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... [7] Differential diagnosis of LC includes AK, viral warts, herpes zoster, verrucous hemangioma, and melanoma. [3,[8][9][10] Rarely bacterial superinfection, and malignant transformation such as lymphangioendothelioma, lymphangiosarcoma can complicate LC. Surgical excision is the most definitive treatment for a localized lesion with the lowest recurrence rate. ...
... [3] Histopathology of AK shows hyperkeratosis and acanthosis which corresponds to whitish veil on dermoscopy, wide and dilated vascular spaces in the papillary dermis correlates to red lacunae, vascular spaces which are partially or completely thrombosed corresponds to dark lacunae, and bleeding and erythema corresponds with hemorrhagic crusts and inflammation in the lesion with erythrocyte extravasation in the papillary dermis represents peripheral erythema on dermoscopy. [3] Pyogenic granuloma, seborrheic keratosis, malignant melanoma, pigmented basal cell carcinoma, dermatofibroma, melanocytic nevi, hemangioma, and Spitz-Reed nevi are the differential diagnosis of AK. [9,10,[13][14][15][16] Treatment options for AK include surgical excision, curettage, diathermy, electrocautery, cryosurgery, and laser therapy. [17] Both LC and AK are common vascular malformations associated with KTS which is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a triad of vascular malformations, bony or soft-tissue hypertrophy involving an extremity and varicose veins which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. ...
Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a rare benign hamartomatous malformation of lymph vessel manifesting at birth or during early childhood. Angiokeratomas (AK) are vascular ectasia of papillary dermal blood vessels with secondary epidermal changes. AK and/or LC are one of the common vascular malformations associated with Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS). The simultaneous appearance of LC and AK has been reported rarely, and the occurrence of LC, AK, and port-wine stain in a patient of KTS is even rarer. Thereby, we report a case of co-occurrence of LC and AK in the same patient without systemic involvement.
... Dermoscopic findings of verrucous hemangioma and its differential diagnosis 1. Verrucous Hemangioma Alveolar appearance with various shadows of bluish small, oval to polygonal elements surrounded by slightly darker pigmentation with well-defined dark lacunae in the periphery. Dominant hyperkeratosis seen in the verrucous lesions[12,13] 2. Infantile Hemangioma Polymorphous pattern of vascular structures with or without red linear and red dilated vessels[14] ...
Verrucous hemangioma (VH) is a rare, congenital and localized vascular malformation, which usually presents as warty, bluish, vascular papules, plaques, or nodules, mainly on the lower extremities. Linear presentation of the disease is rare. A deep biopsy is necessary to confirm the clinical diagnosis by histopathological examination, with dermoscopy acting as a useful tool for evaluating the precise vascular structure. Here, we report on a 13-year-old female child with linear VH presenting over her foot since infancy and dermoscopic findings of VH along with the clinical-pathologic features.
... The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies scheme classifies vascular anomalies into vascular malformations and vascular tumors. Verrucous hemangioma is a misnomer and has been classified as a slow flow venous malformation based on radiologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical studies [7,8]. Verrucous hemangiomas are clinically and histopathologically distinct and can be distinguishable from other vascular malformations [1]. ...
... In a majority of the cases (around 95%), the site of occurrence is the lower extremity and these are mostly unilateral [2]. It may also involve unusual anatomic locations such as the abdomen, arm, and glans penis [7]. The lesions in the early phase of evolution present as non-keratotic, soft, blue-red macules and plaques, which gradually become hyperkeratotic and verrucous. ...
Verrucous hemangioma is a rare, congenital vascular malformation of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue. It is usually present at birth and gradually increases in size and number with age; occasionally it presents in later adulthood. It has a predilection for the lower extremity and usually presents as warty or hyperkeratotic, bluish and partly confluent papules and plaques. Verrucous hemangioma occurring in a linear pattern is an even more uncommon presentation and very few cases have been reported. We report a boy with verrucous hemangioma localized to the left upper extremity in a linear pattern. We also discuss management.
... Dermal and subcutaneous verrucous hemangioma have specific MRI features, making MRI useful in differentiating such verrucous hemangioma from angiokeratoma with similar clinical features [14]. Furthermore, such dermoscopic features may be helpful in diagnosing diseases that differ by the type and area of their associated lesions [15]. ...
Verrucous hemangioma is a rare vascular malformation consisting of a proliferation of dilated blood vessels of different sizes that occupy the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis of the affected area shows a strong proliferative reaction that presents as a warty appearance. Here, we report the case of a 17-year-old male who presented with an asymptomatic warty growth above the lateral malleolus on the right leg, which healed after electrocautery.
Vascular diseases mainly involve vascular disorders and lymphatic disorders. While vascular diseases are heterogeneous and have complex classifications, they can be divided into vascular tumors and vascular malformations according to clinical manifestations and skin imaging, hemodynamic, and histopathology findings. Vascular tumors are also called hemangiomas, which are caused by abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and neoangiogenesis. Vascular tumors can be divided into benign and malignant tumors. Common hemangiomas include infantile hemangiomas (IHs), congenital hemangiomas, cherry angiomas, pyogenic granulomas (PGs), angiokeratomas, Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), etc. Vascular malformations are due to morphological and structural abnormalities in the process of vascular development and differentiation. Port-wine stains are common vascular malformations. Lymphatic diseases can be divided into lymphangiomas and lymphatic malformations. Localized lymphangiomas are a common type of lymphatic disease.
