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We exposed the invasive green porcelain crab Petrolisthes armatus to three experimental temperature ranges: constant 156C (green); cold based on January 2010 temperatures: 5.3-14.46C (blue); extreme: 4.1-11.76C (red) for 25 days. Water temperatures from the three treatments extracted with data loggers are shown. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029657.g003
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New marine invasions have been recorded in increasing numbers along the world's coasts due in part to the warming of the oceans and the ability of many invasive marine species to tolerate a broader thermal range than native species. Several marine invertebrate species have invaded the U.S. southern and mid-Atlantic coast from the Caribbean and this...
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Context 1
... in water temperature collected from the National Data Buoy Center for Fort Pulanski, Georgia (12 km from crab collection site). We replicated the temperatures for the 25 days of severe temperature fluctuation in January 2010 (Fig. 2). Our treatments contained 18 crabs and simulated three different scenarios: i) constant (15.560.1uC, in green in Fig. 3); ii) cold treatment (5.3-14.4uC, in blue) that mimicked January 2010 water temperature oscillations, and iii) extreme treatment (4.1-1.7uC, in red) to simulate an even more severe winter (Fig. 3). For each treatment, the 18 crabs were placed in individual containers with no water exchange. Temperature was manipulated by +/21uC every 24 ...
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... fluctuation in January 2010 (Fig. 2). Our treatments contained 18 crabs and simulated three different scenarios: i) constant (15.560.1uC, in green in Fig. 3); ii) cold treatment (5.3-14.4uC, in blue) that mimicked January 2010 water temperature oscillations, and iii) extreme treatment (4.1-1.7uC, in red) to simulate an even more severe winter (Fig. 3). For each treatment, the 18 crabs were placed in individual containers with no water exchange. Temperature was manipulated by +/21uC every 24 h over a period of 24 days (November 30-December 24,2010). Temperature data loggers were submerged in independent containers and stationed in each incubator. Crabs were exposed to the treatment ...
Citations
... An additional consideration should be given to the integration of momentum time intervals and the relationship between species' biological traits and environmental conditions especially under the context of global changes. Specifically, a major focus should be given to temperature tolerance and extreme aperiodic fluctuations which have been proved to considerably affect the spread, distribution and population status of invasive 47 and native species 48 . Moreover, the questionable effect of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on the spread of NIS could be further examined using the successive spatiotemporal spread of NIS, since the dynamic evolution of the three stages of arrival, establishment and spreading would provide additional support either on the "biotic resistance" or "biotic acceptance" hypotheses 46 . ...
The ocean is dynamically changing due to the influence of climate processes and human activities. The construction of the Suez Canal in the late nineteenth century opened the Pandora’s box by facilitating the dispersal of Red Sea species in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we developed an open-source spatio-temporal numerical analysis framework to decodify the complex spread of Mediterranean non-indigenous fish species (NIS) that entered through the Suez Canal. We utilized 772 historical detection records of 130 NIS to disentangle their dynamic spread through space and time. The results indicated that species follow a north-westward trajectory with an average expansion time step of 2.5 years. Additionally, we estimated the overall time for a NIS to reach the Central Mediterranean Sea from the Suez Canal at approximately 22 years. Based on the analysis, more than half of the introduced fishes have been established in less than 10 years. Finally, we proceeded in the cross-validation of our results using actual spread patterns of invasive fishes of the Mediterranean Sea, resulting up to 90% of temporal and spatial agreement. The methodology and the findings presented herein may contribute to management initiatives in highly invaded regions around the globe.
... Other anomalies such as Artic warming, which are expected to lead to harsh, cold winters in midlatitude areas of North America and Asia (Cohen et al., 2014;Kug et al., 2015), or non-analogue climates (Fitzpatrick and Hargrove, 2009) occur. Extreme events can set back or cancel species range expansion (Canning-Clode et al., 2011;Rehage et al., 2016) and thus may influence future risk estimates. Multi-directional range shifts are not only possible, but likely (VanDerWal et al., 2013). ...
