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A manual for studying the macromycetes of tropical Africa, including methods & techniques, glossary and extensive bibliography for the region. The second part delivers a fully illustrated account (drawings, photographs & aquarels) of 62 commonly found edible species.
Update: in the same series is now available AbcTaxa 17, a volume that treats the...
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Citations
... Mycorrhizae constitute important symbiotic associations between particular groups of fungi and roots of some plant species (Leguminosae, Phyllanthaceae, Gnetaceae and Dipterocarpaceae families) in tropical Africa (Bâ, Duponnois, Diabaté, & Dreyfus, 2011;Eyi-Ndong, Degreef, & De Kesel, 2011;Härkönen, Niemelä, Kotiranta, & Pierce, 2015;Piepenbring, 2015;Yorou & Kesel 2011). The mutualistic relation between plants and fungi plays a key role in the functioning of natural ecosystems, especially in nutrient cycling (Miyamoto, Nakano, Hattori, & Nara, 2006;Peay, Kennedy, & Bruns, 1962;Smith et al., 2013;Smith, Jakobsen, Grønlund, & Smith, 2011;Tedersoo et al., 2014). ...
... The EcM fungal communities constitute an important component of many central African forests (Eyi-Ndong et al., 2011) and play key roles in biogeochemical cycles, plant community dynamics and the maintenance of soil structure. Furthermore, as EcM fungi include a wide range of edible species, they constitute an important source of food and income for local populations (Berruti et al., 2011;De Kesel, Kasongo, & Degreef, 2017;Härkönen et al., 2015;Piepenbring, 2015). ...
... In tropical forests, local-scale biotic and abiotic factors including soil properties and soil type play important roles in influencing the distribution of both plant and fungal communities. EcM fungal communities are mainly affected by the diversity of host trees and the heterogeneity of soil resources (Berruti et al., 2011;Brundrett, 2009;Burke, Lopez-Gutiérrez, & Chan, 2009 Several studies (Bâ, Duponnois, Moyersoen, Duponnois, Moyersoen, & Diédhiou, 2011;Buyck, Buyck, Thoen, & Walting, 1996;Ducousso, Bâ, & Thoen, 2003;Eyi-Ndong et al., 2011;Härkönen et al., 2015) have reported that, in tropical Africa, EcM fungi are mainly distributed throughout the Guineo-Congolian basin rainforests, in the Zambezian Miombo woodlands of Eastern and South central Africa, and in the Sudanian savannah woodlands. ...
Ectomycorrhizal fungi constitute an important component of forest ecosystems that enhances plant nutrition and resistance against stresses. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi is, however, affected by host plant diversity and soil heterogeneity. This study provides information about the influence of host plants and soil resources on the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal fruiting bodies from rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Based on the presence of fungal fruiting bodies, significant differences in the number of ectomycorrhizal fungi species existed between forest stand types ( p < 0.001). The most ectomycorrhizal species‐rich forest was the Gilbertiodendron dewevrei ‐dominated forest (61 species). Of all 93 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, 19 demonstrated a significant indicator value for particular forest stand types. Of all analysed edaphic factors, the percentage of silt particles was the most important parameter influencing EcM fungi host plant tree distribution. Both host trees and edaphic factors strongly affected the distribution and diversity of EcM fungi. EcM fungi may have developed differently their ability to successfully colonise root systems in relation to the availability of nutrients.
... Les 20 espèces ectomycorhiziennes de CSC appartiennent à seulement cinq genres -Cantharellus, Lactarius, Lactifluus, Ramaria et Russula -et sont symbiotiquement associées à deux familles botaniques seulement, Cesalpiniaceae et Phyllantaceae, pour former des ectomycorhizes (Onguene et Kuyper, 2001 ;Boa, 2006 ;Ebenye et al., 2016). Nos résultats sont semblables à ceux obtenus au Gabon (62 espèces), au Nigeria (78 espèces) et en RD Congo (150 espèces) (Boa, 2006 ;Eyi et al., 2011 ;Ba et al., 2014). Ceci dénote une forte homogénéité fongique au sein d'un continuum floristique forestier très diversifié d'Afrique de l'Ouest vers l'Afrique centrale. ...
