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The context of an archaeological site with special characteristics, because it is immerse in a peat bog and for its dated age of ca. 4.000 BP, is described. The lithic and archaeofaunistic analysis of Myren 2 site support the idea that it is hard to ascribe functionally, thought it contains interesting information and an outstanding character for T...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... sondeo en 1C puso finalmente al descu- bierto el lecho de huesos esperados, a los -137 cm, mostrando nuevamente una gran cantidad de restos óseos hacia la pared norte (Fig. 5). Comenzaron a aflorar cráneos y huesos largos, en posición horizontal, casi sobre la arcilla. Se identificaron al menos 5 guanacos por los axis en 1m x 40 cm. La excavación culminó a 1,50 m restringida a 60 x 40 cm, dado que se abrían grietas hacia el ...
Context 2
... huellas causadas por agentes naturales: huellas de roedor (13,6%), huellas de carnívoros (10,4%) y huellas de raíces (12,7%). Un aspecto destacable del conjunto es la coloración negruzca y el pulimento por abrasión que presentan la mayoría de los restos óseos, seguramente por las características del sedimento en el que se depositaron los mismos (Fig. 5). . Dibujo de planta de una de las concentraciones de material lítico de la unidad Pozo de ...
Context 3
... relación a las bolas registradas, las tres piezas se encuentran completas y presentan una morfología esferoidal, dos de estas con surco com- pleto en el eje perpendicular al de rotación de la pieza y una paralelo (Fig. 15). Dos de estas piezas fueron elaboradas sobre una materia prima con alto contenido en óxido de hierro y una tercera sobre gabro. En las 3 piezas la elaboración del surco es prolija, coincidiendo en surcos de sección oblicua a recta. El ancho de surco es muy angosto, máximo 4 mm y el acabado del surco no depende de la materia prima ya ...
Context 4
... del surco de sección muy oblicua a recta y de un ancho entre 2 a 4 mm preparado por una incisión o un raspado fino. La profundidad del surco también es destacable en las piezas de ambos sitios. A diferencia de lo observado en las bolas de el sitio La Arcillosa 2 también temporalmente asig- nables a cazadores terrestres del Holoceno medio Fig. 15. Bolas de boleadora con ...
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Citations
This article analyses the access to animal resources during the Holocene using the evidence from a key site – Las Vueltas 1, LV1–, localized in the Northern steppe of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). The contexts analysed from this site yielded at least 85 individuals of Lama guanicoe (guanaco) based on MNI counts: 41 on surface level, 37 in the 3 rd occupation, 6 in the 2 nd , and just 1 in the 1 st. LV1 occupies a low aeolian dune between two lagoons bordered by Tertiary sandstone outcrops; it was interpreted as an appropriate space to capture, kill and process guanacos from the beginning of the Late Holocene. The most useful way to use this natural trap was to work in a communal strategy, implying the participation of several hunters. Furthermore, the site could have also been used for the capture of a single animal, or a reduced number of animals, as happened in the 2 nd occupation. As far as the context of the 3 rd occupation is concerned, it is proposed that this communal strategy may have been used at a larger scale, turning the site into a communal hunting area that we interpret as a ''mass kill'' site. This hypothesis was supported by evidence such as the large amount of guanaco bone remains, the limited and specific range of the fauna assembled at the place, the catastrophic death pattern, the sex and age of hunted animals, a topography appropriate to ambush animals and the large number of fractured lithic points (when compared with other Fuegian sites). Certain conditions such as the topographic relief, hunting season, animal behaviour, social or political issues would have led hunter-gatherers to practice this kind of communal and mass hunting.
Tierra del Fuego represents the southernmost limit of human settlement in the Americas. While people may have started to arrive there around 10 500 BP, when it was still connected to the mainland, the main wave of occupation occurred 5000 years later, by which time it had become an island. The co-existence in the area of maritime huntergatherers (in canoes) with previous terrestrial occupants pre-echoes the culturally distinctive groups encountered by the first European visitors in the sixteenth century. The study also provides a striking example of interaction across challenging natural barriers.
We study the isotopic variability of modern social groups of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and discuss the implications of these results for the analysis of archaeofaunas from archaeological sites of Patagonia. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the study of the isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen from collagen (δ13C and δ15N) is a methodology that allows the discussion of hunting strategies – individual versus mass – carried out by human populations in this particular case of the guanaco from southern Patagonia. Samples come from five modern assemblages of guanacos located in the west margin of the Cardiel Lake and are the result of a catastrophic mortality episode produced by winter stress. The isotopic variability of these samples is compared with that of a mesoregional attritional assemblage built from multiple sites and chronologies. The results indicate, in the first place, that there is no differentiation between males and females, second, that the offspring show no increase of signals when compared to the other age categories and finally, juveniles recorded the lowest δ15N values. In relation to the main purpose of this research, measurements of variability from modern assemblages and the attritional groups have been compared. The three assemblages with lower variability are modern ones. However, the two remaining modern assemblages record a variability higher than or equal to the attritional groups. Thus, for southern Patagonian guanacos, the hypothesis that proposes that the isotopic variability of a herd would be lower than the one obtained from multiple populations and different hunting events is rejected. Finally, we analyze the possible causes for these results together with situations in which δ13C and δ15N can be used in the study of the guanaco hunting strategies in southern Patagonia.
Tierra del Fuego is one of the southernmost insular territories of the planet. Hunter-gatherer populations inhabited it from the end of the last glaciation up to the beginning of the twentieth century. Different archaeological sites give testimony of strategies adopted by hunter-gatherers in the occupation of the insular territory. Nevertheless, most of the investigations concentrate on the northern and central steppes and on the southern coasts. The goal of our research is to study the characteristics of human occupation in the central forests. Fieldwork has led to the discovery of archaeological sites in different environments, in a variety of locations, and displaying wide functional variability. Besides campsites we have also discovered and studied a ceremonial site. The results summarized here confirm that the subantarctic forest constituted an abundant environment; a privileged landscape rich in different kinds of resources, and intensely exploited by the native populations.
