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Source publication
The article presents the results of the analysis of water needs in agricultural production of the Grybów commune (the district of Nowy Sącz, the Małopolska province). The aim of this study was to determine both the current water needs for agricultural purposes as well as changes in this regard based on structural and production data. The guidelines...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... this purpose, the Central Statistical Office data contained in the Local Data Bank for 2014 as well as data collected under General Agricultural Censuses from 1996, 2002 and 2010 were used. The results of research on average water needs of the most important crops grown in our country were presented in Table 1 [CHMURA 2001;CHMURA et al. 2009;DMOWSKI, DZIEŻYC 2009;DZIEŻYC et al. 1990;2012;OSTROWSKI et al. 2008] and the water needs of crops were determined accordingly. ...
Citations
... The water demand of plants should be satisfied by rainfall/ irrigation and by water stored in the soil profile [HARISUSENO 2020;KOPACZ et al. 2018;KOWALCZYK et al. 2016;XU et al. 2015;ZUBALA, PATRO 2016]. Unfortunately, extended periods of drought deepen the water deficit, which adversely influences plant metabolism, including the photosynthesis process and the biochemical activity of chloroplasts [LAWLOR 2002]. ...
In recent years, a growing problem of water deficit has been observed, which is particularly acute for agriculture. To alleviate the effects of drought, hydrogel soil additives-superabsorbent polymers (SAPs)-can be helpful. The primary objective of this article was to present a comparison of the advantages resulting from the application of synthetic or natural hydrogels in agriculture. The analysis of the subject was carried out based on 129 articles published between 1992 and 2020. In the article, the advantages of the application of hydrogel products in order to improve soil quality, and crop growth. Both kinds of soil amendments (synthetic and natural) similarly improve the yield of crops. In the case of natural origin polymers, a lower cost of preparation and a shorter time of biodegradation are indicated as the main advantage in comparison to synthetic polymers, and greater security for the environment.
... This may include incorporating biochar into soils (Maroušek et al., 2019). Making drought-resilient crop modifications for greater water-use efficiency may also be needed (Drewry et al., 2014;Rey et al., 2017) in reference to local soil properties and related water retention capacities (see, e,g, Usowicz and Lipiec, 2017;Kopacz et al., 2018). Another issue that relates to depression-retaining water as possible refers to meeting local to regional and international expectations regarding continuous stream and river flow (Edwards et al., 2012). ...
Increasing occurrences of droughts across Europe and elsewhere require landscape-wide water-retention assessments to evaluate water-supply sustainabilities for local and regional use. This article reports on the results of a study designed to digitally delineate, connect and categorize recurring depression wetness across a rurally cultured morainal landscape, at 1 m resolution. To do this, a digital terrain model (DTM, 1 m resolution) was used to locate and characterize each terrain-detectable depression by type, depth, area, and volume, together with their flow-channel connections and upslope flow-accumulation areas. In addition, historical 2008–2017 Google Earth images and a local daily weather report were used to index and verify weather- and season-induced changes in depression wetness based on ground coloration, vegetation coverage, and image date. Developing and applying these procedures by way of a case study revealed (i) that about 90% of the image-indexed depression wetness variations could mostly be attributed to DTM-determined depression type, area and depth, and (ii) that image-recognized wetness variations were consistent with weather-modelled soil moisture projections. The results so obtained can be used to quantify potential drought resiliency in terms water retention volumes per depression. Since the procedures as described have a broad application potential, they can be used globally for drought resiliency evaluations and agricultural water management.
... Irrigation consumes increasing quantities of water due to increasing population all over the world. It was predicted that the demand for water in the agricultural of a studied commune in Poland would increase by about 5.5% by 2030 [KOPACZ et al. 2018]. A paper was presented to provide approach and universal solution to forecast the behaviour of urban catchment (including surface runoff or pipeline systems) for urbanization in terms of natural landwater cycles and its application in planning existing or new urban catchments that could be followed by the planners, engineers, and hydrologists [SHARMA 2019]. ...