Pour les communautés de forêts humides du Cameroun – Bantu, pygmées Baka et Bagyeli –, les champignons sauvages comestibles (CSC) ont toujours été considérés comme de substantielles sources alimentaires et médicinales. Cependant, peu d’informations sont disponibles sur la diversité et l’écologie des CSC du Cameroun. Aussi une étude a-t-elle été entreprise pour connaître la diversité et acquérir les connaissances endogènes des principaux champignons sauvages comestibles et médicinaux de la forêt humide de ce pays. À partir d’excursions mycologiques, d’enquêtes structurées et semi-structurées conduites dans une vingtaine de sites de cinq régions du Grand-Sud-Cameroun, les espèces de CSC ont été collectées et décrites. Quatre-vingt-quatorze taxons de CSC ont été identifiés, appartenant à 32 familles et 41 genres, dont environ 61,7 % de saprotrophes, 21,3 % de taxons ectomycorhiziens (ECM) et 17 % d’espèces du genre Termitomyces, les plus fréquemment collectées et consommées. Cette forte diversité fongique s’est traduite par un éventail varié d’habitats et de niches écologiques. Les CSC les plus appréciés sont les saprotrophes Armillaria camerounensis et Volvariella volvacea, ainsi que toutes les espèces de Termitomyces et de chanterelles. La plupart de CSC sont collectés pour la consommation. La vingtaine d’espèces de CSC ectomycorhiziens sont symbiotiquement associées aux racines de 13 genres d’essences forestières appartenant aux familles des Cesalpiniaceae et Phyllantaceae. In fine, deux principaux services écosystémiques de production sont fournis par les CSC du Cameroun : l’approvisionnement alimentaire et médicinal, et l’octroi de revenus. Des besoins de recherche s’imposent en faveur de l’étude de la biodiversité et des médicinaux des CSC de la forêt humide du Cameroun, et de la valorisation des déchets agricoles pour la culture du champignon de paille V. volvacea.
... Specimens were obtained from our own fieldwork or from herbarium specimens at our disposal. Protocols for field collecting, macroscopic description, drying and preservation follow Eyi Ndong et al. (2011). Codes and names of colours are according to the Methuen Handbook of Colour (Kornerup and Wanscher 1978). ...
... Dimensions of microscopic structures are presented in the following format: (a-)b-c-d(-e), in which c represents the average, b = c − 1.96 * SD and d = c + 1.96 * SD and a and e are extreme values. Q is the length/width ratio based on at least 50 spores and is presented in the same format as spore dimensions (Eyi Ndong et al. 2011). Unless otherwise stated, herbarium specimens are deposited in BR. ...
This paper sorts out the taxonomy of species affiliated with Pulveroboletus ravenelii in the Guineo-soudanian and Zambezian woodlands of Africa. Morphological and genetic characters of African Pulveroboletus collections were studied and compared to those of North American and Asian species. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the African specimens form a subclade, sister to the Asian and American taxa. Although clamp connections have previously never been reported from Pulveroboletus, all specimens of the African subclade show very small clamp connections. Two new African species, Pulveroboletus africanus sp. nov. and P. sokponianus sp. nov., are described and illustrated. Comments concerning morphology and identification, as well as distribution and ecology, are given for both species.
... Local populations have a variety of relationships with these NTFPs including food and pharmacopeia (Codjia et al., 2009;Gbesso et al., 2013). Opportunities provided by NTFPs remain under-exploited or neglected (Eyi Ndong et al., 2011;Betti et al., 2016). The fungi, including wild edible mushrooms occupy a special place in the collection of these products. ...
... In many parts of the world, wild mushrooms constitute important non-timber forest product (NTFP) [1][2][3][4]. They provide diverse substances and services to local communities, especially as a source of food and income [4][5][6][7]. ...
