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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)?such as heart disease and stroke, cancer, diabetes, and chronic lung disease?kill more people globally than infectious diseases and are responsible for about two-thirds of deaths worldwide [1]. Six out of the seven most important risk factors for premature death (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high body mass...
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Background:
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Citations
... In situations like these, participants may respond inattentively or fail to self-report altogether, which threatens research validity [33]. Hence, the demand for frequently interacting with self-reporting tools creates a central challenge for field-based user studies, particularly for longitudinal data collection [27,41,45]. ...
... However, a downside of it is that users are frequently interrupted by self-report prompts and are expected to input data with their main activities ongoing. The demand of manually reporting data in context negatively impacts users' compliance and retention, which constrains researchers from deploying longitudinal studies [27,41,45]. ...
... Hence, it is valuable to probe user experience to understand challenges and problems with smartwatch self-reporting. The investigation of user experience of smartwatch self-reporting would inform the design of lightweight self-report interfaces and benefit numerous studies that aim to collect longitudinal user experience data [27,41,45]. ...
In-situ self-reporting is an important measurement method used for capturing daily experience data right-in-the-moment in dynamic contexts. Research has been conducted to reduce the demand placed on users for manually reporting data in context. In this regard, smartwatches offer inherent benefits for making self-reporting more convenient and facilitate data gathering. However, self-reporting on the small touchscreen under various contextual conditions can be burdensome and challenging. In this study, to gain insights into designing smartwatch-based self-report interfaces, we conducted an exploratory user study with eight design probes and twenty-four participants under three simulated scenarios: walking, gaming, and social chatting. Findings showed that users' subjective perception of interface features (e.g., input methods and option layouts) varied with changes in context. Participants leveraged different features (e.g., hierarchical layout and discrete input) to micro-schedule self-report tasks (i.e., create one or multiple opportune moments) or to conduct eyes-free interaction with the assistance of smartwatch attributes (e.g., the physical frame of a smartwatch). We discuss implications for smartwatch-based self-report interface designs by considering context and designing interface features to support users' coping strategies.
... Ecological momentary assessments and interventions using digital devices offer large streams of continuous data [99,100]. Advances in computational modeling offer distinctive prospects for real-time behavioral interventions in ecological contexts [101][102][103][104]. As with any new tool, neuropsychologists need to develop and validate measures and interventions. ...
Neuropsychologists in the digital age have increasing access to emerging technologies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives for behavioral and social sciences have emphasized these developing scientific and technological potentials (eg, novel sensors) for augmented characterization of neurocognitive, behavioral, affective, and social processes. Perhaps these innovative technologies will lead to a paradigm shift from disintegrated and data-poor behavioral science to cohesive and data-rich science that permits improved translation from bench to bedside. The 4 main advances influencing the scientific priorities of a recent NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research strategic plan include the following: integration of neuroscience into behavioral and social sciences, transformational advances in measurement science, digital intervention platforms, and large-scale population cohorts and data integration. This paper reviews these opportunities for novel brain-behavior characterizations. Emphasis is placed on the increasing concern of neuropsychology with these topics and the need for development in these areas to maintain relevance as a scientific discipline and advance scientific developments. Furthermore, the effects of such advancements necessitate discussion and modification of training as well as ethical and legal mandates for neuropsychological research and praxes.
... Although these behavioral theories have been the most frequently used theories in behavior change interventions, 62 they may be limited in addressing the adaptive, customized and contextual nature of mHealth-based studies. 4,63,64 As expected, tailored text messaging interventions had a moderate, positive, significant effect on HbA1C values. This result is consistent with the findings of the previous meta-analyses, 7,13,14 which indicated small to moderate effects of text messaging interventions. ...
Objectives
This study aimed to identify, assess and summarize available scientific evidence on tailored text messaging interventions focused on type 2 diabetes self-management. The systematic review concentrated on message design and delivery features, and tailoring strategies. The meta-analysis assessed the moderators of the effectiveness of tailored text messaging interventions.