This paper investigated the problems and impacts of transient flow in pipeline systems due to pump power failure. The impact of different protection devices was presented to assure surge protection for the pipeline system. A model via Bent-ley HAMMER V8.0 Edition was employed to analyse and simulate hydraulic transients in the pipeline system, and protection alternatives were studied. Surge protection included using only an air vessel, using an air vessel and two surge tanks, and employing five air vessels and vacuum breaker. The obtained results for pressures, heads, and cavitation along the pipeline system were graphically presented for various operating conditions. Using five air vessels with vacuum breaker valve as surge protection proved to be more effective and economical against pump power failure. Changing the flow density did not have a significant impact on the pressures. For protection with an air vessel; it was concluded that the value 40% of the original diameter for inlet pipe diameter of air vessel, and the value of 2/3 of original pipe diameter were critical values for the transient pressures. Cast iron pipes proved to be the best pipe material for all studied volumes of the air vessel. For protection with an air vessel and two surge tanks; as the inlet pipe diameters increased the maximum pressures increased and the minimum pressures decreased. Regression analyses were performed obtaining equations to predict the pressures according to the inlet pipe diameter, the area of surge tank, and the pipe diameter.
... Irrigation consumes increasing quantities of water due to increasing population all over the world. It was predicted that the demand for water in the agricultural of a studied commune in Poland would increase by about 5.5% by 2030 [KOPACZ et al. 2018]. A paper was presented to provide approach and universal solution to forecast the behaviour of urban catchment (including surface runoff or pipeline systems) for urbanization in terms of natural landwater cycles and its application in planning existing or new urban catchments that could be followed by the planners, engineers, and hydrologists [SHARMA 2019]. ...
This paper investigated the problems and impacts of transient flow in pipeline systems due to pump power failure. The impact of different protection devices was presented to assure surge protection for the pipeline system. A model via Bent-ley HAMMER V8.0 Edition was employed to analyse and simulate hydraulic transients in the pipeline system, and protection alternatives were studied. Surge protection included using only an air vessel, using an air vessel and two surge tanks, and employing five air vessels and vacuum breaker. The obtained results for pressures, heads, and cavitation along the pipeline system were graphically presented for various operating conditions. Using five air vessels with vacuum breaker valve as surge protection proved to be more effective and economical against pump power failure. Changing the flow density did not have a significant impact on the pressures. For protection with an air vessel; it was concluded that the value 40% of the original diameter for inlet pipe diameter of air vessel, and the value of 2/3 of original pipe diameter were critical values for the transient pressures. Cast iron pipes proved to be the best pipe material for all studied volumes of the air vessel. For protection with an air vessel and two surge tanks; as the inlet pipe diameters increased the maximum pressures increased and the minimum pressures decreased. Regression analyses were performed obtaining equations to predict the pressures according to the inlet pipe diameter, the area of surge tank, and the pipe diameter.
... At the risk of modernization, it will be studied further about the multiple livelihood patterns undertaken by farm labourers to meet their daily needs (Loh & Agyeman, 2019). They are no longer dependent on reduced agricultural land due to the various developments (Kopacz et al., 2018). Furthermore, this study attempts to examine the socio-economic marginalization phenomenon of the community due to land conversion in Ngringo Village. ...
This study aims to determine the impact of marginalization due to the Conversion of agricultural land in Ngringo Village and the multiple livelihood strategies farmworkers use for daily survival. This study uses phenomenology to investigate socio-economic marginalization caused by land conversion to farmworkers. Field data were collected by interview and analysis of the actions taken by the informants in their daily lives. The main reason for using a phenomenological approach in this study is the unique lifestyle of farmworkers in Ngringo Village. This study shows that the initial problem due to land conversion is economic difficulties, which causes landowners to sell their agricultural land to cover all the necessities of life and their children’s education costs. In addition, the narrower the farmland to be cultivated, the more excellent the opportunity for farmers to work outside the agricultural sector; One of them is a construction worker. With such conditions, farm labourers continue to work on agricultural land that has changed ownership to become a company or factory because of the consequences. They may lose their livelihood because the land is used to build factories and industries. Another way to survive is to work as a srabutan. This phenomenon is a form of economic morality owned by farmworkers in Ngringo Village.
