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Virgin Galactic's carrier aircraft VMS Eve shuttles the spaceplane VSS Unity on a test flight. Credit: courtesy of Virgin Galactic (public domain).
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... technology for these launch and space vehicles is relatively well developed. The VSS Unity is initially shuttled on the carrier aircraft VMS Eve (Fig. 1), designed by aerospace designer Burt Rutan. The coupled planes take about 1.5 h to reach an altitude of 50 000 ft (15.25 km). The spaceplane then detaches from its shuttle, and a rocket, powered by thermoplastic polyamide fuel and a nitrous oxide oxidizer [9], ignites and propels the spaceplane upward at Mach 3 for 90 s (Fig. 2). After ...
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La información al visitante es un elemento clave en la gestión de destinos turísticos, la información de que dispongan los clientes actuales y potenciales puede determinar la decisión de viajar a un destino específico y las actividades a realizar en el mismo. La investigación que se presenta aborda precisamente este tema y persigue como objetivo di...
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... With the fast development in exploring the space, travel in space is no longer an impossible idea for people like us. Especially these days with the private rocket companies showed up and successfully launched their own rockets, it is foreseeable that ordinary people will have the opportunity to explore the universe in the future [1]. ...
With the fast development in exploring the space, travel in space is no longer an impossible idea for people like us. Especially these days with the private rocket companies showed up and successfully launched their own rockets, it is foreseeable that ordinary people will have the opportunity to explore the universe in the future. The purpose of this article is to introduce space travel through definitions, impacts, and evidence supporting aspects. The implications of space travel will be analyzed in terms of social, economic, and technological implications, as well as the prospects and current situation of space travel, and will be supported by an analysis of SpaceX's data.
... (Source: Modified from a design Manual of Astrotourism Experiences, n.d) Other Astronomy tourism activities include space journeys in the form of flights to the stratosphere (Wilson, 2019) or space itself (Cohen and Spector, 2019), but also visits to space rocket launch sites, self-discovery in the form of visits to scientific astro-exhibitions, observatories, planetariums, expert lectures on astronomy and cosmology, and meeting astronauts. Virtual reality also belongs to astronomy tourism, adequately substituting real travels into the stratosphere and beyond, thanks to its trusted simulation of space and spaceflight. ...
... (Source: Modified from a design Manual of Astrotourism Experiences, n.d) Other Astronomy tourism activities include space journeys in the form of flights to the stratosphere (Wilson, 2019) or space itself (Cohen and Spector, 2019), but also visits to space rocket launch sites, self-discovery in the form of visits to scientific astro-exhibitions, observatories, planetariums, expert lectures on astronomy and cosmology, and meeting astronauts. Virtual reality also belongs to والفهادق السياحة كلية جملة -عدد 11 -الثاني اجلزء -يونيو 2222 م astronomy tourism, adequately substituting real travels into the stratosphere and beyond, thanks to its trusted simulation of space and spaceflight. ...
... Looking to earth from above is an amazing dream for astronauts and cosmonauts during their one-day travel through the orbit of the earth while glances of stars and the moon salutes them (Bukley, 2000). However, this experience is not only dreamt by astronauts, many people wish to have a look to earth out of atmosphere to see it as a blue globe (Wilson, 2019) and lots of astronauts indeed state that viewing the earth from above was the most outstanding experience that they ever had (Spencer, 2004). ...
This paper aims to investigate the spending limit of space enthusiasts in Turkey. To determine this,
space tourism activities are divided into 3 sections as earth-based space tourism activities,
suborbital and orbital space tourism activities. Data were collected through one of the biggest
open-air events held yearly by space enthusiasts. In addition to that, researchers reached social
media groups which are solely focused about space tourism. 1041 questionnaires were collected
which are available for analyses. According to additional variables about interest on space
tourism, the sample of this research is highly interested in space tourism although they have limited
budget for space tourism activities due to currency difference in Turkey and international market
... As for what is up next for SpaceX, the company has announced that it is getting into the space tourism business, joining a number of competitors, including Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic, which has already flown people on suborbital flights [8]. SpaceX has sold four seats aboard the Crew Dragon to send private citizens on a trip around the Earth in 2021. ...
Space tourism, a niche segment of the aviation industry, has radically altered the private sector. A noticeable trend in this market has been the development of commercial space with numerous start‐ups and ventures underway. Adopting a concept‐driven approach, we conduct a hybrid review to sketch the emerging market areas in space tourism and provided insights into tourists' behavioral responses. Our results are supplemented by an analysis of public viewpoints on space‐faring to gauge their alignment with academic views on space tourism. We also develop an integrative framework to elucidate how personality interacts with scenario to influence the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of space tourists and their responses toward space tourism. We recognize critical gaps in previous literature and propose the following recommendations to guide future research: 1) Conceptualization of travel services and tourism typology in the new space market; 2) theoretical contribution on pragmatic and semantic levels; 3) need for empirical and multi‐disciplinary studies; 4) investigating the role of ethical issues on bilateral arguments toward commercialized space tourism; 5) integrating stakeholders' perspectives to maximize the socioeconomic impacts of space tourism and environmental sustainability; 6) media platforms and application of new technologies; and 7) role of scientific journals in knowledge enhancement.
The reusable launch vehicle (RLV) presents a new avenue for reducing cost of space transportation. The landing mechanism, which provides landing support and impact absorption, is a vital component of the RLV at final stage of recovery. This study proposes a novel legged deployable landing mechanism (LDLM) for RLV. The Watt-II six-bar mechanism is adopted to obtain the preferred configuration via the application of the linkage variation approach. To endow the proposed LDLM with advantages of large landing support region, lightweight, and reasonable linkage internal forces, a multi-objective optimization paradigm is developed. Furthermore, the optimal scale parameters for guiding the LDLM prototype design is obtained numerically using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) evolutionary algorithm. A fully-functional scaled RLV prototype is developed by integrating the gravity-governed deploying scheme to facilitate unfolding action to avoid full-range actuation, a dual-backup locking mechanism to enhance reliability of structure stiffening as fully deployed, and a shock absorber (SA) with multistage honeycomb to offer reliable shock absorbing performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LDLM is capable of providing rapid and smooth deployment (duration less than 1.5 s) with mild posture disturbance to the cabin (yaw and pitch fluctuations less than 6°). In addition, it provides satisfactory impact attenuation (acceleration peak less than 10g) in the 0.2 m freefall test, which makes the proposed LDLM a potential alternative for developing future RLV archetype.
Hypervelocity impact (HVI) vibration source identification and localization have found wide applications in many fields, such as manned spacecraft protection and machine tool collision damage detection and localization. In this paper, we study the synchrosqueezed transform (SST) algorithm and the texture color distribution (TCD) based HVI source identification and localization using impact images. The extracted SST and TCD image features are fused for HVI image representation. To achieve more accurate detection and localization, the optimal selective stitching features OSSST+TCD are obtained by correlating and evaluating the similarity between the sample label and each dimension of the features. Popular conventional classification and regression models are merged by voting and stacking to achieve the final detection and localization. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the HVI data recorded from three kinds of high-speed bullet striking on an aluminum alloy plate is used for experimentation. The experimental results show that the proposed HVI identification and localization algorithm is more accurate than other algorithms. Finally, based on sensor distribution, an accurate four-circle centroid localization algorithm is developed for HVI source coordinate localization.