Methods
A comprehensive search strategy included major electronic databases, key journal searches and reference list searching for related studies. PRISMA and Cochrane Collaboration's guidelines and recommended tools for data extraction, quality appraisal and data analysis were followed. Data were extracted on participant characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity), and interventional and methodological characteristics (study design, study setting, study length, choice of modality, comparison group, message type, format, content, use of interactivity, message frequency, message timing, message delivery, tailoring strategies and theory use). Outcome measures included diet, physical activity, medication adherence and glycated hemoglobin data (HbA1C). Where possible, a random effects meta-analysis was performed to pool data on the effectiveness of the tailored text messaging interventions and moderator variables.
Results
The search returned 13 eligible trials for the systematic review and 11 eligible trials for the meta-analysis. The majority of the studies were randomized controlled trials, conducted in high-income settings, used multi-modalities, and mostly delivered informative, educational messages through an automated message delivery system. Tailored text messaging interventions produced a substantial effect ( g = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.08–0.99, p < 0.001) on HbA1C values for a total of 949 patients. Subgroup analyses revealed the importance of some moderators such as message delivery ( Q B = 18.72, df = 1, p = 0.001), message direction ( Q B = 5.26, df = 1, p = 0.022), message frequency ( Q B = 18.72, df = 1, p = 0.000) and using multi-modalities ( Q B = 6.18, df = 1, p = 0.013).
Conclusions
Tailored mobile text messaging interventions can improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. However, more rigorous interventions with larger samples and longer follow-ups are required to confirm these findings and explore the effects of tailored text messaging on other self-management outcomes.
... A further advance found in ecological momentary intervention studies using digital devices is apparent in the abundant streams of continuous data (Berke, Choudhury, Ali, & Rabbi, 2011;Spruijt-Metz et al., 2015). Similar to aforementioned technology examples, advances in computational modeling proffer unique opportunities for realtime behavioral interventions in ecological contexts using mobile devices Rivera & Jimison, 2013;Saranummi et al., 2013;Spring, Gotsis, Paiva, & Spruijt-Metz, 2013). The ultimate challenge for neuropsychologists across technologies is the development and validation of neuropsychological measures and interventions that include ontologies for neurocognitive and behavioral constructs that will allow for development of collaborative knowledgebases to bring together data from various disciplines. ...
Objective: The current review briefly addresses the history of neuropsychology as a context for discussion of developmental milestones that have advanced the profession, as well as areas where the progression has lagged. More recently in the digital/information age, utilization and incorporation of emerging technologies has been minimal, which has stagnated ongoing evolution of the practice of neuropsychology despite technology changing many aspects of daily living. These authors advocate for embracing National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives, or interchangeably referred to as transformative opportunities, for the behavioral and social sciences. These initiatives address the need for neuropsychologists to transition from fragmented and data-poor approaches to integrated and data-rich scientific approaches that ultimately improve translational applications. Specific to neuropsychology is the need for the adoption of novel means of brain–behavior characterizations.
Method: Narrative review
Conclusions: Clinical neuropsychology has reached a developmental plateau where it is ready to embrace the measurement science and technological advances which have been readily adopted by the human neurosciences. While there are ways in which neuropsychology is making inroads into these areas, a great deal of growth is needed to maintain relevance as a scientific discipline (see Figures 1, 2, and 3) consistent with NIH initiatives to advance scientific developments. Moreover, implications of such progress require discussion and modification of training, ethical, and legal mandates of the practice of neuropsychology.