... Forest conservation strategies aiming at a sustainable mushroom harvest largely depend on the targeted fungal ecological group (saprotrophic and/or ectomycorrhizal). While ectomycorrhizal taxa constitute the most important group of useful fungi in miombo woodlands and open forests [16,17], the saprotrophic taxa seem more important in rain and montane forest types [3,18,19]. Cultivation of locally used fungi is considered as a mitigating measure against deliberate fellings for the promotion of some useful saprotrophic taxa. An ethnomycological survey is thereby important before the cultivation starts, to collect and document about the locally used fungal species. ...
... Documentation related to the traditional use of mushrooms is scarce [3,10,12,13]. Within local communities, oral transmission is often the only way to transfer local knowledge [12,13]. The lack of documentation regarding wild edible fungi and the need to conserve it through oral transmission makes local mycological knowledge fragile [17]. ...
Abstract Background Wild mushrooms constitute an important non-timber forest product that provides diverse substances and services, especially food and income for local communities from many parts of the world. This study presents original ethnomycological documentation from the dense rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods Ethnomycological surveys were made within local communities near the biosphere reserve of Yangambi and the Yoko forest reserve. The interviews involved 160 informants from six different ethnic communities (Bakumu, Turumbu, Topoke, Lokele, Ngelema, and Ngando). Specific reported use (RU), the relative importance (RI), and the cultural significance (CS) of wild edible fungi were calculated using quantitative data from enquiries. Results The people from Tshopo use 73 species of wild mushrooms either for food (68 species), as medicine (9 species), in a recreational context (2 species), or related to myths and beliefs (7 species). Women are more involved in harvesting and are the main holders of cultural aspects related to fungi. The results show that knowledge of useful mushrooms differs between ethnic groups. The Ngando people have the highest ethnomycological expertise, which is expressed in their extensive cultural and practical use of fungi. Pleurotus tuber-regium is the most important species (MCSI = 1.9 and p value
... Les champignons sauvages comestibles sont des Produits Forestiers non Ligneux (PFNLs) ayant plus de valeur avec un potentiel élevé pour l'expansion commerciale (Boa, 2006). Ils sont largement exploités par les populations rurales africaines principalement comme ressources alimentaires (Eyi-Ndong et al., 2011;Härkonen et al., 2003Härkonen et al., , 2005Yorou et al., 2014) et/ou comme source de revenus (Boa, 2006;Koné et al., 2013), contribuant ainsi à la réduction substantielle de la pauvreté en milieu rural. Pour la région africaine, il est reporté un total de 300 espèces de champignons d'importance alimentaire (Rommeloo et Walleyn, 1993). ...
... L'identification des spécimens récoltés s'est faite à l'aide de documents et/ou guides de terrain Eyi-Ndong et al., 2011 ;Bâ et al., 2011 ); mais également grâce aux entretiens de groupe réalisés avec les populations locales, en présence de spécimens frais récoltés et de photos. Les spécimens récoltés ont enfin été séchés à l´aide d´un séchoir traditionnel (De Une première étape a consisté à énumérer pendant les entretiens semi-structurés, l´ensemble des espèces consommées par les différents groupes ethniques de la localité sur base des champignons frais récoltés et des photographies réalisées. ...
... Cette différence serait due au fait que ces formations végétales ont fait l'objet de travaux d´inventaires intensifs sur une période de 5 mois alors que les collectes de cette étude ont été exécutées pendant 3 mois. Contrairement aux formations savanicoles et forêts claires, les forêts denses et semidécidues guinéennes et congolaises abritent généralement une diversité en champignons comestibles non seulement nettement moindre, mais majoritairement dominées par les saprotrophes (Eyi-Ndong et al., 2011). Par ailleurs, 12 espèces comestibles saprotrophes ont été collectées dans la région de Pobè au Sud-Est du Bénin (Codjia et Yorou, 2014). ...
