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Being cost-effective, synthetic materials were initially used abundantly for the removal of oil. Gradually, however, awareness of the use of dispersants like Corexit, which makes water resources more toxic than oil, has changed the scenario for the treatment of spilled oil. The removal of spilled oil from water resources is still a very topical iss...
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... chemistry and morphology determine the wettability of the surface, which closely relates to the adsorption of oils. Water contact angle is used to measure wettability. If the contact angle of a water droplet on a flat surface is less than 90 , it is characterized as hydrophilic, if the contact angle is between 90 and 150 , it is characterized as hydrophobic, and if the contact angle is over 150 , it is characterized as superhydrophobic (Fig. 2). Similar measure- ments can be done for different kinds of oils, and the solid material can be characterized as oleophilic, oleophobic, or superoleophobic, respectively. The hydrophobicity of the sorbent prevents water sorption and therefore enhances the oil sorption capacity due to the lack of competition between water and oil molecules. Natural materials such as lotus leaves are superhydrophobic but super- hydrophobicity can be also introduced into an otherwise non- superhydrophobic material by increasing the roughness of the surface and decreasing the surface energy. An ideal sorbent for oil sorption has high porosity and surface area, and is selective to oil. For oil spill treatment applications, the sorbent should also be mechanically and chemically stable, recyclable, environmentally- friendly, and have low density and good buoyancy properties (Gupta and Tai, ...
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Citations
... To address the hazardous chemical leakage, various approaches, such as physical adsorption, in-situ combustion, biodegradation, mechanical recovery, and filtration membrane methods, have been adopted [4][5][6][7][8]. Among these approaches, the use of adsorbents to adsorb leaked hazardous chemicals has many advantages, such as simple and convenient operation, high recovery efficiency, and environmental protection [9][10][11], and it plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency disposal of hazardous liquid chemical spills. ...
... The formula for the Weber-Morris kinetics is shown below (6). The fitting results of the Weber-Morris kinetics model for the absorption of toluene on the porous silico-aluminate nanoparticles are shown in Figure 4d, and the kinetic parameters are summarized in Table 5. ...
To rapidly eliminate toluene from aqueous environments during leakage accidents, this paper synthesized porous silico-aluminate nanoparticles (SANs) via a hydrothermal method, using cost-effective and non-toxic natural kaolin as the basic raw material. The morphology and structure of the porous SANs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and BET-specific surface area tests. The effects of different conditions, such as the dosage of porous SANs, initial concentration of toluene, temperature, capture time, and pH, on the adsorption performance of porous SANs were analyzed. The as-prepared SANs exhibited a high removal efficiency and rapid adsorption performance toward toluene in aqueous solution. Finally, the kinetics of the adsorption of toluene in aqueous solution by porous SANs were investigated. The mechanism of the adsorption of toluene by porous SANs was further discussed. These findings provide a cost-effective and highly efficient absorbent for the emergency disposal of toluene leakage accidents.
... Biochar, as a pyrolyzed product of waste biomass, has high carbon stability and adsorption capacity for various organic pollutant compounds, including pesticides ( Reguyal et al., 2017 ), antibiotics ( Jeong et al., 2012 ), estrogen hormones ( Wei et al., 2019 ), perfluorooctanoic acids ( Kim et al., 2015 ), and PAHs ( Rhodes et al., 2008 ;Beesley et al., 2010 ;Wu et al., 2013 ). Several review articles published in recent years extensively discussed the remediation of oil by carbonbased materials, including carbonaceous adsorbents , polymer nanofibers ( Sarbatly et al., 2016 ), bio-based materials ( Doshi et al., 2018 ;Hu et al., 2020 ) in water. However, few reviews had focused on the applications of biocharbased materials for the removal of petroleum contaminants in soil and water environment. ...
... The sorption mechanism of PAHs onto crop residue were suggested as pore filling, hydrophobic effects, and ππ stacking interactions on the heterogeneous surface . However, the application of these bulk materials on oil remediation in water are limited due to the low sorption capacity that associated with its poor hydrophobicity ( Doshi et al., 2018 ). ...
Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment. Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials, have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment. The purpose of this paper is to review the performance, mechanisms, and potential environmental toxicity of biochar, modified biochar and its integration use with other materials in petroleum contaminated soil and water. Specifically, the use of biochar in oil-contaminated water and soil as well as the factors that could influence the removal ability of biochar were systematically evaluated. In addition, the modification and integrated use of biochar for improving the removal efficiency were summarized from the aspects of sorption, biodegradation, chemical degradation, and reusability. Moreover, the functional impacts and associated ecotoxicity of pristine and modified biochars in various environments were demonstrated. Finally, some shortcoming of current approaches, and future research needs were provided for the future direction and challenges of modified biochar research. Overall, this paper gain insight into biochar application in petroleum remediation from the perspectives of performance enhancement and environmental sustainability.
... Firstly, the material's high porosity provides ample surface area for oil or solvent absorption [43,44]. Secondly, its low density likely contributes to its buoyancy on water, making it a practical choice for oil spill cleanup scenarios [45]. A crucial aspect of practical utility is the reusability of such materials. ...
This study investigated the fabrication of a jelly-like material from recycled linear low-density polyethylene (rLLDPE) using gamma irradiation and thermal processing with silicone oil. rLLDPE was irradiated at 0, 50, 75, and 100 kGy before pyrolysis in silicone oil at 300 ℃ for 1 h to produce the jelly-like material (Ir-jLLDPE). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed interactions between rLLDPE and silicone oil in Ir-jLLDPE. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a rough, porous surface morphology with internal fibrillar structures. Thermogravimetric analysis showed thermal decomposition stages related to structural changes from irradiation and silicone oil integration. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated the exceptional absorption capacities of Ir-jLLDPE for various organic solvents (0.1–24.7 g/g) and oils (0.6–19.8 g/g). Kinetic studies revealed absorption followed pseudo-first order at 50 and 75 kGy doses and pseudo-second order at 0 and 100 kGy doses. Isotherm modeling indicated the Freundlich model better described adsorption behavior. Over 10 adsorption cycles, Ir-jLLDPE exhibited excellent stability for pump oil at 50 and 75 kGy. This research highlights the promise of gamma-irradiated, thermally processed rLLDPE materials for applications in oil spill remediation, organic contaminant removal, and environmental sustainability. The novel approach of combining radiation and thermal processing can upcycle problematic rLLDPE plastic waste into an absorbent jelly material with potential environmental remediation applications.
... sively[40] [41] [42][43]. Biomass waste has been recognized as adequate sorption material[26] [44] [45] that is often cheaply sourced, if not always easy to be disposed of. Biomass waste can be transformed into activated carbon[46] [47], but can also be used largely unprocessed or as a scaffold for chemical transformations leading to materials with a tailored surface. ...
Produced water from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was sampled after primary oil – water separation had been carried out. The produced water was filtered through a mixture of activated charcoal and esterified cellulosic material gained from spent coffee grounds as a tertiary adsorption treatment. The earth-alkaline metal ions and heavy metals were separated from the de-oiled produced water by addition of either sodium or potassium hydroxide in the presence of carbon dioxide or by direct addition of solid sodium carbonate. The resulting filtrate gave salt of industrial purity upon selective crystallization on evaporation.
... Varias fuentes de fibras lignocelulósicas provenientes de residuos agroindustriales pueden servir como materiales sorbentes, tal es el caso de la cascarilla del arroz, el bagazo de la caña de azúcar y el aserrín (Chacón et al., 2018). Sin embargo, estos materiales no se utilizan para este fin, ya que son necesarios para generar calor de proceso, una necesidad más imperiosa que la aplicación pasiva en la recolección de derrames (Doshi et al., 2018;Ortiz González et al., 2006). ...
Introducción: Los vertidos de líquidos inflamables pueden producir accidentes graves, principalmente en plantas industriales y en carretera. Para prevenir la dispersión de derrames, se utilizan diversas formas de recolecta, como la absorción con sólidos porosos. Residuos agroindustriales pueden ser aprovechados como materiales sorbentes de líquidos inflamables. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de absorción de las biomasas residuales del pedúnculo de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) y del endocarpio del fruto de coyol (Acrocomia sp.) para cuatro líquidos orgánicos inflamables. Métodos: Las biomasas residuales de E. guineensis y de Acrocomia sp. se evaluaron como sorbentes para combustibles derramados (diésel, queroseno de aviación, queroseno comercial y gasolina). Se midió la cantidad de líquido absorbida por las biomasas a 24 ºC durante una semana, y su cinética de desorción a 50 ºC, usando balanzas de secado. Resultados: La propiedad sorbente del material de Acrocomia sp. no fue satisfactoria, comparada con el pedúnculo de E. guineensis, debido a diferencias en arquitectura residual del material orgánico. Esta última biomasa muestra una capacidad de absorción para los combustibles de 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 a 24 ºC. La diatomita absorbe mayor cantidad de los combustibles estudiados, pero la difusión de estos fluidos a 50 ºC por la matriz mineral es solo 0.26 ± 0.09 veces lo observado para el material de E. guineensis, como resultado del mayor grado de tortuosidad de los poros de la diatomita. Conclusiones: El pedúnculo de palma aceitera (E. guineensis) mostró un adecuado potencial desempeño para la aplicación pasiva en la mitigación de los riesgos de incendio, con respecto a la diatomita. El endocarpio del fruto de Acrocomia sp. no resultó útil para esta operación de recuperación.
