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Vermiculariopsiella pediculata (ex culture HAL 2451 F). a. Colonies on PCA (obverse and reverse, respectively) at 25oC after 7 days. b, c. Conidia. d. Conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 10 μm.
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Two microfungi from a forest in Portugal are described and illustrated. The new
species Minimelanolocus manifestus is distinguished by polyblastic, integrated, sympodial
conidiogenous cells, and solitary, cymbiform, (2–)3-septate, smooth conidia with pale brown
middle cells and subhyaline end cells. A new combination Vermiculariopsiella pediculata...
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An updated checklist of microfungi, excluding bambusicolous fungi, recorded on grasses from Thailand is provided. The host plant(s) from which the fungi were recorded in Thailand is given. Those species for which molecular data is available is indicated. In total, 172 species and 35 unidentified taxa have been recorded. They belong to the main taxo...
During a survey of conidial fungi carried out in aquatic and terrestrial habitats in the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil, three new species were found on decaying plants. Anungitopsis caatingensis sp. nov. was found on decaying leaves collected in a terrestrial habitat. Codinaea pindobacuensis sp. nov. and Stanjehughesia clavata sp. nov. were fo...
Two new species of microfungi, Pleurothecium bicoloratum and Sporidesmiopsis pluriseptata, found on decaying plant materials are described and illustrated. Pleurothecium bicoloratum, also collected in Venezuela, is distinguished by broad allantoid, bicolored, 3-septate, smooth conidia with dark olivaceous-brown central cells and hyaline ends; S. pl...
Citations
... Vermiculariopsiella (Bender 1932), however, includes setose sporodochia or mononematous fungi with simple or branched setae and phialidic conidiogenous cells (Seifert et al. 2011). Some Circinotrichum and Gyrothrix species have been transferred to Vermiculariopsiella, i.e., Circinotrichum microspermum, Gyrothrix cornuta and G. pediculata (Nawawi & Kuthubutheen 1990, Castañeda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2013. Vermiculariopsis (Torrend 1912) a monotypic genus with branched setae very similar to some species of Vermiculariopsiella was suggested as an older name for Vermiculariopsiella (Crous et al. 2018), but no formal changes were proposed. ...
... portugAl, Minho province, Lagoas de Bertiandos, N41°46ʹ W8°38ʹ, FMR 12187, on rotten leaf of unidentified plant, 9 Nov. 2011, R.F. Castañeda, M. HernándezRestrepo, J. Gené & J. MarinéGené Notes -This strain was previously identified as V. pedicu lata based on morphological characteristics (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2013). At the time of collection, sporulation was very similar in culture to that observed on the natural substrate. ...
... The other genera included in this study have polyblastic conidiogenous cells, with thin walls at the apex, that in old specimens can lead to a misinterpretation as phialidic conidiogenesis. Recently some studies revealed that the phialidic species previously included in Gyrothrix belong to Vermiculariopsiella (Castañeda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2013. In our study molecular and morphological evidence show that Vermiculari opsiella s.lat. ...
Circinotrichum, Gyrothrix and Vermiculariopsiella represent a complex of dematiaceous, setose, saprobic hyphomycetes that are commonly collected on plant litters in tropical, subtropical to temperate climates. Multi-locus analysis (ITS, LSU, rpb2) and morphological studies revealed that Gyrothrix and Circinotrichum are polyphyletic and species belong to 10 genera grouping in three different clades within Xylariales, named Coniocessiaceae (Circinotrichum and Pirozynskiomyces gen. nov.), Microdochiaceae (Selenodriella and the resurrected genus Peglionia) and the new family Gyrothricaceae (Gyrothrix, Xenoanthostomella, Neogyrothrix gen. nov., Pseudocircinotrichum gen. nov., and Pseudoceratocladium gen. nov.). Vermiculariopsiella (Vermiculariopsiellales, Vermiculariopsiellaceae) is emended for species with setose sporodochia with simple setae (V. dichapetali, V. eucalypticola, V. immersa, V. pini, V. spiralis, V. australiensis sp. nov.) while Vermiculariopsis is resurrected and includes setose fungi with branched setae (Vs. dunni, Vs. eucalypti, Vs. eucalyptigena, Vs. lauracearum, Vs. microsperma, Vs. pediculata and Vs. castanedae sp. nov.).
Citation: Hernández-Restrepo M, Decock CA, Costa MM, et al. 2022. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Circinotrichum, Gyrothrix, Vermiculariopsiella and other setose hyphomycetes. Persoonia 49: 99–135. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.03.
