Visual representation of various RIS types.

Visual representation of various RIS types.

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Space exploration has witnessed a steady increase since the 1960s, with Mars playing a significant role in our quest for further knowledge. As the ambition to colonize Mars becomes a reality through the collaboration of private companies and space agencies, the need for reliable and robust communication infrastructures in the Martian environment be...

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Context 1
... this section, a concise overview is presented regarding various RIS types, including passive, semi-passive, active, amplifying, and simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR)-RIS, each possessing specific advantages and disadvantages over different scenarios. These RIS types are illustrated in Fig. ...