RESUME Les connaissances endogènes sur les champignons comestibles sont peu documentées en Afrique de l'Ouest. La présente étude vise à identifier les champignons sauvages les plus consommés dans la région des Monts-Kouffè au Bénin. Cette étude réalisée de juillet à août 2014, a d'abord consisté en une enquête ethnomycologique sur une centaine d'individus aléatoirement choisis au sein de quatre groupes ethniques (Nagot, Bètamaribè, Peuhl et Lokpa) appartenant à deux villages forestiers (Manigri-Oké et Manigri-Ikani) de la commune de Bassila dans le centre du Bénin. Cette enquête a été suivie d'un inventaire mycologique dans des écosystèmes naturels représentatifs de la zone d'étude, permettant sur base des enquêtes d'identifier les champignons sauvages comestibles les plus consommés en fonction du groupe sociolinguistique. Pour identifier les champignons comestibles prioritaires de la région, la technique de simple ranking et de Matrix ranking ainsi qu'une Analyse Factorielle de Correspondance tenant compte de 5 critères (qualité organoleptique, fréquence de consommation, facilité de consommation et de digestion, durée de conservation et disponibilité temporelle) et des scores numériques attribués à chaque critère par enquêtés ont été effectuées. Dix-neuf (19) espèces comestibles, dominées par celles du genre Termitomyces, sont majoritairement exploitées par les populations locales à des fins alimentaires. Parmi celles-ci, une dizaine d'espèces a été identifiée comme prioritaire pour l'alimentation des groupes sociolinguistiques des Monts-Kouffè. Les résultats ont montré que les Nagots utilisent plus de ressources fongiques (18 espèces comestibles) que les Peuhls (14), les Bètamaribè (12) et les Lokpa (9). Vu le grand usage que font les populations de la région des Monts-Kouffè des champignons sauvages il est nécessaire aujourd'hui de trouver un compromis pour une exploitation durable de ces ressources à travers une gestion durable de leurs habitats et la promotion d'une filière de champignons sauvages comestibles en Afrique de l'Ouest. firstly consisted of an ethnomycological survey on 100 individuals randomly selected within four ethnic groups (Nagot, Betamaribé, Peuhl and Lokpa) within two forest villages (Manigri-Oke and Manigri-Ikani) of the township of Bassila in the center of Benin. This survey was followed by a mycological inventory in representative natural ecosystems of the study area, enabling on the base of investigations to identify wild edible mushrooms the most consumed according to sociolinguistic group. The technique of simple and Matrix ranking and a Factorial Analysis of Correspondence were performed for the identification of mushrooms. Nineteen (19) edible species, dominated by Termitomyces species, are mainly exploited for food purposes. Ten of these species has been identified as priority for feeding of sociolinguistic groups Agronomie Africaine 29 (1) : 93-109 (2017) 94 FADEYI O. G. et al. of «Monts Kouffè». The results showed that the Nagot people use more fungal resources (18 edible species) than the Peuhl (14), the Betamaribé (12) and the Lokpa (9). As a result of the great use of mushrooms by local people of « Monts Kouffè » area, it is necessary today to find a compromise for sustainable exploitation of these resources through a sustainable management of their habitat and the promotion of wild edible mushroom sector in West Africa.
... To facilitate future comparison and morphological identification of species, technical photographs of most representative fruit bodies per species (at different development stage, when applicable) were taken on field and at the base camp using a Canon EOS 1000D digital cameras. Fresh macroscopic features were then recorded from specimens, using standardized descriptions sheets (size, shape; colour and any change with time; presence/absence of ephemeral structures; type of hymenophore, its colour and organization; etc.) developed for tropical African fungi (De Kesel et al., 2002; Eyi Ndong et al., 2011). Afterwards, Fruit bodies per collection were counted, weighted, labelled and representative specimens were dried at 40˚C for 24 h. ...
