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Ethiopia’s floriculture industry is exceedingly emerging, and, currently, it ranks as the sixth largest exporter of roses worldwide and second largest in Africa. Currently, many flowers, such as rose, gypsophila, carnations, and chrysanthemum, are growing. However, floriculture farms are contributing a high level of health risks and environmental p...
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... Though, agricultural waste is often not felt as a threat to the environment and public health or even as a nuisance since it is traditionally disposed of through direct use -direct animal feeding, direct application to fields, or direct combustion. Nevertheless, it is important to consider that agriculture and livestock production practices are rapidly changing in Ethiopia, as seen in the example of floriculture production (Gelaye, 2023). The amount and type of residues generated could become a problem soon. ...
Poor solid waste management is a global issue that causes vast environmental, social, and financial costs to societies. Considering waste as a potential resource, both materially and energetically, will contribute towards reducing residual waste and represent direct support to developing a circular economy. The challenges and potentials of organic waste in Ethiopia and other East African countries have been examined in the "Guideline for organic waste treatment in East Africa" project by the German Biomass Research Center (DBFZ). With a waste generation of 6.63 million tons per year, of which 55-80 percent is organic waste, Ethiopia has excellent potential for valorizing organic waste. Anaerobic digestion can be one integral part of this systematic approach. This paper aims to overview the challenges and potentials of using anaerobic digestion for treating MSW and agricultural residues from a macro-perspective. The methodology is based on a systematic literature review, meta-analysis, and expert interviews. MSW has a potential of 161 to 385 million m3 year-1 of methane. As one example for the agricultural sector, coffee byproducts have a potential of 68 million m3 year-1. Technical and economic restrictions in logistics and processing technologies pose the most significant challenges in utilizing this potential.
The article presents an overview of the current state of the flower market and the factors affecting the formation of the market in Ukraine, the study of the main trends and prospects for development. Given the demand for flower products, it has been proven that the floriculture in the local market has good opportunities for development thanks to the use of modern marketing support tools, including the use of online technologies. In the conditions of European integration processes, increasing the competitiveness of floristic enterprises is gaining more and more importance. The purpose of the article is to study the essence and content of floriculture and production features and factors of competitiveness of enterprises growing floriculture products in Ukraine and the world. To achieve the goal of the article, the following tasks are identified: to characterize the development of the flower industry and the presence of demand for flower products on the world market and the market of Ukraine; carry out an assessment of the profitability of the floristic business and the possibility of expanding logistics routes using IT technologies; outline the influence of the terms of passing customs procedures and customs clearance on the effectiveness of the sale of floriculture products. Information on domestic participants in the flower industry is provided and problems related to the development of flower growing in Ukraine and the sale of finished products are identified. The Ukrainian flower business cannot be considered a new industry for Ukraine, but it is highly profitable and has a steady growth trend.
Ethiopia relies on fuelwood and charcoal for energy, but their use causes deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. As a major flower exporter, Ethiopia needs to manage floriculture waste and convert it into alternative energy sources. The objectives of this study were to produce charcoal briquettes from floriculture waste using locally available appropriate technology and compare their energy potential and indoor air pollutant emissions with those of conventional energy sources such as acacia charcoal. Floriculture waste was collected from the dumping site of the Batu floriculture industry in southern Ethiopia and carbonized using a metal kiln. Briquettes were then produced by mixing ground charcoal with clay soil. Proximate analysis, water boiling tests, indoor air pollution tests, and combustion characteristic analyses were conducted on the produced briquettes and commercially available acacia charcoal. To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively investigate the production of charcoal briquettes from floriculture waste and their potential as an alternative energy source and a means to reduce indoor air pollution globally. The effectiveness of carbonizing floriculture waste was 33.4 ± 0.7 % (mean ± standard deviation). The calorific values of floriculture waste, carbonized floriculture waste, floriculture waste charcoal briquettes, and acacia charcoal were 4370 ± 63, 6178 ± 1.6, 5194 ± 40, and 7593 ± 0.2 Cal g − 1 , respectively. Floriculture waste charcoal briquettes had a thermal efficiency of 28 ± 1.2 %, which was 3 % higher than that of acacia charcoal (25 ± 1.6 %). No significant difference was observed in specific fuel consumption and fire power between floriculture waste charcoal briquettes and acacia charcoal. In the Batu floriculture industry areas, 22,091 tons per year of floriculture waste charcoal briquettes can be produced, providing a total energy of 4.8 × 10 8 KJ per year. This has the potential to substitute 32,005 Mg per year of fuel wood with reducing carbon loss by 16,323 Mg C per year. Indoor air pollution tests have shown that burning floriculture waste charcoal briquettes emits 31.8 % less carbon monoxide (CO) compared to acacia charcoal. These results suggest that briquettes produced from floriculture waste using locally available appropriate technology have potential as an alternative energy source and can mitigate greenhouse gas CO 2 emissions and indoor pollutant CO emissions.
