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Weight, height, knee-heel height and BMI in men aged 60 years and older (Numbers; mean values and standard deviations)
Source publication
Anthropometric reference data for older adults, particularly for the oldest old, are still limited, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to describe sex- and age-specific distributions of anthropometric measurements and body composition in Mexican older adults. The methods included in the present study were assessmen...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... showed a statistically significant difference by age group for weight, height, BMI and knee height (P < 0·001) (Tables 1 and 2) as well as for WC, HC and CC (P < 0·001) (Tables 2 and 3), but no significant difference in waist-hip circumference by age group (Tables 2 and 3). In addition, sta- tistically significant differences were found between men and women in height, weight, circumferences, BMI and knee height (P < 0·001). ...
Context 2
... showed a statistically significant difference by age group for weight, height, BMI and knee height (P < 0·001) (Tables 1 and 2) as well as for WC, HC and CC (P < 0·001) (Tables 2 and 3), but no significant difference in waist-hip circumference by age group (Tables 2 and 3). In addition, sta- tistically significant differences were found between men and women in height, weight, circumferences, BMI and knee height (P < 0·001). ...
Context 3
... ple comparison procedures using Tukey's test showed that for women differences were significant between all groups, with the exception of the 75-79 and 80-84 years groups (Table 1), whereas for men differences were significant between most groups, except of each age group with the preceding one. The oldest group was significantly different from the rest ( Table 2). The difference in mean height between the youngest and the oldest age groups (60-64 v. ≥85 years) was 6·1 cm (6·4 cm for median) for women and 5·5 cm (6·2 cm median) for men. ...
Context 4
... compar- isons showed a significant difference between the two youngest age groups (60-64 and 65-69 years) and all the other age groups in women (Table 1). For men, there were no significant differences between the 60-64 and 65-69 years age groups or between the 65-69 and 70-74 years age groups, whereas the oldest age groups (75-79, 80-84 and ≥85 years) were sig- nificantly different from each of the other age groups ( Table 2). ...
Similar publications
A paucity of data exists regarding sex differences in age‐related obesity and insulin resistance, particularly in the preclinical murine model. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age and sex on insulin action and body composition in C57BL/6J mice. Aged (AG, 18 months old) male C57BL/6J mice, glucose tolerance was diminished c...
Citations
... This is not surprising, since the proportion of lean muscle mass to the body weight is much more evident in men, while in women, a higher ratio between fat mass and lean mass is observed. 41 In recent years, a growing public health challenge of obesity has been rapidly increasing in older adults. 42 With poor nutritional status, older adults experience a decline in physical performance, limiting their ability for independence and engaging in activities of daily living. ...
Purpose
Although both gait speed and fat mass are crucial for healthy aging, evidence suggests that the associations between these components remain unclear. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to examine the associations between gait speed and fat mass.
Patients and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 643 older men and women aged >60 years. Fat mass was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, while gait speed was determined by calculating the time an individual has taken to walk across a 4.6-m distance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and odds ratios (OR) were performed to determine cut-off points and mutual associations.
Results
In older men, the optimal threshold of gait speed to detect high level of fat mass was 1.40 m/s with the area under the curve (AUC) being 0.82 (95% CI 0.76–0.89, p < 0.001). In older women, the optimal cut-off point was 1.37 m/s (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI 0.81–0.90, p < 0.001). Older men and women who walked below the newly developed threshold were approximately 12 times more likely to have high level of fat.
Conclusion
In summary, newly developed cut-off points of gait speed have adequate discriminatory ability to detect older men and women with high level of fat mass. Although gait speed may be considered as a satisfactory screening tool for fat mass, its utility in clinical practice needs to be further investigated.
... Anthropometric standards derived from adult populations may not be suitable for this demographic due to age-related changes in body composition [84], including variations in bone, muscle, and fat tissues with age [85]. Factors like spinal disk thinning, vertebrae height reduction, and conditions like scoliosis can significantly alter an individual's body stature [86]. The increasing prevalence of overweight among the elderly, with a threefold increase globally since 1975, highlights the importance of considering these unique design requirements for this demographic [87]. ...
... The stigma of being seen as dependent or experiencing a decline in abilities is perceived as unacceptable and potentially results in the rejection of technology adoption [91]. Their motivation to embrace technology is also influenced by personal factors related to the degree of shame or embarrassment associated with using specialised devices [86] and concern about being seen as physically disabled by others [19], [92]. ...