... A further advance found in ecological momentary intervention studies using digital devices is apparent in the abundant streams of continuous data (Berke, Choudhury, Ali, & Rabbi, 2011;Spruijt-Metz et al., 2015). Similar to aforementioned technology examples, advances in computational modeling proffer unique opportunities for realtime behavioral interventions in ecological contexts using mobile devices Rivera & Jimison, 2013;Saranummi et al., 2013;Spring, Gotsis, Paiva, & Spruijt-Metz, 2013). The ultimate challenge for neuropsychologists across technologies is the development and validation of neuropsychological measures and interventions that include ontologies for neurocognitive and behavioral constructs that will allow for development of collaborative knowledgebases to bring together data from various disciplines. ...
Objective: The current review briefly addresses the history of neuropsychology as a context for discussion of developmental milestones that have advanced the profession, as well as areas where the progression has lagged. More recently in the digital/information age, utilization and incorporation of emerging technologies has been minimal, which has stagnated ongoing evolution of the practice of neuropsychology despite technology changing many aspects of daily living. These authors advocate for embracing National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives, or interchangeably referred to as transformative opportunities, for the behavioral and social sciences. These initiatives address the need for neuropsychologists to transition from fragmented and data-poor approaches to integrated and data-rich scientific approaches that ultimately improve translational applications. Specific to neuropsychology is the need for the adoption of novel means of brain–behavior characterizations.
Method: Narrative review
Conclusions: Clinical neuropsychology has reached a developmental plateau where it is ready to embrace the measurement science and technological advances which have been readily adopted by the human neurosciences. While there are ways in which neuropsychology is making inroads into these areas, a great deal of growth is needed to maintain relevance as a scientific discipline (see Figures 1, 2, and 3) consistent with NIH initiatives to advance scientific developments. Moreover, implications of such progress require discussion and modification of training, ethical, and legal mandates of the practice of neuropsychology.
... The foreseeable future will provide even more spectacular innovations that will increase the reliability and validity of these records. These data are likely to be very useful for generating theories and explanatory models of why, when, and how emotions emerge (Saranummi et al., 2013). ...
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become increasingly present in our lives, and their use has spread considerably. This paper presents a review of the way ICTs can help practitioners and researchers to study, promote, and train positive emotions. It is framed within the field of Positive Technologies: the applied scientific approach to the study of the use of technology to improve the quality of personal experience, with the goal of increasing wellbeing. First, the article presents an introduction to the topic of technologies and positive emotions. Then, it describes how ICTs can aid in monitoring, assessing, promoting, modifying, and training positive emotions. Finally, implications and future directions of the role of Positive Technologies in positive emotions are discussed. The authors conclude that, in the near future, Positive Technologies and the field of positive emotions will interact synergistically, producing an exponential growth in the understanding and promotion of positive emotions.
... burden measurement methods that gather longitudinal behavioral data on massive cohorts of people (e.g., [5]). Various transdisciplinary health researchers have identified the lack of intensive longitudinal behavior measurement systems as a key barrier to scientific discovery and intervention design [17,29,32,33,42]. ...
Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a method of in situ data collection for assessment of behaviors, states, and contexts. Questions are prompted during everyday life using an individual's mobile device, thereby reducing recall bias and increasing validity over other self-report methods such as retrospective recall. We describe a microinteraction-based EMA method ("micro" EMA, or μEMA) using smartwatches, where all EMA questions can be answered with a quick glance and a tap -- nearly as quickly as checking the time on a watch. A between-subjects, 4-week pilot study was conducted where μEMA on a smartwatch (n=19) was compared with EMA on a phone (n=14). Despite an =8 times increase in the number of interruptions, μEMA had a significantly higher compliance rate, completion rate, and first prompt response rate, and μEMA was perceived as less distracting. The temporal density of data collection possible with μEMA could prove useful in ubiquitous computing studies.
... The automated coaching and feedback provided by key evidence-based interventions, known as the ecological momentary intervention, in the mobile phones may potentially empower patients to get engaged in self-management (Heron & Smyth, 2010). Persistent engagement had shown to improve the overall health and wellbeing of older adults (Saranummi et al., 2013). ...