... Although different materials have been used for crude oil removal, it is necessary to have different alternatives that preferably can be combined to improve their performance. 39,40 Additionally, the vast majority of sorbents have some drawbacks in terms of lack of degradability; after fulfilling their function, they become another source of waste. 16 Thus, the development of degradable sorbents is currently needed. ...
... Similarly, when comparing them with nonbiodegradable polyHIPES, such as poly(styrene-codivinylbenzene) polyHIPE, the oil absorption capacity is slightly below those reported by Carranza et al. 41 This could be attributed to the pore openness in the polyHIPES, which regulates the absorption capacity and times, where greater pore openness leads to faster absorption and increased absorption capacity. [40][41][42] (Table S3 in the ESI †) As previously discussed, the intrinsic biodegradability and high porosity of these materials make them promising for potential applications in oil spills. They have been observed to degrade with a mass loss of approximately 30% in 30 days, indicating their prospective for full compostability. ...
Biodegradable polyesters with interconnected macroporosity, such as poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), have gained significant importance in the fields of tissue engineering and separation. This study introduces functional macroinitiators, specifically polycaprolactone triol (PCLT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), both OH-terminated, in the solventless ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of a liquid deep eutectic system monomer (DESm) composed of LLA and CL at a 30 : 70 molar ratio, respectively. The macroinitiators selectively initiate the organocatalyzed ROP of LLA in the DESm during the first polymerization stage, thereby modifying the PLLA architecture. This results in the formation of either branched or linear PLLA copolymers depending on the macroinitiator, PCLT and PEG, respectively. In the second stage, the ROP of the CL, which is a counterpart of the DESm, produces PCL that blends with the previously formed PLLA. The insights gained into the PLLA architectures during the first stage of the DESm ROP, along with the overall molecular weight and hydrophobicity of the resulting PLLA/PCL blend in bulk, were advantageously used to design polymerizable high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) oil-in-DESm. By incorporating a liquid mixture of DESm and macroinitiators (PCLT or PEG), stable HIPE formulations were achieved. These emulsions sustained the efficient organocatalyzed ROP of the continuous phase at 37 °C with high conversions. The resulting polymer replicas of the HIPEs, characterized by macroporous and interconnected structures, were subjected to a degradation assay in PBS at pH 7.4 and 37 °C and remained mechanically stable for at least 30 days. Notably, they exhibited the capability to sorb crude oil in a proof-of-concept test, with a rate of 2 g g⁻¹. The macroporous and interconnected features of the polyHIPEs, combined with their inherent degradation properties, position them as promising degradable polymeric sorbents for efficient separation of hydrophobic fluids from water.
... sively[40] [41] [42][43]. Biomass waste has been recognized as adequate sorption material[26] [44] [45] that is often cheaply sourced, if not always easy to be disposed of. Biomass waste can be transformed into activated carbon[46] [47], but can also be used largely unprocessed or as a scaffold for chemical transformations leading to materials with a tailored surface. ...
Produced water from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was sampled after primary oil-water separation had been carried out. The produced water was filtered through a mixture of activated charcoal and esterified cellulosic material gained from spent coffee grounds as a tertiary adsorption treatment. The earth-alkaline metal ions and heavy metals were separated from the de-oiled produced water by addition of either sodium or potassium hydrox-ide in the presence of carbon dioxide or by direct addition of solid sodium carbonate. The resulting filtrate gave salt of industrial purity upon selective crystallization on evaporation
... The noticeable methods used for cleaning the oil spills from water surfaces are based on physical/mechanical methods (skimmers, barriers, booms, hydrophobic meshes), chemical (dispersants or surfactants), and biological methods (microbial) Doshi et al. 2018;Debs et al. 2019;Abdullah et al. 2022;Hethnawi et al. 2023). Although these methods are partly successful, searching for plant biomass-based green adsorbents is of the most significant interest from economic and ecological standpoints. ...