Globally, marine bioinvasions threaten marine ecosystem structure and function, with the Mediterranean Sea being one of the most affected regions. Such invasions are expected to increase due to climate change. We conducted a risk screening of marine organisms (37 fishes, 38 invertebrates, nine plants), both extant and ‘horizon’ (i.e. not present in the area but likely to enter it). Based on expert knowledge for the Eastern Adriatic Sea coasts of Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro, screenings were conducted under both current and predicted climate conditions indicating with an increase in sea surface temperature and salinity of the Adriatic Sea together with changes in precipitation regime. Our aims were to: i) identify non-native extant and horizon marine species that may pose threats to native biodiversity and ii) evaluate the risk of invasiveness of the selected species under current and predicted climate conditions. Of the 84 species screened, there was an increase in those ranked as ‘high risk’ from 33 (39.3%) under current climate conditions and to 47 (56.0%) under global warming scenarios. For those ranked as ‘very high’ risk the increase was from 6 (7.1%) to 21 (25.0%). Amongst the screened species, the already established high risk species Pacific oyster Magallana gigas and Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus represent a threat to ecosystem services. Given the under-representation of marine species in the current European Union List, the species we have ranked as high to very high risk should be included.
... Likewise, when they undergo geographic spread, they are rare along invasion fronts. Finally, indigenous species (including endemic and endangered species) tend to be rare at the edges of their distributional range because the environmental or habitat suitability is often suboptimal for reproduction and growth (Canning-Clode et al., 2011;Cannizzo and Griffen, 2019). ...
The choice of the duration and frequency of sampling to detect relevant patterns in field experiments or for environmental monitoring is always challenging since time and material resources are limited. In practice, duration and frequency of sampling are often chosen based on logistical constraints, experience, or practices described in published works but are rarely justified and almost never optimized before initiating sampling. Settlement plates are commonly used as a passive sampling tool to study recruitment patterns of fouling organisms (including non-indigenous species) and their deployment is amenable to experimentation with respect to manipulating duration and frequency of sampling. This study aimed to determine the optimal sampling strategy to detect rare species (e.g., a non-indigenous species early in the invasion process when its population size is still small). To do so, we deployed a series of settlement plates of various durations (1–32 days) and sampling frequencies (daily to biweekly) during the seasonal onset of recruitment, when larval supply was low, a situation that mimics the low propagule pressure of the early stages of the invasion process. We demonstrated that a combination of longer sampling duration and higher sampling frequency was the best strategy to maximize taxonomic richness. However, we found that an intermediate sampling duration of 1–2 weeks was optimal for detecting most species. These results can guide species-specific and assemblage-level sampling strategies using settlement plates. Additionally, this study can serve as a practical template for optimizing sampling of other taxonomic groups that were not examined in the present study as well as for the use of other methods.
... Extreme events have led to extirpations from newly colonised areas, and it has been suggested that this may slow species responses to climate change (Nadeau et al. 2017). For example, extreme cold events have been associated with range retractions of invasive marine invertebrates (Canning-Clode et al. 2011) and fish (Rehage et al. 2016). ...
Recent developments in understanding and predicting species responses to climate change have emphasised the importance of both environmental variability and consideration of the wider biotic community. However, to date, the interaction between the two has received less attention. Both theoretical and empirical results suggest that the combined effect of environmental variability and interspecific interactions can have strong impacts on existing range limits. Here we explore how competitive interactions and temporal variability can interact with the potential to strongly influence range shift dynamics. We highlight the need to understand these between‐process interactions in order to predict how species will respond to global change. In particular, future research will need to move from evaluating possibilities to quantifying their impact. We emphasise the value and utility of empirically parameterised models to determine the direction and relative importance of these forces in natural systems.
... This may be a result of limited search effort in this region (Bailey et al. 2020) but likely also reflects the difficulty to establish in these oligotrophic and predominantly wave-exposed systems, where competition with native species and disturbance is fierce (Branch and Steffani 2004;Pfaff et al. 2010;Mead et al. 2011). However, with a widening of the tropical belt (Lu et al. 2009), warm-water species (including introduced or cryptogenic species) are increasingly moving poleward (Booth et al. 2007;Rahel and Olden 2008;Figueira and Booth 2010;Canning-Clode et al. 2011), making biogeographic transition zones in subtropical regions, such as the east coast of South Africa, particularly vulnerable to the introduction of new species. This concern was confirmed in 2018, when we discovered a specimen of the well-known invasive giant purple barnacle Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) on the east coast of South Africa. ...
