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Wood structure of Agathis ledongensis sp. nov. (LDW001). a Transverse section showing growth rings distinctly marked by uniseriate rows of radially flattened latewood tracheids. b Radial section showing tracheids with rounded to polygonal pits in 3-and 4-seriate alternate arrangement. c Radial section showing tracheid with mostly
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Although many fossil and molecular data suggest migrations from Malesia and Asia to Australia appear to dominate floristic exchange between Australian and Asian rainforests, evidence is emerging that demonstrate dispersal of plant groups from Australia to Asia. In this paper, a new species Agathis ledongensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of s...
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... Growth rings distinct, marked by 1 (occasionally 2) rows of radially flattened latewood tracheids (Fig. 5a). Tracheids are thin-walled, polygonal to oval in outline, 37-76 μm (mean 61 μm) in tangential diameter and 40-98 μm (mean 70 μm) in radial diameter (Fig. 5a). The bordered pits on radial tracheid walls are 2-5-seriate, predominately 3-4-seriate, alternate; uniseriate pitting rarely occurs on radial walls of tracheids located in later ...
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... Growth rings distinct, marked by 1 (occasionally 2) rows of radially flattened latewood tracheids (Fig. 5a). Tracheids are thin-walled, polygonal to oval in outline, 37-76 μm (mean 61 μm) in tangential diameter and 40-98 μm (mean 70 μm) in radial diameter (Fig. 5a). The bordered pits on radial tracheid walls are 2-5-seriate, predominately 3-4-seriate, alternate; uniseriate pitting rarely occurs on radial walls of tracheids located in later portions of growth rings; pits circular to oval and polygonal in outline and 15-21 µm (mean 18 µm) in vertical diameter (Fig. 5b, c). No pits found on ...
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... 40-98 μm (mean 70 μm) in radial diameter (Fig. 5a). The bordered pits on radial tracheid walls are 2-5-seriate, predominately 3-4-seriate, alternate; uniseriate pitting rarely occurs on radial walls of tracheids located in later portions of growth rings; pits circular to oval and polygonal in outline and 15-21 µm (mean 18 µm) in vertical diameter (Fig. 5b, c). No pits found on tangential walls of tracheids. Crassulae are absent. Helical thickenings are absent. Axial parenchyma not found. Rays are 1-8 per mm (mean 4 per mm), predominately 1-seriate ( Fig. 5d) and rarely partially 2-seriate (1%) (Fig. 5e), completely composed of parenchyma cells (Fig. 5f); 24-359 µm (mean 184 µm) in height, ...
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... located in later portions of growth rings; pits circular to oval and polygonal in outline and 15-21 µm (mean 18 µm) in vertical diameter (Fig. 5b, c). No pits found on tangential walls of tracheids. Crassulae are absent. Helical thickenings are absent. Axial parenchyma not found. Rays are 1-8 per mm (mean 4 per mm), predominately 1-seriate ( Fig. 5d) and rarely partially 2-seriate (1%) (Fig. 5e), completely composed of parenchyma cells (Fig. 5f); 24-359 µm (mean 184 µm) in height, 1-14 cells (mean 6 cells) in height. Both vertical and horizontal end walls of ray parenchyma cells are smooth (Fig. 5f). Ray cells are 110-203 μm (mean 149 μm) in radial length. Crossfield with 5-13 ...
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... pits circular to oval and polygonal in outline and 15-21 µm (mean 18 µm) in vertical diameter (Fig. 5b, c). No pits found on tangential walls of tracheids. Crassulae are absent. Helical thickenings are absent. Axial parenchyma not found. Rays are 1-8 per mm (mean 4 per mm), predominately 1-seriate ( Fig. 5d) and rarely partially 2-seriate (1%) (Fig. 5e), completely composed of parenchyma cells (Fig. 5f); 24-359 µm (mean 184 µm) in height, 1-14 cells (mean 6 cells) in height. Both vertical and horizontal end walls of ray parenchyma cells are smooth (Fig. 5f). Ray cells are 110-203 μm (mean 149 μm) in radial length. Crossfield with 5-13 araucarioid pits in 1-3 rows (Fig. 5f). Resin ...
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... 15-21 µm (mean 18 µm) in vertical diameter (Fig. 5b, c). No pits found on tangential walls of tracheids. Crassulae are absent. Helical thickenings are absent. Axial parenchyma not found. Rays are 1-8 per mm (mean 4 per mm), predominately 1-seriate ( Fig. 5d) and rarely partially 2-seriate (1%) (Fig. 5e), completely composed of parenchyma cells (Fig. 5f); 24-359 µm (mean 184 µm) in height, 1-14 cells (mean 6 cells) in height. Both vertical and horizontal end walls of ray parenchyma cells are smooth (Fig. 5f). Ray cells are 110-203 μm (mean 149 μm) in radial length. Crossfield with 5-13 araucarioid pits in 1-3 rows (Fig. 5f). Resin canals are ...
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... Axial parenchyma not found. Rays are 1-8 per mm (mean 4 per mm), predominately 1-seriate ( Fig. 5d) and rarely partially 2-seriate (1%) (Fig. 5e), completely composed of parenchyma cells (Fig. 5f); 24-359 µm (mean 184 µm) in height, 1-14 cells (mean 6 cells) in height. Both vertical and horizontal end walls of ray parenchyma cells are smooth (Fig. 5f). Ray cells are 110-203 μm (mean 149 μm) in radial length. Crossfield with 5-13 araucarioid pits in 1-3 rows (Fig. 5f). Resin canals are ...
