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Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is a traditional Chinese medicine herb, commonly used for its anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Flavonoids are the main functional constituents of T. hemsleyanum, and their production in the herb is affected by light quality. T. hemsleyanum is a shade-loving plant and is usually covered by black shade nets during c...
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... light conditions-CK-W, RF, YF, GF, and BF-by using polyvinylchloride transparent films (Qihang Plastic Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China) for a complete growth circle of 9 months. Light intensities between different treatments were kept consistent by adjusting the number of holes in the shading net. The transmittance of different films is shown in Fig. ...
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... under RF treatment contained a significantly higher concentration of some flavonoid compounds than those under other treatments; those compounds were isovitexin (2523.60 mg/mL), orientin (Fig. 2B, 25.11 mg/mL), isoorientin (Fig. 2C, 14.81 mg/mL), lonicerin (Fig. 2F, 2.17 mg/mL), and Astragaline (Fig. 2H, 0.22 mg/mL). Luteoloside content (Fig. 2D) was the greatest with the CK-W treatment (4.54 mg/mL), followed by the BF treatment (4.52 mg/mL). Isovitexin, isoorientin, and lonicerin levels were lowest with the GF treatment among all treatments. These results show that ...
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... Arabidopsis thaliana, blue light receptor cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) respond to blue light; thus, blue light upregulates CHS gene expression, which promotes flavonoid synthesis and accumulation in the plant (Lin, 2009;Wade et al., 2001). Blue light could trigger CRY1/ CRY2-COP1 interaction to enable regulatory factors SmHY5 and SmMYB1 to combine with CHS genes (Jiang et al., 2016). Our results further confirmed that red and blue lights could promote CHS activity. ...
Citations
... The determination of flavonoid monomers was performed as described by Bai et al. (2021). Approximately 0.1 g freeze-dried L or R were ground into fine powder (80-mesh sieve) and placed in a 2 ml Eppendorf tube. ...
... Total flavonoid contents in L and R of T. hemsleyanum were determined by a UV-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer (UNICO 3802, Shanghai, China) in accordance with the method of Bai et al. (2021). Supplementary Method 1 provides more details on the experiment. ...
... Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity was determined following the method of Bai et al. (2021). We obtained 1 ml crude enzyme solution, 1 ml 0.33% phenylalanine solution, and 2 ml distilled water and water bathed the mixture for 30 min at 30 • C. A total of 0.2 ml 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution was added to terminate the reaction. ...
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a folk herb in Zhejiang Province with anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and anti-oxidation effects. Given its pharmacological activity, T. hemsleyanum is known as New “Zhebawei” and included in the medical insurance system of Zhejiang and other provinces. Flavonoids are the most important components of T. hemsleyanum, and their contents are mainly regulated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this study, the total flavonoid contents, flavonoid monomer contents, and flavonoid synthesis related enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia–lyase, chalcone synthase, and chalcone isomerase), anti-oxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), and biochemical indicators (malondialdehyde, free amino acid, soluble protein, and soluble sugar) in the leaves (L) and root tubers (R) of T. hemsleyanum with UV treatments were determined. Three kinds of UV radiation (UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C) and six kinds of radiation durations (15 and 30 min, 1, 2, 3, and 5 h) were used. Appropriate doses of UV-B and UV-C radiation (30 min to 3 h) induced eustress, which contributed to the accumulation of flavonoids and improve protective enzyme system activities and bioactive compound contents. Especially, certain results were observed in several special structures of the flavonoid monomer: quercetin contents in L increased by nearly 20 times, isoquercitrin contents in R increased by nearly 34 times; most of flavonoids with glycoside content, such as quercitrin (19 times), baicalin (16 times), and apigenin-7G (13 times), increased multiple times. Compared with the CK group, the flavonoid synthase activities, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, and biochemical substance contents in L and R all increased with UV treatments. This study provides a theoretical foundation for regulating flavonoids by light factors and improving the quality of T. hemsleyanum in production and medical industries.
