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Indian economy is dominated by the agriculture sector with larger employment contribution with ironical fact that agriculture sector has been passing through crisis of low income and low productivity. This study sheds light and deepen with the cross-sectional comparative picture considering the recent data focussing on characteristics of labour mar...
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... It can be seen that the employment in agriculture and allied sector has been declining over the period from 45.9 per cent during 1993-94 to 26.0 per cent during 2018-19 which is followed by decline in income share too ranging from 42.3 per cent to 29.1 per cent between 1993-94 and 2018-19. Although there is an impressive employment share in the agriculture sector,it passes through crisis of low income and low productivity (Kapoor et al., 2021) ...
Punjab state is undoubtedly agricultural developed, but the experience of last few years has shown that there has been a recent slowdown in agricultural growth due to large scale degradation of soil and water resulting into stagnating agricultural productivity and profitability. This study throws light on this aspect studying the trends of the agricultural productivity and discuss the ways to come out of the agrarian distress in Punjab. The findings of this study reveal decline in contribution of the agriculture sector being made by the value addition contribution of the services sector which increases further and makes highest contribution of value addition in the later years. Although there is an impressive employment share in the agriculture sector, it passes through crisis of low income and low 2 Performance of Indian Economy: During the Covid 19 Pandemic productivity.The worker productivity of agricultural sector is more than the non-agricultural sector during 1993-94 but, however, the non-agricultural sector contributes more in the form of worker productivity as compared to the agricultural sector in the later years. Therefore, there has been agrarian stress in Punjab with low agriculture productivity and employment. Government should take suitable steps to promote agro-processing industries so that agricultural products are used for the growth of industrial sector which will enhance the productivity of agriculture sector. There should be diversification of high value crops which increases the income of the farmers and in turn of the agriculture sector thereby reducing the agrarian distress. Moreover, the cooperative cultivation can reduce the cost and reaping the economies of scale in the agriculture sector.
... There has been relatively slower growth of agricultural sector vis-avis the non-agricultural sector. Kapoor et al. (2021) has found that the surplus labour of the agriculture sector is not absorbed in the other sectors due to which the worker productivity remains low in agriculture causing distress employment and inequality in worker productivity of different sectors. ...
This paper examines the district profile of poverty estimates across social and religion groups in Punjab and identifies where the poor live so as to provide with suitable policy interventions. It also presents other parameters related to poverty estimates like education of household head and household size in the Punjab based on the National sample survey (NSS) data for 2004-05 and 2011-12. The various estimates revealed that though overall poverty across social and religion groups has declined, district poverty trends of these groups witness a rise in the incidence of poverty for many districts in rural and urban areas. The study recommends that various poverty alleviating policies in Punjab should focus more on reducing the household size, development of socially excluded subgroups and religion groups and delivery of basic facilities of education.
Over the decades, there has been a puzzle in the path of economic development of India with low female labour force participation rate despite the high economic growth. This study focusses on analysing the changes in labour force participation rate in both rural and urban areas and to find the gender gap in these changes. The LFPR of females is quite less in comparison to the male counterparts. The female WPR of all education groups have remained quite less than the WPR of males in both rural and urban areas as well as combined rural and urban areas in India during 2018-19. This clearly points to less employed females in the total population due to social norms. The female's employment has suffered more than male's due to negative economic shocks in the economy. The females with lesser education are more inclined to earn for livelihood and lesser concern for the quality jobs. More females than the males contribute towards family workers in terms of the employment status which adds to their 1 Research Scholar, LPU, Phagwara, Punjab 65 vulnerability in the labour market. Government should boost the policies of employment-intensive growth in India. The microfinance supported self-help group-centred activities be initiated to make females more economically active in addition to handling domestic chores. If the benefits of demographic dividend have to be utilized fruitfully, then female population is the window of opportunity. This bulging population have to be absorbed by creating jobs and make females economically active in the country.