... One of climate change's most direct ecological effects is species distribution shifts [6], often increasing the proportion of warm-water species in temperate or subtropical regions. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as tropicalization [7], has been observed globally and across several marine areas and taxa [7][8][9][10][11]. In European waters, including the Mediterranean Sea, there are multiple examples of such events across a variety of taxa (e.g., algae, crustaceans, molluscs, and fishes) [12][13][14][15]. ...
... The evidence provided by the present study suggests that C. reticulatus has passed from a vagrant species since the XIX and XX centuries [21] to a range expansion in recent years (also named winner species see [120]). Vagrant species appear from time to time beyond their normal distribution range [121], while range expansions occur when species expand their distribution beyond their historically known range [10,17,59]. The relatively short periods between the sightings of C. reticulatus at different locations around the Madeira Archipelago suggest this species has already spread, and its sightings are no longer random or sporadic. ...
Current trends in the global climate facilitate the displacement of numerous marine species from their native distribution ranges to higher latitudes when facing warming conditions. In this work, we analyzed occurrences of a circumtropical reef fish, the spotfin burrfish, Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1958), in the Madeira Archipelago (NE Atlantic) between 1898 and 2021. In addition to available data sources, we performed an online survey to assess the distribution and presence of this species in the Madeira Archipelago, along with other relevant information, such as size class and year of the first sighting. In total, 28 valid participants responded to the online survey, georeferencing 119 C. reticulatus sightings and confirming its presence in all archipelago islands. The invasiveness of the species was screened using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening
Kit. Five assessments rated the fish as being of medium risk of establishing a local population and becoming invasive. Current temperature trends might have facilitated multiple sightings of
this thermophilic species in the Madeira Archipelago. The present study indicates an increase in C. reticulatus sightings in the region. This underlines the need for updated comprehensive information
on species diversity and distribution to support informed management and decisions. The spread of yet another thermophilic species in Madeiran waters provides further evidence of an ongoing tropicalization, emphasizing the need for monitoring programs and the potential of citizen science in complementing such programs.
... The increase in the proportion of warm-water species in temperate or subtropical regions is re ferred to as tropicalisation (Bianchi & Morri 2003). This phenomenon has been observed globally across several marine areas (Jansen et al. 2007, Sorte et al. 2010a, Canning-Clode et al. 2011, Canning-Clode & Carlton 2017. ...
... Discrete weather events associated with global warming trends are increasing in frequency (IPCC 2013, Coumou et al. 2013, namely floods and droughts (Fabricius et al. 2014, Salvador et al. 2020), storms (Dayton & Tegner 1984, De'ath et al. 2012, cold waves (Canning-Clode et al. 2011, Firth et al. 2011) and heat waves (Garrabou et al. 2009, Wernberg et al. 2013. ...
... highly resistant species) are widespread warm-water organisms that thrive in heavily polluted environments, such as B. niger, P. magna and Schizoporella pungens Canu & Bassler, 1928(Longo et al. 2007, Canning-Clode et al. 2013, Sheets et al. 2016. Additionally, the presence and establishment of those species may also be a consequence of ocean warming, where a poleward movement of numerous species has been observed, with the frequency of climate-mediated invasions linked to warming or cooling periods (Canning-Clode et al. 2011, Canning-Clode & Carlton 2017. ...
Global warming is increasing the frequency, duration and intensity of extreme events such as marine heat waves (MHWs). The effects of MHWs include a variety of negative environmental impacts. Extreme weather events can interact with other environmental stressors such as invasion by marine non-indigenous species (NIS). The aim of this study was to (1) compare the responses of fouling assemblages recruited within a harbour (highly invaded) with the responses of those recruited in natural habitats (not invaded) to simulated MHWs of different temperatures and durations, and (2) evaluate the legacy effects of those MHWs on the invasibility of both types of assemblage by deploying them in a marina environment (high NIS propagule pressure). Experimental assemblages were sampled after 5 or 10 d of exposure to 1 of 3 different temperature conditions to examine the effects of varying MHW conditions. Later those assemblages were deployed inside a marina facility to test the invasibility of heat-stressed assemblages. The results revealed that higher temperatures and longer MHWs had an overall negative impact on both native and non-indigenous assemblages. Shorter MHWs had greater effects on assemblages dominated by NIS, while longer MHWs affected native species more. Increasing MHW duration promoted increased variability in the resulting invasive assemblages. Winner and loser species and homogenisation could potentially alter the legacy effects of MHWs on the pattern of NIS recruitment. This study highlights the importance of interactions between environmental tressors to the conservation of coastal communities, crucial ecosystems on oceanic islands.