The multi-billion dollar ornamental plant trade benefits economies worldwide but shifting and more streamlined globalised supply chains have exacerbated complex environmental, sustainability, and biosecurity risks. We review environmental and social costs of this international legal trade, and complement this with analyses of illegal plant trade seizures and plant contaminant interception data from the Netherlands and the UK. We show global increases in ornamental plant trade, with notable supply expansions in East Africa and South America and issues including biodiversity loss, aquifer depletion, pollution, and undermining of access-and-benefit-sharing and food security. Despite risk mitigation, interception data showed considerable volumes of contaminants in ornamental plant shipments, yet taxonomic identification was not always possible, highlighting uncertainties in assessing biosecurity risks. With high-volume and fast-moving transit of ornamental plants around the world, it is essential that standards are improved, and data on specific risks from trade are collected and shared to allow for mitigation.
One of the most significant worldwide environmental issues in human history is
climate change. The increase in atmospheric temperature caused by higher quantities of
greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide
(N2O), is known as climate change. It shows up in the frequency and incidence of things like
droughts, glacier melt, and increasing sea levels. Crops, soils, animals, and pests are all
impacted by climate change directly or indirectly.
Modern, environmentally friendly bioenergy is widely recognized as a viable fossil fuel replacement that could help reduce human reliance on fossil fuels. The study concentrated on Ethiopia, where modern bioenergy is still largely untapped due to a lack of biomass data and policy gaps. Ethiopia’s potential for biomass resources derived from sustainably extracted forest residues was assessed for modern bioenergy production using forest statistics (FAOSTAT data, 2010–2020), publicly available data, literature models, and standard procedures. For modern bioenergy production, forest residue is an important lignocellulosic feedstock. According to the study, there are approximately 16.4 million bone dry tons of environmentally benign forest residues produced each year. This could produce 1.8-4.93 billion liters of ethanol per year, replacing 172-469 percent of the country’s gasoline consumption. As an alternative, the residues could supply 1.23-3.29 billion liters of diesel (biomass to Fischer Tropsch diesel) each year, accounting for 40-107% of diesel fuel consumption. The recoverable residues could provide approximately 12.7-34 TWh for bioelectricity generation, which could help supply 87-232% and 133-357% of
Ethiopia’s total electricity generation and consumption, respectively. This could help with electricity distribution across the country, especially in rural areas where there are a lot of forest residues. The high percentages are unsurprising given that the
country has the world’s lowest per capita energy supplies and consumption rates. However, the residues could only provide 12-32% of total primary energy consumption or 26% of the country’s traditional biomass consumption (fuelwood and
charcoal). This paper also made recommendations to encourage the wider use of modern bioenergy applications derived from forest residues.
Compression-ignition engines are more efficient due to their higher compression ratio, leaner charge, and lower throttle-loss operations, but with higher amounts of particulate matter (PM)and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. Due to the emission
shortcoming, advanced low-temperature reactivity control compression ignition (RCCI) engine combustion is used to overcome the higher production of PM and NOx. In the current RCCI engine operations, the combustion study of the
modified RCCI diesel engine uses the dual fuel strategy. The ratios of the premixed blend fuels are 10% gasoline and 90% bioethanol(G10E90), G20E80, G30E70, G40E60, and G50E50, with 50% used to manage the fuel reactivity and combustion
phasing to minimize the stated harmful emissions. The combustions produced a maximum cylinder pressure (CP), heat release rate(HRR), and cylinder temperature (CT) of 128 bars, 600 J/CA, and 2150 kW at G10E90 and minimum values of
120 bars, 475 J/CA, and 1680 kW at G50E50, which are directly proportional to the bioethanol content in the premixed ratio.
As the bioethanol content of the port fuel-injected fuel supply increases, the brake power (BP), brake torque (BT), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increase simultaneously, while the brake specific fuel
consumption (BSFC) decreases as the bioethanol content in the fuel increases. At lower bioethanol concentrations, the NOx is minimal. When the gasoline-bioethanol blend ratio G10E90 was compared to all other blends, carbon monoxide (CO)
and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were the lowest due to the oxygen content of the bioethanol fuel, which helps to increase the oxygen content and decrease incomplete burning. Hence, from the research study, it had observed that, when the bioethanol ratio had increased in the premixed charge, it showed a significant increase in combustion and performance efficiency and reduced emission species of gases.