Population ageing is a major global issue. The elderly population aged 65 and above made up approximately 9% of the world's population in 2019, with projections indicating this will rise to 16%, or 1.5 billion individuals, by 2050. The elderly experience a natural decline in strength, endurance, agility, and flexibility. Exoskeletons have the potential to assist the elderly in daily tasks, improve mobility and balance, and provide additional strength, endurance, and capability to maintain accurate limb movement. Their application leads to a more independent and autonomous life, fostering healthy ageing and ageing in place. However, their development requires thorough considerations of functionality and user experience criteria, such as addressing the alignment with human joints, social acceptance, and motivation for exoskeleton usage. This review presents an overview of upper-limb exoskeletons designed to assist the elderly in activities of daily living, focusing on exoskeleton types and assessments. Eighteen upper limb exoskeletons were identified from the literature and categorised based on supported body segment and structure. Most of the exoskeletons are either in the embodiment design or prototyping stages and their evaluations were predominantly performed in the laboratory or simulated environment. Elderly participation in exoskeleton assessment is currently limited. There is a lack of standardized exoskeleton assessments essential for certifications, commercialization, and universal benchmarks in diverse studies. These standards would ensure consistent, repeatable, reliable, validated, and comparable findings.
... 3 Frailty is a distinct geriatric syndrome with phonotypical representation and etiology of multisystem dysregulation . 4 Frail older adults are at increased risk of disability, morbidity, and mortality compared with non-frail older adults. The population ageing in most Western countries leads to a larger number of frail older people. ...
... Obesity and metabolic syndrome are complex and heterogeneous clinical entities with a strong genetic component [3]. Their expression is influenced by environmental, social, cultural and economic factors [2,4]. ...
... Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, it is recognized that obesity and metabolic syndrome show a preferential distribution in women [3]; as expected, a great number of women were admitted in the present study. ...
... Anthropometric standards derived from adult populations may not be suitable for this demographic due to age-related changes in body composition [84], including variations in bone, muscle, and fat tissues with age [85]. Factors like spinal disk thinning, vertebrae height reduction, and conditions like scoliosis can significantly alter an individual's body stature [86]. The increasing prevalence of overweight among the elderly, with a threefold increase globally since 1975, highlights the importance of considering these unique design requirements for this demographic [87]. ...
... The stigma of being seen as dependent or experiencing a decline in abilities is perceived as unacceptable and potentially results in the rejection of technology adoption [91]. Their motivation to embrace technology is also influenced by personal factors related to the degree of shame or embarrassment associated with using specialised devices [86] and concern about being seen as physically disabled by others [19], [92]. ...
Population ageing is a major global issue. The elderly population aged 65 and above made up approximately 9% of the world's population in 2019, with projections indicating this will rise to 16%, or 1.5 billion individuals, by 2050. The elderly experience a natural decline in strength, endurance, agility, and flexibility. Exoskeletons have the potential to assist the elderly in daily tasks, improve mobility and balance, and provide additional strength, endurance, and capability to maintain accurate limb movement. Their application leads to a more independent and autonomous life, fostering healthy ageing and ageing in place. However, their development requires thorough considerations of functionality and user experience criteria, such as addressing the alignment with human joints, social acceptance, and motivation for exoskeleton usage. This review presents an overview of upper-limb exoskeletons designed to assist the elderly in activities of daily living, focusing on exoskeleton types and assessments. Eighteen upper limb exoskeletons were identified from the literature and categorised based on supported body segment and structure. Most of the exoskeletons are either in the embodiment design or prototyping stages and their evaluations were predominantly performed in the laboratory or simulated environment. Elderly participation in exoskeleton assessment is currently limited. There is a lack of standardized exoskeleton assessments essential for certifications, commercialization, and universal benchmarks in diverse studies. These standards would ensure consistent, repeatable, reliable, validated, and comparable findings.
... Los valores de estas circunferencias descendieron a mayor edad. Estos hallazgos fueron similares a los encontrados en estudios de México por López-Ortega y Arroyo y de Brasil por Canaan et al., y están acordes con lo reportado en la literatura científica en torno a la pantorrilla, pues la masa muscular declina con la edad y es frecuente la sarcopenia(49)(50)(51).Referente a la circunferencia de la pantorrilla, González et al. sugieren usar unos puntos de corte ajustados por edad y sexo según el imc, lo cual podría ser más preciso (52); sin embargo, los autores reconocen como limitante de su estudio, el usar los mismos valores de referencia de una población saludable y joven, en am, dado que el componente muscular es más pequeño en este grupo.Respecto a la circunferencia de cintura, los hombres presentaron valores más elevados que las mujeres, resultados similares a los de México(49). Además, en el presente estudio ...
