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Which joints are affected? The affected joints in suckling piglets attended with lameness are numbered and have name as follows; 1. Elbows; 2. Carpus; 3. Metacarpal joints; 4. Hoofs; 5. Hocks. The prevalence and total of affected joints on the left side of affected piglets to the left and on the right side of affected piglets on to the right
Source publication
Background
Joint swelling and lameness are the most obvious and persistent clinical signs of infectious arthritis in piglets. For a positive treatment effect of piglets with arthritis, early initiated treatments with antibiotics are desired. Hitherto pain-reducing drugs have rarely been used within veterinary medicine, but the potential of non ster...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... distribution of the affected joints is shown in Fig. 2. It was evenly distributed between front and hind legs with 52.5 % in the front legs (Elbows 19.3 %; Carpus 9.9 %; Front Metacarpal joints 6.7 %; Front Hoofs 16.6 %) and 56.9 % in the hind legs (Hocks 16.1 %; Back Metacarpal joints 6.3 %; Back Hoofs 34.5 ...
Citations
... These procedures favor the entry of bacteria and increase the incidence of arthritis, thereby leading to self-directed behaviors and signs of pain, such as prostration, prolonged lying down behavior, and isolation from other animals in the pen. Consequently, loss of productive performance, such as decreased weight gain, which can last up to 70 days after caudectomy (Nannoni et al., 2014;Zoric et al., 2016), has been frequently reported. ...
... During the free-choice phase, the consumption of CGSR+AW diet may have contributed to the decreased time allocated to feeding and facilitated ingestion, since wetter diets promote shorter eating times in pigs compared to dry diets (Zoric et al., 2016). The DM content of the test diet (Table 3) was lower than that of the reference diet (757.6 vs. 919.9 ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets composed of corn grain silage rehydrated with water and acid whey on the productive performance and feed preference of weaned piglets. We evaluated 120 piglets weaned in the pre-initial phase I for productive performance, and diarrhea, depression, and thinness states using the following diets: control ration with dry corn grain (CR); and corn grain silage rehydrated with water (CGSR+W); water and inoculant (CGSR+WI); and acid whey (CGSR+AW). To determine feed preference, 20 weaned piglets received reference (CR) and test (CGSR+AW) diets in two phases, restricted and free-choice. Analysis of variance, chi-square test, and t-test were applied at 5% of significance. There were no differences (p>0.05) in growth performance among piglets fed the four experimental diets. Severe thinness and depression were recorded among piglets fed CGSR+W and CR (p<0.05). In the restricted phase, consumption of CGSR+AW resulted in higher daily feed intake (DFI) (p<0.05), while piglets in the free-choice phase showed a higher DFI and spent more time consuming CR, with a 56.39% preference (p<0.05). Rehydrated corn grain silage promoted feed acceptability and performance of piglets in the first weeks post-weaning.
Keywords:
acid whey; diarrhea; intake; preference; silage; weaning
... Co o ond diç ç çõe e es s di iv ve ersa a as s p pa assíve e eis s de e ocasiona ar dor Desordens que atingem o sistema locomotor e causam claudicação são problemas por lesões devido ao design do alojamento, causas infecciosas e distúrbios neurológicos locomover, sendo uma fonte importante de dor e distresse(OIE, 2018). Leitoas e matrizes de leitões, pode ocorrer diminuição do ganho de peso(ZORIC et al., 2016). Os sintomas variam de acordo com o grau de severidade e apresentam-se desde um leve desconforto até situações onde o animal permanece imóvel devido à dor. ...
... Portanto, além da terapêutica voltada ao alívio da dor é imprescindível que haja tratamento concomitante da condição primária origem da claudicação. Estudos indicam que a administração de com desordens locomotoras devido ao alívio da dor(ZORIC et al., 2016). O cetoprofeno, SU SUIN IN INOC OCUL ULTURA: UMA SÓ SÓ SAÚDE E UM SÓ SÓ BEM-ESTAR AR administrado na forma oral nas doses de 2 e 4 mg/kg durante cinco dias consecutivos, por leitoas e matrizes de reprodução ...
... Pathogens like S. equisimilis is commonly found in the vaginal microbiota of the sow (Zimmerman et al., 2012). Coliforms are also isolated from affected joints in chronic cases (Zimmerman et al., 2012;Zoric et al. 2016). ...
Objective
Treatment of inflammation and pain management is an important topic in the welfare of pigs. It is very difficult for veterinary practitioners to choose the most appropriate product for a certain problem. This review aims to summarise and discuss the characteristics of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as paracetamol and metamizole, available for pigs in the European Union.
Methods
The databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, CliniPharm CliniTox and European Medicines Agency were searched. Relevant terms (eg,‘meloxicam’, ‘fever’, ‘swine’, ‘pig’, ‘inflammation’, ‘castration’, ‘pain’) were used to search for original articles, reviews and books. Only peer-reviewed articles were used. References from studies were also analysed in order to find additional relevant studies.
Conclusion
Studies which have investigated the efficacy of NSAIDs for different conditions, using different treatment regimens, are scarce. Most studies focused on the efficacy of NSAID-related pain alleviation in piglet castration, as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of NSAIDs in experimental inflammation models. Little research has been carried out on the use of metamizole, tolfenamic acid, paracetamol and sodium salicylate and their effect in pigs.