The key role of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi in ecosystems functioning has been demonstrated worldwide. However, their diversity, spatial distribution, fruiting phenology and production as influenced by climatic parameters variability remain poorly understood in tropical African forests. Weekly surveys were conducted from April to early October 2014 at the Comoé National Park (CNP), Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa) in 09 permanent plots established in Isoberlinia doka (IW), Uapaca togoensis (UW) and Mixed (MW) woodlands. Non metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of EcM fungi abundance was run to assess the influence of environment tal parameters on fungi distribution using the package VEGAN. Hierarchical clustering based on dissimilarity and indicator species analysis were run to characterize fungi communities. Analyses were computed with the statistical program R. A total of 123 EcM fungi species belonging to 23 genera and 09 families were collected at CNP. Simpson diversity (1-D) and evenness were 0.97 and 0.54, 0.97 and 0.61, 0.96 and 0.52 for IW, MW and UW respectively. Yet, weekly-based species accumulation curves did not reach an asymptote. Stem density of U. togoensis Pax (UTDen) and I. doka Craib & Stapf were the most important tree parameters influencing EcM fungi distribution (respectively r 2 = 0.92 / p-value = 0.002 and r 2 = 0.83 / p-value = 0.018). Two sites groups were distinguished and four indicators species were identified.
... Meat, a source of sulfur amino acids, is reserved for special occasions such as festivals and other large events. In times of famine or welding, mushrooms are indeed considered as substitute foods with meat and fish [3]. It is amazing that food, too widespread and popular in tropical Africa as wild mushrooms from the Democratic Republic of Congo, suffer from such a lack of taxonomic data, phytochemical and biological activities. ...
Nutrition is an important aspect of public health because it is linked to many significant diseases and health problems. This work is part of the promotion of traditional foods from the Democratic Republic of Congo in general and in the province of Bandundu, in particular by assessing the selenium content and the antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms. Methanolic extracts from selected mushrooms were characterized for their chemical fingerprint by TLC and their in vitro antioxidant activities using ABTS, DPPH assays. Phyto-chemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, free amines, steroids and terpenes in all species. However, Auricularia delicata and Pleurotus tu-berregium contain flavonoids. All extracts displayed a good radical-scaveng-ing activity at the concentration range 1-300 µg/mL in the following order: Auricularia delicata > Lentinus cf cladopus > Pleurotus tuberregium > Ma-rasmius buzungolo > Schizophillum commune. Studied mushrooms showed the interest quantity of selenium and L. cf cladodus had the highest concentration. Moderate selenium content of these wild mushrooms associated with their important antioxidant activities could provide health benefits to Ban-dundu's populations in protecting against oxidative damage under different conditions including konzo.
... Le rapport Q (L/l) des spores a été calculé. L'identification est faite jusqu'au genre/espèces en se basant sur les documents publiés par De , Verbeken et Walleyn (2010), Eyi-Ndong et al. (2011), Heim (1977 et Beeli (1935). Kesel et Malaisse, 2010). ...
... Material collected between 2008 and 2012 came mainly from the West Sudanian savannah (White 1986), deemed the most suitable area for a study of national macromycete biodiversity in view of its abundant vegetation; the study centered primarily on the deep-soil, wooded savannah and gallery forests bordering rivers of the W National Park in southwestern Niger. Mushrooms were mostly collected using routine sampling methods (Halling 1996, Eyi-Ndong et al. 2011); each species was assigned a collection number and photographed with a Canon 400D, Canon PowerShot G10, or Olympus U 700 digital camera. Fresh mushroom organoleptic data – colour, odour, and taste – and information on gross features likely to be modified during drying and required for identification purposes were entered on field records. ...
This paper reports and discusses preliminary data on new Asian macromycete species now recorded on the African continent and collected for the first time in Niger during sampling conducted in the southwestern region from 2008 to 2012. Descriptions and comments on chorology, systematics,
and closely related species are given for Hymenagaricus subepipastus, Clitopilus orientalis, Tulostoma evanescens, Termitomyces bulborhizus, and Volvariella cf. sathei.