... Other anomalies such as Artic warming, which are expected to lead to harsh, cold winters in midlatitude areas of North America and Asia (Cohen et al., 2014;Kug et al., 2015), or non-analogue climates (Fitzpatrick and Hargrove, 2009) occur. Extreme events can set back or cancel species range expansion (Canning-Clode et al., 2011;Rehage et al., 2016) and thus may influence future risk estimates. Multi-directional range shifts are not only possible, but likely (VanDerWal et al., 2013). ...
The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium- and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1,730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate, and continental climate classes and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a ‘very high risk’ of being or becoming invasive in the study areas, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate ‘rapid’ management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement.
... Extreme events have led to extirpations from newly colonised 138 areas, and it has been suggested that this may slow species responses to climate change (Nadeau et 139 al. 2017). For example, extreme cold events have been associated with range retractions of invasive 140 marine invertebrates (Canning-Clode et al. 2011) and fish (Rehage et al. 2016). 141 ...
Recent developments in understanding and predicting species responses to climate change have emphasised the importance of both environmental variability and consideration of the wider biotic community. To date, the interaction between the two has received less attention. However, considerable bodies of theory and empirical results suggest that multi-species consequences of variability can have strong impacts on range limits and the speed of range shifts. Here we demonstrate how biotic interactions and temporal variability can act together to influence range shift dynamics and highlight the need to understand these interactions in order to predict how species will respond to global change. We emphasise the value and utility of partitioning approaches applied to parameterised models to determine the direction and relative importance and direct of these forces in empirical systems.
Authorship
JCDT wrote the manuscript and built the models. All authors contributed significantly to the editing and manuscript development.
Funding
The work was supported by NERC grant NE/T003510/1
Data Sharing and Data Accessibility
Code to generate all results is publicly available at https://github.com/jcdterry/ClimateVar_BioticInts and should the manuscript be accepted will be permanently archived. The paper contains no new datasets.
... Coastal marine environments are therefore extremely vulnerable to change (Holt et al., 2010) and an altered marine environment can in turn impact the distribution, life-history and physiological status of pathogens, hosts and vectors (Gallana et al., 2013). Furthermore, poleward advances of subtropical species into Europe, referred to as ' African Creep' are occurring in the eastern Atlantic (Canning-Clode and Carlton, 2017) and this phenomenon is mirrored by 'Caribbean Creep' in the western Atlantic, including the extension of species such as the invasive Asian green mussel Perna viridis (Canning-Clode et al., 2011). ...
Although research into the ecology and impacts of invasive species is prevalent, there are knowledge gaps relating to the role of invasive species in parasite transmission. This work synthesises invasive host–parasite interactions and impacts, using marine bivalves as a model group, to consider how global movement of shellfish consignments for aquaculture purposes facilitates the unintentional transfer of invasives. We discuss how invasive species can act as both hosts or parasitic organisms themselves, and introductions may lead to diseases within the bivalve aquaculture sector. This review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research, with particular regard to the fields of parasitology and invasion ecology. We suggest that further integrating these fields will enhance critical knowledge of marine diseases, parasite-invasive-bivalve interplay dynamics, and potential mitigation strategies, including temperature-based disease surveillance models. We also address how climate change might impact invasive species, again with a focus on marine bivalves, and the potential outcomes for parasite transmission, including changes in host/parasite distribution, life-history and virulence. We acknowledge the importance of horizon scanning for future invasive host–parasite introductions and note that increased screening of invasive species, both in their native and invaded ranges, will provide clarity on invasion dynamics and potential impacts.