... Pathogens like S. equisimilis is commonly found in the vaginal microbiota of the sow (Zimmerman et al., 2012). Coliforms are also isolated from affected joints in chronic cases (Zimmerman et al., 2012;Zoric et al. 2016). ...
Miniature pigs, like the Vietnamese pot-bellied pig and the Kunekune, are the most popular hobby pig breeds. Despite their popularity, the knowledge of their health and management is still scarce. They have an exemplary sense of smell and hearing, possess good adaptability and are easy to handle. A well-ventilated shelter space with an area for recreation, and incorporation of straw for manipulation prevents boredom. Drinking water must be provided at all times. Restricted feeding ones or twice a day is preferred to prevent obesity. Unexpected aggressive behavior may occur and lead to abandonment of pet pigs. Overgrowth of claws, mange and sunburns are common skin problems. Diarrhea due to Escherichia coli is a common problem in piglets. Neutering is recommended to prevent aggressive behavior and pungent smell in males and to avoid the risk of neoplasms. It is preferably done at a young age to avoid surgical complications. Prophylaxis against erysipelas and parasites are recommended biannually. Other periodical health care practices include tusk and hoof trimming.
Lameness is a frequently encountered clinical manifestation of different locomotory disorders affecting all age groups of modern pig herds. It results in decreased animal welfare and health and economic losses to pork producers (Anil et al. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:956–961, 2005; Heinonen et al. Livest Sci 156:2–9, 2013). Lameness is a multifactorial condition with infectious, nutritional, housing, managemental, and/or genetic components. It is of great importance to detect the lame pigs, diagnose the cause of lameness, treat them efficiently, and move them to a sick pen whenever needed. In addition, culling should be considered without delay to prevent unnecessary suffering of the animals (Heinonen et al. Vet Rec 159:383–387, 2006). The final aim is to prevent lameness efficiently. This chapter elaborates on current knowledge about lameness in pigs, with emphasis on the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Lameness affects animal mobility, causing pain and discomfort. Lameness in early stages often goes undetected due to a lack of observation, precision, and reliability. Automated and non-invasive systems offer precision and detection ease and may improve animal welfare. This study was conducted to create a repository of images and videos of sows with different locomotion scores and develop a computer vision model for automatically identifying and tracking specific points on the sow's body to facilitate lameness detection using deep learning. The video database was collected on a pig farm with a scenario built to allow filming of sows in locomotion with different lameness scores. Two stereo cameras were used to record 2D video images. Thirteen locomotion experts assessed the videos using the Locomotion Score System developed by Zinpro Corporation. From this annotated repository, computational models were trained and tested using the open-source deep learning-based animal pose tracking framework SLEAP (Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses). The top-performing models were constructed using the LEAP architecture to accurately track 6 (lateral view) and 10 (dorsal view) skeleton keypoints. The architecture achieved average precisions values of 0.90 and 0.72, average distances of 6.83 and 11.37, and similarities of 0.94 and 0.86 for the lateral and dorsal views, respectively. These computational models are proposed as a Precision Livestock Farming tool and method for identifying and estimating postures in pigs automatically and objectively. The 2D image repository with different pig locomotion scores can be used as a tool for teaching and research. Based on our skeleton keypoint classification results, an automatic system could be developed. This could contribute to the objective assessment of locomotion scores in sows, improving their welfare.
This study investigated the effects of a single amoxicillin treatment of newborn piglets on the prevalence of hernias and abscesses until the age of nine weeks. We also studied whether the treatment was associated with growth and mortality, the need for treatment of other diseases, the proportions of ampicillin resistant coliforms and antimicrobial resistance patterns of intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli). A total of 7156 piglets, from approximately 480 litters, were divided into two treatment groups: ANT (N = 3661) and CON (N = 3495), where piglets were treated with or without a single intramuscular injection of 75 mg amoxicillin one day after birth, respectively. The umbilical and inguinal areas of weaned pigs were palpated at four and nine weeks of age. At the same time, altogether 124 pigs with hernias or abscesses and 820 non-defective pigs from three pens per batch were weighed individually. Mortality and the need to treat piglets for other diseases were recorded. Piglet faecal samples were collected from three areas of the floors of each pen at four weeks of age. The prevalence of umbilical hernias or abscesses did not differ between the groups at four weeks of age, but it was higher in the CON group than in the ANT group at nine weeks of age (2.3% vs. 0.7%, P < 0.05). Numbers of inguinal hernias and abscesses did not differ between the groups at four or nine weeks of age. The ANT group, when it compared with the CON group, increased the weight gain between four and nine weeks of age (LS means ± SE; 497.5 g/d ± 5.0 vs. 475.3 g/d ± 4.9, P < 0.01), and decreased piglet mortality (19.5% ± 1.0 vs. 6.9% ± 1.0, P < 0.05) and the need to treat the piglets for leg problems (3.4% ± 0.3 vs. 1.9% ± 0.3%, P < 0.01) but not for other diseases by the age of four weeks. The proportion of ampicillin resistant intestinal coliform bacteria and the resistance patterns of the E. coli isolates were not different between the ANT and CON groups. In conclusion, our results showed that the amoxicillin treatment of new-born piglets produced statistically significant effect in some of the parameters studied. However, as these effects were only minor, we did not find grounds to recommend preventive antibiotic treatment. Further, continuous antimicrobial treatment of newborn piglets could negatively influence the development of the normal microbiota of the piglet and promote selection of antimicrobial resistance genes in herds. Therefore we suggest rejection of the use of routine administration of antimicrobial agents at birth.