This study focuses on the removal of spent engine oil (SEO) spill from the water surface using water hyacinth biomass (WHB)-based sorbents. The raw WHB was modified using extra virgin coconut oil (mainly consisting of lauric acid) to enhance the hydrophobicity and floating ability. With varying amounts of coconut oil and solvent, six diverse types of modified water hyacinth biomass (MWHB) were prepared. Among these MWHBs, an equal proportion of coconut oil and raw WHB with 10% methanol solution exhibited the highest removal of SEO reaching 96%. Various sorption kinetics and isotherm models were examined to understand the SEO sorption process on MWHB. The pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 0.999) and both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models (R2 0.992 and R2 0.999, respectively) were found to be the best-fitting models. These findings indicated a chemisorption mechanism involving the initial monolayer coverage of SEO molecules on the MWHB surface followed by the development of multilayers. The MWHB achieved a maximum sorption capacity of 4.75 g/g within 60 min. Furthermore, the reusability tests showed that MWHB maintained a sorption capacity of over 90% even after the third sorption–desorption cycle.
... The capillary phenomenon present in cellulose and the polyester matrix is primarily responsible for oil absorption (Doshi et al. 2018;Lv et al. 2018;Hoang and Pham 2021). The capillary force acting for this function depends upon the contact angle. ...
The inadvertent release of crude oil and its derivatives into aquatic ecosystems has emerged as a significant and concerning environmental issue, often leading to catastrophic accidents. Ongoing research efforts are diligently working toward devising effective remedies to curtail and alleviate the adverse impacts of these incidents on the delicate balance of aquatic life. Amidst these endeavors, cellulose, an eco-friendly and cost-effective material, has garnered attention for its potential in addressing this formidable challenge. In this pioneering study, we delve into a novel approach by harnessing waste-derived cellulose to combat oil spills within aquatic environments. Specifically, cellulose was extracted from post-consumer waste cloths (PCWCs) and subjected to a transformative treatment involving strategically chosen silanating agents. This treatment facilitated the creation of a three-dimensional, water-repelling matrix, characterized by a remarkable hydrophobic nature, exemplified by a substantial contact angle of 126.2°. The resultant matrix exhibited exceptional reusability, demonstrating consistent performance over five successive cycles, and showcased an impressive oil absorption capacity of up to 24.36 g/g. Notably, the engineered polyester sponge exhibited a remarkable buoyancy, being approximately 28.5 times lighter than
water, and boasted a density ranging from 0.026 to 0.040 g/cm3. This innovative approach not only presents a tangible solution for oil–water separation during scenarios of marine or environmental oil spills, but it also offers a sustainable and
valuable application for well-processed PCWCs. By effectively harnessing the intrinsic properties of cellulose and employing meticulous design, this study represents a significant stride toward mitigating the ecological impact of accidental oil discharges in aquatic ecosystems.
... Furthermore, the increasing population rate has led to a large amount of bio-wastes produced globally. This easily biodegradable bio-wastes or biomass can be used as sorbents to tackle oil spills, instead of using hazardous chemicals like dispersants (Doshi et al. 2018). The technique of cleaning up water containing oil with organic natural materials is economical because of the low cost of natural renewable materials. ...
Contamination of water by crude oil is ubiquitous particularly in developing countries. The governments of affected countries raise a lot of concern because of the associated economic and environmental impacts which are not in tandem with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 6, 8, 11, 13 & 14. Remediation of crude oil-impacted water and soil become imperative. However, the exercise is expensive; hence the search for cheaper and local alternatives. In this study, unsegregated wood sawdust was collected from the various wood sawdust dump sites within the main Timber shade in the vicinity of Udu Bridge, Udu LGA of Delta State, Nigeria. One half of the sample was chemically modified by acetylation using acetic anhydride while the other half wasn't. They were characterized using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Electron Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analyzer before employing them in the removal of the crude oil from the simulated crude oil spill-water media. The obtained results indicated that the modified sorbent (wood sawdust) sorbed more crude oil than the unmodified sorbent (wood sawdust). Experimental process control factors limited to time, sorbent dosage, particle size, was investigated using the modified sawdust. The modified sorbent gave maximum oil absorption capacity of 5.228 gg-1 for sorption time, 4.759 gg-1 for sorbent dosage and 5.838 gg-1 for particle size analyses. The study contributes to the knowledge of sorption studies using unsegregated wood sawdust for remediation of crude oil-contaminated media.
