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Oxidative stress occurs due to the imbalance amount of the free radicals and antioxidants in human body which often associated with numerous chronic diseases. The antioxidant properties of red palm-pressed mesocarp olein (PPMO) have not been widely studied. Therefore, antioxidant properties of PPMO relative to commercially available edible oils, na...
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Background
Favism is a metabolic disease and this study evaluates the effectiveness of palm oil and its triacylglycerol constituent in favism-induced female rats to restore serum female hormones, ovarian antioxidants, inflammatory markers, and DNA fragmentation.
Methods
Animals were 36 female albino rats. They classified to two equal (normal and favism) groups. The normal group was divided into three equal subgroups: the control, palm oil, and triacylglycerol subgroups. The normal rats were given 1 mL of saline, 1 mL of palm oil, and 1 mL of triacylglycerol orally, respectively. The Favism group was classified also into three equal subgroups: the favism group, the favism + palm oil, the Favism + triacylglycerol. The favism rats were given 1 mL of saline, 1 mL of palm oil, and 1 mL of triacylglycerol orally. For four weeks, all treatments were administered orally via oral gavage once daily.
Results
The hemoglobin, hematocrite, the blood cells, glucose and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and liver function were decreased in favism. Female hormones such as serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, Estrone, Estriol, 17α-Estradiol, 17β-Estradiol, and Estradiol-17-β-stearate were decreased in favism. Ovarian antioxidants were decreased while ovarian inflammatory markers were increased in favism. Favism induced ovarian DNA apoptosis. Furthermore, oral administration with palm oil or its triacylglycerol constituent in favism-induced female rats restored all these parameters to be approached the control levels.
Conclusions
Palm oil restored serum female hormones, ovarian antioxidants, inflammatory markers, and DNA fragmentation in favism-induced female rats and this effect related to oil triacylglycerol constituent.
Red palm-pressed mesocarp olein (PPMO) contains plenty of naturally occurring phytonutrients. However, the application of PPMO in food is limited due to the lack of scientific data. In the study, stability and degradation kinetics of carotenoid and vitamin E in PPMO under two storage temperature, 23°C (with and without light) and 35℃ (without light), for a period of twelve months were performed. Amber bottles were used for optimum protection against damaging UV light. Both temperature and light conditions significantly influenced the total carotenoid and vitamin E contents of PPMO, as well as oil quality in terms of peroxide value and anisidine value to a different extent. Correlation analysis showed that oil quality was significantly but negatively correlated with phytonutrients. In addition, both zero- and first-order kinetic models were able to describe the degradation kinetics of the phytonutrients in PPMO. Zero-order was the best fit with higher correlation coefficients (R²) for both carotenoid and vitamin E contents, except for carotenoid that was kept at 23°C whereby first-order displayed the best fit. The half-life of carotenoid and vitamin E in PPMO were 40.8 months and 21.6 months, respectively under the optimised storage condition (23°C in amber bottles). In conclusion, storage of PPMO at lower temperature and in light-limited environment could effectively lower its oxidation rate and degradation rate of carotenoid and vitamin E, postulating its shelf life to be prolonged.
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