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... 2-seriate (1%) (Fig. 5e), completely composed of parenchyma cells (Fig. 5f); 24-359 µm (mean 184 µm) in height, 1-14 cells (mean 6 cells) in height. Both vertical and horizontal end walls of ray parenchyma cells are smooth (Fig. 5f). Ray cells are 110-203 μm (mean 149 μm) in radial length. Crossfield with 5-13 araucarioid pits in 1-3 rows (Fig. 5f). Resin canals are ...
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... However, close relationships between extant Asian and Australian species of this genus (Rohwer et al., 2014;van der Merwe et al., 2016) suggest that the latter scenario is more likely. The Miocene migrations from Australasia to tropical Asia have been confirmed for the conifer genera Dacrycarpus and Agathis by fossil evidence (Wu et al., 2019;Oskolski et al., 2020), and for 15 other lineages by molecular phylogenetic data (Zhang et al., 2023). On the other hand, the presence of Cryptocarya flowers in the Zhangpu amber forest (Beurel et al., 2024) showing prominent biogeographic affinities with Neogene Indian floras suggests a possible origin of the Asian lineage of this genus on the Indian subcontinent. ...
The structure of lauraceous fossil woods from the middle Miocene deposits of the Dajie Formation of Ninger County, Yunnan Province, China has been studied. The occurrence of wide (> 7 seriate) rays in combination with the presence of scalariform perforation plates, the oil/mucilage cells in rays, axial parenchyma and among fibers as well as some other traits allow us to attribute the fossil woods to the extant genus Cryptocarya. We describe the woods as a new species C. latiradiata R. Zhang, T. Su & A. A. Oskolski sp. nov. (Lauraceae). This is an important improvement in the fossil record of Cryptocarya showing that this genus was widely ranged across southern China in the middle Miocene. The occurrence of the fossil woods of such termophyllous genus as Cryptocarya in the Dajie Formation suggests that this middle Miocene climate in southern Yunnan was frostless. This result is consistent with other evidence for the warm environment caused by complex topographic structures in this region since the middle Miocene linked to the successive uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Ailao Mountains. Particularly, it suggests that the Ailao Mountains in the middle Miocene were high enough to weaken the influence of the Asian Winter Monsoon on the territory of Yunnan.
... The Eocene-Miocene fossil forms of these trees were found in Southern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand (Hill et al. 2008). The only record of macrofossils in the Northern Hemisphere was in the late Oligocene -early Miocene of the Qiutangling Formation in Ledong, Hainan Island, South China (Oskolski et al. 2020). Pollen attributed to Agathis in the Northern Hemisphere occurs in the Triassic of Kazakhstan (Barbashinova 1956), the Jurassic of Poland (Rogalska 1976), Ukraine (Semenova 1966), Western Siberia (Klimko 1957), Pakistan (Jain and Sah 1969), China (Zhang 1978) and the late Jurassic -early Cretaceous of Poland (Mamczar 1971), the Cretaceous of Hungary (Góczán 1973), Poland (Mamczar 1970), Western Siberia (Filippova 1957), China (Zhang 1978), the Paleocene of Ukraine (Rotman 1973), Kazakhstan (Zaklinskaya 1960), the Paleocene -Eocene of Yakutia (Tomskaya 1981), the Eocene of England (Macko 1961), Belarus and Ukraine (Pokrovskaya 1960), Kazakhstan (Zaklinskaya 1957), the Eocene-Miocene of the Russian Far East (Lopatina 2001), the Oligocene of France (Apostolescu 1968) and Ukraine (Shchekina 1969), the Oligocene -early Miocene of Ukraine (Rotman 1956), the Miocene of Poland (Macko 1959), Ukraine (Syabryaj and Jakovenko 1997), Kyrgyzstan (Abuzyarova 1967) and Kazakhstan (Panova 1980). ...
... Molecular evidence indicates that some plant groups, e.g., Loranthaceae (Vidal-Russell & Nickrent 2008) and Haloragaceae (Chen et al. 2014) spread from Australia to Asia during the Neogene. But only in two conifer genera, Dacrycarpus (Endlicher) de Laubenfels and Agathis Salisb., were such migrations supported by fossil records (Wu et al. 2019;Oskolski et al. 2020). Syzygium also spread in this direction in the Miocene, as the molecular data and available fossil records suggest. ...
A new species, Syzygium guipingensis sp. nov. (Myrtaceae), is described based on mummified fossil wood from the Miocene Erzitang Formation of Guiping Basin, Guangxi, South China. This species represents the most ancient reliable fossil record of the genus Syzygium in eastern Asia, showing the greatest similarity to the extant species S. buxifolium Hook. et Arnott. Its occurrence in the Miocene is consistent with the diversification age of the Asian lineage within Syzygium as estimated by molecular dating (11.4 Ma). The fossil record of Syzygium suggests that this genus migrated from Australia to eastern Asia in the Miocene, coincidently with the formation of island chains between these continents.
