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The paper presents the results of field and laboratory investigations carried out on two test embankments located on soft soils in northwestern Poland. Comprehensive investigations including observations of test embankments and laboratory testing have been conducted in order to study the behaviour of the consolidation process in soft subsoil. This...
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... subsoil behaviour was monitored by means of piezome- ters, various types of settlement gauges, and inclinometers that allowed measurements of vertical and horizontal displacements and pore pressures. The measured deformation and pore pres- sure response at both test embankments provided the basis for estimating the influence of geodrains on organic subsoil defor- mation. The magnitude of subsoil deformation at the end of the first and second stages is presented in Figure 2. During observations of the behaviour of embankments at the Antoniny site, an additional effect of vertical drains installed in highly compressible soil was detected. When the subsoil of the embankment with vertical drains was compared with that without drains it was found that the performance of vertical drains changed the pattern of horizontal displacements, i.e., they were smaller and their distribution was more confined. This de- crease of horizontal displacement was associated with an in- crease of undrained shear strength ( Lechowicz et al., 1987;Koda et al., ...
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Step loading compression measurements of ultra-soft soil, obtained from marine environment, was carried out with a hydraulic consolidation cell at moisture contents of 150% and 168%. Three different drainage conditions were tested: radial outward, inward and both inward and outward drainages. Ultra-soft soil showed a significant settlement in the f...
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Citations
... Internationally, several theories specific for the prediction of settlement on peat have been developed based on simple empirical and semiempirical correlations e.g. Flaate (1968), Al-Khafaji and Andersland (1981), Edil and Mochtar (1984), Edil and Simon-Gilles (1986), Stinnette (1998), Den Haan andEl Amir (1994), Carlsten (2000), Sas et al. (2011), Szymanski et al. (2005, Noto (1987), Hayashi et al. (2016). It is difficult to make general statements on the success or otherwise of these methods for predicting settlement in peat. ...
Despite some 9% of Norway's area being underlain by peat the geotechnical characteristics of the material have not been well documented. As peatlands form an excellent carbon sink there is much pressure on planning authorities to avoid the excavation of peat for infrastructure development. In engineering projects in peat often the resulting settlements both in the short and long term are of greatest concern. Because of the high variability of peat, several, largely empirically based, methods exist for predicting settlement on peat. These were often developed based on specific cases. These techniques have shown to be inadequate to generically predict long term creep settlements and the development of settlement with time. Here the engineering characteristics of peat from several sites in the Trondheim area of mid-Norway are studied using a series of field and laboratory tests including three types of oedometer test. The laboratory and field data, together with empirical correlations found in the literature, were used to provide input into the commercially available constitutive model Soft Soil Creep (SSC) in the computer code PLAXIS. The model was initially calibrated using the laboratory test results and then applied to the back-analysis of two full scale field trials in the Trondheim area, where the peat properties were significantly different. The modelling showed that SSC captured well the vertical settlement versus time behaviour of the peat. Guidance is provided for selecting the critical input parameters for SSC such as stiffness, yield stress and permeability. This work contributes towards efforts being made to bridge the gap between the numerical modelling community and practicing engineers.
... Internationally, several theories specific for the prediction of settlement on peat have been developed based on simple empirical and semiempirical correlations e.g. Flaate (1968), Al-Khafaji and Andersland (1981), Edil and Mochtar (1984), Edil and Simon-Gilles (1986), Stinnette (1998), Den Haan andEl Amir (1994), Carlsten (2000), Sas et al. (2011), Szymanski et al. (2005, Noto (1987), Hayashi et al. (2016). It is difficult to make general statements on the success or otherwise of these methods for predicting settlement in peat. ...
... At the test sites two embankments were built in stages to reach the final height of 4.0 m. The embankment construction had to be divided into three stages (Szymanski et al., 2005). The subsoil behaviour was monitored by means of piezometers, various types of settlement gauges, and inclinometers that allowed measurements of vertical and horizontal displacements and pore pressures. ...
... In the long-term tests there is sometimes an upwards curvature of the log time-settlement curve in the secondary compression phase. This phenomenon is called tertiary compression (Szymanski et al., 2005). ...
The paper presents the results of field and laboratory investigations carried out on two test embankments located on soft soils in northwestern Poland. Comprehensive investigations including observations of test embankments and laboratory testing have been conducted in order to study the behaviour of the consolidation process in soft subsoil. This paper presents the analysis of factors determining the assessment of the deformation process of soft subsoil. The analysis was focused on determining non-linear deformation-stress characteristics used for modelling the deformation of soft subsoil under the earth structure. Deformation characteristics obtained in laboratory tests were compared with field measurements, which included vertical and horizontal displacements, as well as pore pressure dissipation. Based on analysis of field observations and laboratory tests results, the characteristics determining the consolidation process were elaborated. RÉSUMÉ L' article présente les résultats des essais in situ et au laboratoire réalisés sur les périmètres expérimentaux situés dans la région nord-ouest de Pologne. Les essais concernaient les mesures des variations des déplacements de la fondation, chargée par des remblais experimentaux. Des essais au laboratoire de tourbe et de gyttja ont également été réalisés afin de déterminer le procès de consolidation des sols faibles. Les résultats obtenus lors des essais au laboratoire ont été comparés aux essais in situ. Les relations empiriques décrivant les procès de deformation des fondations chargées ont été définies.
... At the test sites two embankments were built in stages to reach the final height of 4.0 m the embankment construction had to be divided into three phases [8]. The subsoil behaviour was monitored by means of piezometers, various types of settlement gauges, and inclinometers that allowed measurements of vertical and horizontal displacements and pore pressures. ...
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities (EJPAU) founded by all Polish Agriculture Universities presents original papers and review articles relevant to all aspects of agricultural sciences. It is target for persons working both in science and industry,regulatory agencies or teaching in agricultural sector. ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of laboratory and field investigations carried out on two kinds of soft soils in northwestern Poland. Comprehensive investigations which included the routine and oedometer tests as well as triaxial tests have been conducted in order to study the behaviour of consolidation process in soft subsoils. Analyses of factors which determine the assessment of the deformation process of soft subsoils are presented. The main emphasis has been placed on obtaining the non-linear deformation – stress characteristics, which are being used for modelling of the deformation of soft subsoils under the earth structure.
The paper presents the results of laboratory investigations carried out on two kinds of soft soils in northwestern Poland. Comprehensive investigations which included the routine and oedometer tests as well as triaxial and permeability tests have been conducted in order to study the behaviour of consolidation process in soft subsoils. Analyses of factors which determine the assessment of the deformation process of soft subsoils are presented. The main emphasis has been placed on obtaining the non-linear deformation stress and permeability characteristics, which are being used for modelling of the deformation of soft subsoils under the earth structure.
