehenge is a cartographic projection of the world celebrating the transcendental quality of π. The Great Pyramid's latitude, 29.9792N, tallies with the speed of light, 299,792 km/s, its geometry relating cubits to metres and its scaling comparing days to seconds. Latitudinal patterns common to many ancient sites can be efficiently encapsulated using a four symbol coding scheme. Statistical analysis uncovers the same patterns in modern day political buildings at astronomical odds, exposing deficits in entropy 123 standard deviations below baseline levels. Ancient Egyptians did not design the pyramids. The Fermi paradox was recently resolved on multiple counts following the discovery that the internal heating of oceanic planets by neutrinos can efficiently sustain aquatic life long after the stars expire and dark energy decays. As life on Earth has finally apprehended the future evolution and purpose of the universe, external intervention is no longer precluded. Gatekeepers of the cosmos have let their presence be known. The Giza pyramids and the Sphinx presage an extraordinarily rare set of events at the 2100 autumnal equinox when Polaris attains its precessional zenith. Meanwhile, this civilisation is invited to meticulously examine its remaining options.
... Until very recently no testable hypothesis capable of resolving the Fermi paradox had been forthcoming. The one proposal that meets this demand, and already has considerable supporting evidence, strongly suggests that evolution by natural selection is a cosmologically fine-tuned process intended to recruit ethically advanced space colonists with virtuosity in genetics prior to the decay of dark energy to neutrinos via the Unruh effect, when the universe is about five times its present age [2][3][4]. Thereafter, aquatic life could be sustained with an efficiency well above 90% within ice-encrusted oceanic planets by the mutual annihilation of neutrinos. The decay of gravitatioally trapped neutrinos is mediated and thermally regulated by a form of high density iron that is commonly present deep within planets. ...
Angkor Wat was built by the Khmer Empire some 900 years ago. Whilst the Great Pyramid's latitude tallies with the speed of light and, upon conversion to radians, conforms to mathematical definitions of the cubit:metre ratio, Angkor Wat has an intriguing root(180) degree latitude, pertaining to degrees as an angular measure, with the Khmer 'hat' equalling 0.66^2 metres. The site is precisely rotated by one gradian relative to the points of the compass. Every 216 years, axial precession causes the celestial sphere to advance three degrees, the angle subtended by Angkor Wat's westernmost towers as viewed from its main entrance. Whilst alluding to the Standard Model, 216 also signifies the distance/radius ratios of the Sun and Moon, along with the number of seconds the Earth takes to rotate through one gradian. Angkor Wat's 4x5 and 6x7 moat-related geometry, which is scaled by 216 metres, reveals the origins of our 24 hour, 60 minute, 60 second timekeeping system by ingeniously mapping rotation to precession via degrees and gradians. The world's largest religious temple teaches us why there are 180 degrees in pi radians and why a solar day lasts 86400 seconds. These findings confirm that the Great Pyramid's latitude intentionally reflects the speed of light with astonishing accuracy.
... Moreover, the hcp/fcc boundary in iron's phase diagram conveniently lends itself to planetary thermoregulation almost independently of planet size [3]. Key to the scenario is the finding that the cosmic abundance of neutrinos must first be hugely augmented, implicating the future decay of dark energy primarily to galaxy-engulfing active neutrino halos of a mass approaching 10 21 M ⊙ within ∼60 Gyr [10]. ...
... However, there is now reason to believe that impression was premature. Active neutrinos may be capable of internally heating iron-cored oceanic planets on galactic scales, sustaining aquatic life long after the stars have died with impressive efficiency [3,10]. The fact that a technological species has evolved on this planet provides no plausible explanation for this, and neither does happenstance. ...
... The diminutive neutrino mass scale closely coincides with the energy scale associated with the temperature of liquid water. Furthermore, it is small enough to ensure that neutrinos can condense under gravity to form galaxy-enveloping structures supported by fermionic quantum degeneracy [3,10]. ...