... In other cases, protection is not sufficient and it is necessary to undertake investments in their maintenance, reclamation, renaturalization, restoration or even creation of completely new water reservoirs (Jakubiak and Panek, 2016b;Mazurkiewicz et al., 2020;Sitarek et al., 2017). Additionally, it should be taken into account that Poland is experiencing water shortages (Kopacz et al. 2018). Negligence in regard to rational water management, including small retention, will deprive the society of many benefits provided by UWB. ...
Aim of the study:
The aim of the research is an analysis of the concept of ecosystem services in context of urban water bodies. In result of the study, final ecosystem services and the goods and benefits of urban aquatic ecosystems were identified.
Material and methods:
The study of the development of the concept of ecosystem services was based on the literature review. Water ecosystems were analyzed in terms of their ecosystem services that can be assigned to individual classes listed in CICES V5.1. The next step of the analysis was to consider which of the identified ecosystem services of water ecosystems were also provided by urban water bodies. The results of the analysis were divided into biotic and abiotic services in three basic divisions: provisioning, regulation & maintenance, cultural services. Due to the specificity of CICES classification, examples of both, final ecosystem services and ecosystem goods and benefits, were assigned to each class code. The research was conducted in relation to Polish conditions.
Results and conclusions:
The 26 biotic and 12 abiotic classes of ecosystem services provided by urban water bodies were identified in the analysis. Cultural services of the urban water bodies seem to be the most important for the daily life of city residents. The demand for urban water bodies ecosystems services grows together with increasing social awareness. Social expectations should be reflected in the decisions and actions taken by urban planners and policy makers.
... A universal solution to forecast the behavior of urban catchment for urbanization in terms of natural land-water cycles and its application in planning existing or new urban catchments were provided [1]. "According to Kopacz, et al. [2]" it was predicted that the demand for water in the agricultural sector of the Grybów commune, Małopolska province in Poland would increase by about 5.5% by 2030. Therefore, the activities monitoring the awareness of water saving and proper water management are important. ...
Earthen trapezoidal open channels are widely used for various essential purposes. Easy and accurate design is necessary to obtain the dimensions that assure non-silting non-scouring water velocity to maintain these channels. In this paper, employing the Manning equation, design charts are established for each of the common equations of non-silting non-scouring water velocity. For each equation, relating water depth and bed width, three design charts are presented for different side slopes. Every design chart includes a direct relation between the discharge and the water depth for various longitudinal channel slopes. Knowing the discharge and the longitudinal slope, the water depth is obtained immediately from the design chart. Substituting in the velocity equation, the bed width is determined. From the established design charts, it is found that at each specific water depth, the relation between the discharge and the longitudinal slope is proportional for drains and is inversely proportional for canals. Regression analyses are employed to obtain design equations to find the water depth, which maintains non-silting non-scouring water velocity, for different types of soils and longitudinal channel slopes. For each longitudinal slope, a regression analysis is applied, and a design equation is obtained. All the obtained equations are integrated into only two general design equations for trapezoidal earthen open channels, which assure non-silting non-scouring water velocity and have coefficients of determination of almost 1.00. The developed design charts and equations are applied to a main canal in Egypt obtaining very accurate results.
... when they want to do development in Village [2]. For real entrepreneurship and planning to be implemented, the village law has outlined that the village is gaining the allocation of State budget and expenditure in the form of village funds and village funds allocation [3]. Given the idea of the village as a shaft of development in the area, it should not be contrary to the real conditions we have. ...
This article aims to dissect the thinking related to the development of the village where the design of the development is designed collectively but the implementation is very showing the operational differences. The shaft becomes a crucial object in the settlement of village development problems as we place the village as a center of development. Organizational effectiveness approach as a measuring instrument of the relationship of an organization with its environment includes utilizing human and natural resources for the development of rural communities. The proposed strategy is the mechanism of implementation of development and the establishment of a Village development acceleration team as a solution that can overcome the gap planning and implementation of Village development. Local governments should be able to ensure the implementation of the distribution of processed land to villages and then distributed with the capabilities of each village as well as preparing and implementing new policies and regulations on cooperation between Government, investors, and villages in natural resource management.