Background:
Mobile health technologies have emerged as a way to actively engage patients in their healthcare decision-making process. One who is well informed and motivated is thought to engage in self-management activities. Thus, the conceptual framework included "information, motivation, and behavioral change" model, with patient engagement as a mediator in the development and assessment of a mobile health application "HeartMapp" for chronic heart failure (CHF) self-management.
Purpose:
To describe the development and features of the HeartMapp and preliminary assessment of the usability of HeartMapp.
Method:
A descriptive survey design was employed. A total of 37 participants (25 patients with CHF and 12 health care workers) navigated the HeartMapp and completed self-confidence and usability questionnaires.
Results:
More than half of the patients used mobile phones to obtain health information. Patients reported moderate self-confidence (mean 26.60±12.18) in using HeartMapp. One in five patients reported a lack of confidence in using the chest-worn Bluetooth device. The observational data indicated that all patients completed the task of navigating the HeartMapp with little or no help. The health care members (n=12) demonstrated high confidence in recommending HeartMapp to patients (mean 4.58±0.67) and in utilizing data from HeartMapp for clinical decision making (mean 4.50±0.67). The self-confidence and usability questionnaires showed good reliability in this sample.
Conclusion:
Having access to CHF symptom monitoring and education readily available in a mobile app may motivate individuals to engage in the prescribed self-management skills to ultimately attain desired outcomes, which warrants further exploration.
... The objective is to replace previous models, focused on disease, with a more proactive approach to health, centred on welfare. This approach "empowers" the person by developing tools and services that people like, want, and can use, to achieve the necessary skills to respond appropriately in health-related situations [17]. ...
Background:
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise worldwide with severe physical and psychosocial consequences. One of the most dangerous is hypertension. Lifestyle changes related to eating behaviour and physical activity are the critical components in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and obesity. Data indicates that the usual procedures to promote these healthy habits in health services are either insufficient or not efficient enough. Internet has been shown to be an effective tool for the implementation of lifestyle interventions based on this type of problem. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a totally self-administered online intervention programme versus the usual medical care for obese and overweight participants with hypertension (from the Spanish public health care system) to promote healthy lifestyles (eating behaviour and physical activity).
Method:
A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with 100 patients recruited from the hypertension unit of a public hospital. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a) SII: a self-administered Internet-based intervention protocol; and b) MUC-medical usual care. The online intervention is an Internet-delivered, multimedia, interactive, self-administered programme, composed of nine modules designed to promote healthy eating habits and increase physical activity. The first five modules will be activated at a rate of one per week, and access for modules 5 to 9 will open every two weeks. Patients will be assessed at four points: before the intervention, after the intervention (3 months), and at 6 and 12 months (follow-up). The outcome variables will include blood pressure, and Body Mass Index, as primary outcome measures, and quality of life and other lifestyle and anthropometrical variables as secondary outcome measures.
Discussion:
The literature highlights the need for more studies on the benefits of using the Internet to promote lifestyle interventions. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of a totally self-administered Internet - +based programme for promoting healthy habits and improving the medical indicators of a hypertensive and overweight population.
Trial registration:
NCT02445833.
... The objective is to replace previous models, focused on disease, with a more proactive approach to health, centred on welfare. This approach "empowers" the person by developing tools and services that people like, want, and can use, to achieve the necessary skills to respond appropriately in health-related situations [17]. ...
Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise worldwide with severe physical and psychosocial consequences. One of the most dangerous is hypertension. Lifestyle changes related to eating behaviour and physical activity are the critical components in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and obesity. Data indicates that the usual procedures to promote these healthy habits in health services are either insufficient or not efficient enough. Internet has been shown to be an effective tool for the implementation of lifestyle interventions based on this type of problem. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a totally self-administered online intervention programme versus the usual medical care for obese and overweight participants with hypertension (from the Spanish public health care system) to promote healthy lifestyles (eating behaviour and physical activity).
