Figure 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Similar publications
Citations
... It was assumed that the improvement in VD-SB balance training group could be due to the fact that the manipulation of visual input was more effective than the manipulation of standing surface to reweighting sensory information in the field of balance activity. Previous studies found that the exercise training with visual restriction by stroke patient affected their gait dynamic stability 27 ) knee joint proprioception 28) , balance and concentration ability 29 ) , gait velocity and balance 7) . Results of the present study extended previous results indicating that a training program with visual restrictions could improve the balance ability in persons with stroke more than training at free vision conditions 28,30) . ...
Objective:
Several strategies have been designed to improve balance after stroke. Although recent studies have suggested that the balance training in stroke should include exercises that are performed in different sensory conflict conditions, little attention has been paid to manipulation of visual input. This study aimed to compare effects of balance training on an unstable surface with balance training under visual deprivation conditions in persons with stroke.
Method:
Forty-five stroke patients were randomized into three groups: the visual deprivation- stable based training (VD-SBT); unstable based training (UBT); and control (C) groups. Subjects of the VD-SBT group performed balance training on a stable surface with closed eyes. The UBT group performed balance training on an unstable surface with open eyes. Patients were assessed before and after interventions for Timed Up and Go (TUG), Four Square Step (FSS) and Five Times Sit to Stand (FTSS) tests.
Result:
There was a significant difference in pre- post intervention time of TUG, FSS and FTSS tests in all three groups. In a comparison of three groups, the UBT and VD-SBT groups had a significant improvement in time of all tests but significant improvement in time of all tests was observed in the VD-SBT group in comparison with the UBT group. In the field of balance training, the manipulation of visual input was more effective than the manipulation of standing surface to reweighting the sensory information.
Conclusion:
We recommended balance rehabilitation programs after stroke performed under conditions to stimulate the use of underused sensory input.
... Methods used to improve balance and gait of stroke patients include training using functional electrical stimulation [8], dual task exercise [9], therapeutic approach through collaborative action of Brunstrom [10], virtual environment rehabilitation [11], mirror therapy [12], and so on. Among them, mirror therapy is one of treatments for patients with brain lesions based on the theory of neuroplasticity in the brain. ...
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of EMG-triggered functional electrical stimulation on balance and gait ability on patient with Chronic Stroke. A total of 60 chronic stroke patients were divided into mirror treatment and functional electrical (MT-EF) Group, MT group, CON group. Each group performed 60 min a day five times a week for eight weeks. MT-FE group was performed 30 min five times a week for eight weeks in mirror therapy process with EMG-FES. MT group performed 30 min five times a week for eight weeks in mirror therapy process. CON group was performed 30 min five times a week for eight weeks in conservative treatment. To measure the balance ability, Biorescue (COP, LOS), Berg balance scale (BBS) and FRT, and the gait ability test was performed by 10 m walk test. MT-FE group revealed significant differences in COP, LOS, BBS, FRT and 10 m walk test as compared to the MT and CON groups (p < 0.05). Our results showed that MT-FE was more effective on COP, LOS, BBS, FRT and 10 m walk test in patients with chronic stroke. Our results also showed that MT-EF group was more effective on balance and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. We suggest that this study can be used for intervention data for recovering balance and gait ability in chronic stroke patients.
The combination of mirror therapy (MT) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been devised as an intervention method in stroke rehabilitation; however, few studies have investigated its efficacy in lower extremity motor function recovery. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined the effectiveness of combined MT and NMES therapy in improving poststroke walking speed, spasticity, balance and other gait parameters. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. In total, six RCTs which involving 181 participants were included. Our findings indicate that MT combined with NMES elicits greater improvement relative to control group in walking speed (SMD = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26–1.07, P = 0.001), Berg Balance Scale (SMD = 0.72; 95% CI 0.31–1.13; P = 0.0007), cadence (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI 0.02–1.16, P = 0.04), step length (SMD = 0.94, 95% CI 0.35–1.53, P = 0.002), and stride length (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.36–1.54, P = 0.002) but not in modified Ashworth scale (SMD = − 0.40, 95% CI − 1.05 to 0.26, P = 0.23). Our findings suggest that MT combined with NMES may be a suitable supplemental intervention to conventional therapy in stroke survivors.
The combination of mirror therapy (MT) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been devised as an intervention method in stroke rehabilitation; however, few studies have investigated its efficacy in lower extremity motor function recovery. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined the effectiveness of combined MT and NMES therapy in improving poststroke walking speed, gait ability, and balance. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. In total, six RCTs which involving 181 participants were included. Our findings indicate that MT combined with NMES elicits greater improvement relative to control group in walking speed (SMD = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–1.07, P = 0.001), Berg Balance Scale (SMD = 5.47; 95% CI: 1.22–9.72; P = 0.01), cadence (SMD = 10.35, 95% CI: 1.15–19.55, P = 0.03), step length (SMD = 6.03, 95% CI: 2.52–9.54, P = 0.0008), and stride length (SMD = 13.10, 95% CI: 3.20–22.99, P = 0.009) but not in modified Ashworth scale (SMD = − 0.35, 95% CI: −0.75 to 0.06, P = 0.09). Our findings suggest that MT combined with NMES may be a suitable supplemental intervention to conventional therapy in stroke survivors.
Objective We investigated the effects of eye movement with PNF neck movement on trunk stability and standing position balance ability of chronic stroke patients.
Methods A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into EMPN group and CON group. EMPN group was performed 60 min three times a week for 8 weeks in eye movement and PNF neck movement. CON group performed conservative treatment for 60min. The trunk stability was measured by the Trunk impairment scale (TIS) and the standing balance ability test was performed by Center of Pressure (COP), Limited of Stability (LOS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Reach Test (FRT).
Results There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between before and after training in both groups, and EMPN group showed significant improvement in both groups.
Conclusions In this study, we confirmed oculogyration and neck movement by PNF have positive effects on the trunk stability and the standing position balance ability of chronic stroke patients.
Objective We investigated the effect of upper limb sensory stimulation and virtual reality rehabilitation (SMVR) on upper extremity active joint angle, function and cognitive ability in chronic stroke patients.
Methods A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into SMVR group and CON group. SMVR group was performed 60 min three times a week for 8 weeks in upper limb sensory stimulation and robot virtual reality rehabilitation. CON group performed conservative treatment and peripheral joint movement for 60 min. The upper limb function was measured by the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test (JTT) and the cognitive ability test was performed by the Stroop test (ST) and Trail making test (TMT).
Results There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between before and after training in both groups, and SMVR group showed significant improvement in both groups.
Conclusions In this study, we confirmed that robot virtual reality training in combination with limb motion stimulation for stroke patients positively affects the angle, function, and concentration of upper extremity active joints in chronic stroke patients.