Accelerating cosmological expansion is driven by a minuscule vacuum energy density possibly seeking opportunities to decay to a true ground state. Quasar characteristics imply their central engines possess an intrinsic magnetic field compatible with the presence of an electrically charged toroidal dark hole, an eternally collapsing structure lacking an event horizon. The possibility is consistent with the inability of black holes to capture particles in a universe of finite age, Einstein's dismissal of the Schwarzschild metric as unphysical and the implausibility of the various paradoxes invoked by black hole existence. The uncloaked innards of these dark holes would expose immense vacuum accelerations at their cores, inevitably tempered by Planck scale physics. The Unruh effect predicts that intense yet highly localised heating should occur there. As thermal energy gradually amasses and dissipates, radiation would eventually start to escape into the surrounding environment. Virtual from the dark hole perspective, the emissions could not decrease the dark hole's mass: the energy source must instead be the universal vacuum, the likely repository of dark energy. In analogy with core-collapse supernovae, neutrinos should dominate the cooling flows. Red-shifting to low energies upon escape, quantum degenerate haloes should form predominantly around the largest galaxies. This mechanism is promising from the perspective of enabling the future universe to efficiently sustain aquatic life before stars become scarce, offering a biological yet decidedly non-anthropic solution to the cosmological constant problem.
Flapping flight is an energetically demanding yet remarkably effective mode of locomotion exhibited by various species of vertebrates and invertebrates. It demands coordination and spatiotemporal awareness, particularly when contending with adverse weather conditions and airborne predators. Simultaneously, flight imposes stiff constraints on the brain to body mass ratio, thereby demanding the evolution of efficient neural processing. As relatively modest changes in either atmospheric density or gravity can render flight impractical, it is important from an astrobiological perspective to be able to quantify the athleticism of the Earth’s various flying animals. Recently, two approaches have been advanced capable of measuring the instantaneous power expended during flapping flight in wild-ranging animals. The first involves translation of heart-rate measures to oxygen consumption estimates via a universal scaling law (Bishop & Spivey, 2013) and the second utilises a mathematical translation of triaxial accelerometry data captured from body mounted transducers (Spivey & Bishop, 2013). Indeed, technological advances now permit the design of unobtrusive instruments capturing year-long data from migratory birds (Spivey & Bishop, 2014). These systems have been successfully deployed while investigating the high altitude trans-Himalayan flights of bar-headed geese, uncovering and unexpectedly steep rise in flight costs with altitude (Bishop et al, 2015). The pelagic foraging excursions of Manx Shearwaters, which regularly profit from environmental assistance, have also been scrutinised
in conjunction with high resolution GPS data (Spivey et al, 2014). A potentially significant outcome of the present work is a novel hypothesis concerning the hitherto puzzling lack of evidence for extraterrestrial life (Spivey, 2015), perhaps the first to rigidly adhere to the scientific method by yielding testable predictions for particle physics. The model suggests that complex lifeforms may not be altogether scarce within the Milky Way. This is reinforced by recent progress in astrometry, which has established that potentially habitable planets are commonplace within the galaxy, their mass spectrum concentrated within the range 5–10 Earth masses. Building upon these developments, opportunities are evaluated for animals of comparable physiology to birds to sustain horizontal flight in higher gravity environments than we are accustomed to on Earth. For animals that must generate their own weight support and forward propulsion, how is the traditional circumstellar habitable zone constrained by a planet’s gravitational field and atmospheric density? A definition of a ‘habitable flying zone’ is derived and its potential significance for future space missions discussed.
Should dark energy decay predominantly into active neutrinos in ~60 Gyr, their mutual annihilation within iron-cored oceanic planets might give rise to attractive habitats for aquatic life persisting upward of 10^25 years. Neutrino haloes of density exceeding ∼1 pg/km^3 could efficiently maintain liquid oceans beneath thermally insulating layers of floating ice. Iron's hcp → fcc phase transition constitutes a mechanism for regulating neutrino annihilation, capable of achieving a remarkably consistent heat flux through the oceans almost irrespective of planet size. Heavier sterile neutrinos may presently account for a good share of dark matter and could catalyze planetary heating as active haloes become depleted. Given the impressive energetic efficiency of the arrangement, if extraterrestrial civilizations are acquainted with this knowledge, they may possess a universal outlook distinctly different to ours involving a harmony between the physical and life sciences. Three resolutions of the Fermi paradox then emerge, novel explanations for extraterrestrial silence yielding falsifiable predictions concerning particle physics. It is conceivable that improved knowledge of the properties of active and sterile neutrinos might soon herald a new dawn in cosmology.