... Los valores de estas circunferencias descendieron a mayor edad. Estos hallazgos fueron similares a los encontrados en estudios de México por López-Ortega y Arroyo y de Brasil por Canaan et al., y están acordes con lo reportado en la literatura científica en torno a la pantorrilla, pues la masa muscular declina con la edad y es frecuente la sarcopenia(49)(50)(51).Referente a la circunferencia de la pantorrilla, González et al. sugieren usar unos puntos de corte ajustados por edad y sexo según el imc, lo cual podría ser más preciso (52); sin embargo, los autores reconocen como limitante de su estudio, el usar los mismos valores de referencia de una población saludable y joven, en am, dado que el componente muscular es más pequeño en este grupo.Respecto a la circunferencia de cintura, los hombres presentaron valores más elevados que las mujeres, resultados similares a los de México(49). Además, en el presente estudio ...
Introducción: los adultos mayores (AM) presentan riesgo de malnutrición debido a cambios fisiológicos, alimentarios, piscológicos y sociales derivados del envejecimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la frecuencia de malnutrición en AM de Medellín-Colombia y explorar su asociación con factores sociodemográficos. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal con 1187 adultos ≥60 años, derivado del proyecto “Propuesta técnica para el desarrollo del perfil de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2015”, realizado en hogares de zona urbana y rural. Se tomaron variables sociodemográficas y antropométricas; además se aplicó el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Los datos se recolectaron por personal capacitado, mediante encuesta estandarizada. Para establecer la asociación entre malnutrición y variables sociodemográficas, se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística binaria y multinomial. Resultados: 65,2% fueron mujeres, edad promedio 70,0±8,0 años; 61,5% de estrato socioeconómico bajo, 65,9% con nivel educativo primaria o inferior. Según el índice de masa corporal (IMC), 57,6% presentó malnutrición, 20,8% delgadez y 36,8% exceso de peso. Según el MNA, 41,4% tenían riesgo de desnutrición y 5,4% desnutrición. Ambas condiciones se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en mujeres (OR=2,0; IC95%:1,5;2,6), edades ≥75 años (OR=1,7; IC95%:1,2;2,4), estrato socioeconómico bajo (OR=3,2; IC95%:1,5;6,8), del área rural (OR=1,7; IC95%:1,1;2,5), con estudios de primaria (OR=2,1; IC95%:1,1;4,4) o sin educación (OR=3,4; IC95%:1,5;7,5). Conclusión: la malnutrición en AM de Medellín es elevada, constituyendo un problema de salud pública, más frecuente en mujeres, edades avanzadas, zonas rurales, estratos socioeconómicos bajos y menores niveles educativos; condiciones que deben tenerse en cuenta para la implementación de políticas públicas.
... This means that overweight and obesity are obvious problems in Taiwan's older adult population. A Mexican study of anthropometric measurements of the older population noted that female BMI measurements had a higher prevalence of obesity among older Mexicans and a significant difference from males [24]. Similar results were also illustrated in the United States [25] and other countries [26]. ...
A previous study provided reference data on the age and gender distribution of anthropometric parameters in Taiwanese adults. However, there are very few large-scale analyses of anthropometric data of older adults in Taiwan. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to describe gender- and age-specific distributions of anthropometric measurements and anthropometry assessments of Taiwanese older adults. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 22,389 adults aged 65 years or older (8017 males and 14,372 females) who participated in Taiwan’s National Physical Fitness Survey 2014–2015. All participants were recruited using stratified convenience sampling from 46 physical fitness test stations in 22 cities or counties in Taiwan. The anthropometric measurements and anthropometry assessments included in the present study were the assessments of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The results showed statistically significant differences in weight, height, WC, and WHR across all age groups among both male and female individuals aged 65 years and older in Taiwan. However, there was no significant difference in BMI and HC between males and females in all age groups. Anthropometric status provides an initial assessment of the overall health of the population. This study uses a representative population of Taiwanese older adults over the age of 65 for analysis and provides detailed information on anthropometric data distribution.
... This means that overweight and obesity are obvious problems in Taiwan's older adult population. A previous study showed that women presented a higher prevalence of obesity among Mexican older adults [21]; the same results were found in American adults [22,23]. However, our results show that the percentages of males and females in these two categories are not very different. ...
A previous study provided reference data on the age and gender distribution of anthropometric parameters in Taiwanese adults. However, there are few large-scale analyses of anthropometric data of older adults in Taiwan. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to describe gender- and age-specific distributions of anthropometric measurements and body composition of Taiwanese older adults. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 22,389 older adults who participated in Taiwan’s National Physical Fitness Survey 2014–2015.The anthropometric measurements and body composition included in the present study were assessment of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The results showed statistically significant differences in weight, height, WC, HC, and WHR among Taiwanese individuals aged 65 years and older. However, there was no significant difference in BMI between men and women in our sample. Anthropometric status provides an initial assessment of the overall health of the population. This study uses a representative population of Taiwanese older adults over the age of 65 for analysis and provides detailed information on anthropometric data distribution.
... During old age, from 60 until age 80 years old, the BMI values of the Maule regional population were relatively similar to those reported in Brazil, Portugal, and Mexico (30)(31)(32) and even with the Chilean reference proposed for older adults (33). ...
... One aspect that caught the researchers' attention was that the BMI of the Maule population did not decrease at age 80 as it did in other studies (8,31,32). This could be due, perhaps, to the loss of height with age. ...
Objectives: Anthropometric variables are used to evaluate health, dietary status, disease risks, and changes in body composition. The purpose of this study was to compare weight, height, and Body Mass Index (BMI) with American references from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS-2012), using BMI and Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI) to propose percentiles for evaluating nutritional status of children, adolescents, and adults, ages 5–80 years old.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 15,436 (8,070 males and 7,366 females) children, youths and adults in the Maule region (Chile). The age range ranged from 5.0 to ~80 years of age. Weight and height were assessed. Body mass index BMI and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) were calculated. The LMS method was used to generate percentiles.
Results: The results illustrated that children were heavier and had more BMI during childhood compared to the NCHS references. During adolescence, reference values were greater until approximately ages 70–79. For height, children were relatively similar to those of the NCHS references, but during adolescence, differences became evident. Adolescence until approximately age 80, the population showed lower values for height. Percentiles were calculated using BMI and TMI by age range and sex. Differences occurred between the American NCHS references and the population with regard to the anthropometric variables of weight, height, and in BMI.
Conclusion: Discrepancies with the American NCHS reference were verified in the anthropometric variables of weight, height and BMI. Reference percentiles of BMI and TMI were developed for the evaluation of the nutritional status of the regional population of Maule (Chile). Its use is suggested in clinical and epidemiological contexts.
... In general, males are larger than females across the lifespan, with increased height, body mass index, and waist circumference. 62 Compared with men, women have increased adiposity. This difference in body composition has failed to show much difference in actual drug distribution and any differences attributable to body composition can largely be explained by differences in total body mass. ...
There is evidence that use of drugs with anticholinergic properties increases the risk of cognitive impairment, and increased exposure to these drugs potentiates this risk. Anticholinergic drugs are commonly used even with associated risk of adverse events. Aging, sex, and genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are associated with alterations in pharmacokinetic processes, which increase drug exposure and may further increase the risk of adverse drug events. Due to the increasing burden of cognitive impairment in our aging population and the future of personalized medicine, the objective of this review was to provide a critical clinical perspective on age, sex, and CYP genetic polymorphisms and their role in the metabolism and exposure to anticholinergic drugs. Age‐related changes that may increase anticholinergic drug exposure include pseudocapillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, an approximate 3.5% decline in CYP content for each decade of life, and a reduction in kidney function. Sex‐related differences that may be influenced by anticholinergic drug exposure include women having delayed gastric and colonic emptying, higher gastric pH, reduced catechol‐O‐methyl transferase activity, reduced glucuronidation, and reduced renal clearance and men having larger stomachs which may affect medication absorption. The overlay of poor metabolism phenotypes for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 may further modify anticholinergic drug exposure in a significant proportion of the population. These factors help explain findings of clinical trials that show older adults and specifically older women achieve higher plasma concentrations of anticholinergic drugs and that poor metabolizers of CYP2D6 experience increased drug exposure. Despite this knowledge neither age, sex nor CYP phenotype are routinely considered when making decisions about the use or dosing of anticholinergic medications. Future study of anticholinergic medication needs to account for age, sex and CYP polymorphisms so that we may better approach personalized medicine for optimal outcomes and avoidance of medication‐related cognitive impairment. This review examines the effects of age, sex and genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) of anticholinergic medications. Increased drug exposure increases risk of adverse drug events; including cognitive impairment which is associated with anticholinergic medication use.