... However, Cladophialophora has unbranched, micro-to semimacronematous conidiophores while Metulocladosporiella has branched, macronematous, mononematous conidiophores Notes -Minimelanolocus was introduced by Castañeda- Ruiz et al. (2001) and typified by M. navicularis based on segregation of some atypical species from Pseudospiropes. The genus is characterized by conspicuous, mononematous, solitary or fasciculate, septate, erect, straight or flexuous, smooth or verrucose, cylindrical, sinuate or geniculate, brown to dark brown conidiophores, with a melanized base and hyaline to brown, oblong, cylindrical, clavate to fusiform, euseptate, acropleurogenous conidia (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2001, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2013, Xia et al. 2014. Pseudospiropes species have comparatively smaller, ellipsoidal and distoseptate conidia (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2001, Ma et al. 2011a. ...
The order Chaetothyriales, are mainly epiphytes, often with the appearance of sooty moulds and are found adpressed to the surface of leaves and stems, gaining nutrients from sugary exudates. Others can be saprobes growing on decaying wood or pathogens on plants, mushrooms and animals, including humans. This group has other ecologies, such as being associated with ants, rocks and lichens. Most species of Chaetothyriales are delimited exclusively by morphology. There has been very little molecular reassessment of the group. We revisit the recently listed genera in Chaetothyriales as in the Outline of the Fungi 2020. Currently, the families, Chaetothyriaceae, Coccodiniaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, Epibryaceae, Herpotrichiellaceae, Lyrommataceae, Microtheliopsidaceae, Paracladophialophoraceae, Pyrenotrichaceae and Trichomeriaceae, with 55 genera are accepted in Chaetothyriales. Four genera have not been resolved and are placed in Chaetothyriales genera incertae sedis. A checklist and a backbone tree of Chaetothyriales based on ITS and LSU sequence data are provided. Illustrations, line drawings, and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and the literature
... Castañeda [≡ M. navicularis], is characterized by conidiophores that are macronematous, mononematous, erect, unbranched, smooth or verrucose and conidiogenous cells that are polyblastic, sympodial elongated, terminal, indeterminate, and with inconspicuous or slightly prominent, narrow, opaque, refractive to somewhat obscure conidiogenous loci. Minimelanolocus currently comprises 31 species ( Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2001, 2003Fiuza et al. 2017;Heredia et al. 2014;Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2012;Liu et al. 2015;Ma et al. 2008Ma et al. , 2011Tian et al. 2016;Xia et al. 2014;Zhang et al. 2009Zhang et al. , 2010), most of which occur as saprobes on decaying leaves, rotten wood, dead branches, bamboo culms, and submerged plant debris in aquatic habitats. During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a Brazilian Atlantic forest, two conspicuous fungi representing Minimelanolocus were collected. ...
Minimelanolocus navicularis and a new species, M. atlanticus, are described and illustrated from collections on decaying leaves of unidentified plants. Minimelanolocus atlanticus is distinguished by oblong, 2-septate conidia, with brown basal and central cells and gray to subhyaline apical cell and slightly flattened or sub-rounded apex. Notes are provided on M. navicularis recorded from Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
... nov.(MFLUCC 12-0389) represents alineage distinct from other genera in Herpotrichiellaceae (Fig. 1) ,2 011). Minimelanolocus is a morphologically well-studied genus, which has been described from awide range of hosts (Zhang et al.,2010;Ma et al.,2011a, b;Hernández-Restrepo et al.,2013;Xia et al.,2 014). Presently,t here are 24 species listed in Minimelanolocus (Index Fungorum, 2016) worldwide, and most are saprobes on rotten leaves or dead twigs, wood and bark. ...
Herpotrichiellaceae is an interesting, but confused family in Chaetothyriales; the latter has been considered to represent a natural and well-defined group. A new genus Melanoctona was collected on decaying wood of Tectona grandis in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand and is introduced in Herpotrichiellaceae. It has a unique combination of morphological and phylogenetic characters. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data place Melanoctona in a distinct lineage in Herpotrichiellaceae. Melanoctona is distinguished from other genera in Herpotrichiellaceae by its hyphomycetous formation and muriform, ellipsoidal to ovoid, brown to dark brown conidia. Minimelanolocus yunnanensis sp. nov. is also introduced. This species inhabits decaying wood in freshwater streams and rivers in Yunnan Province, China. Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of combined ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data, as well as a distinct morphology provide evidence for this new species. Comprehensive descriptions and illustrations of Melanoctona tectonae gen. et sp. nov. and Minimelanolocus yunnanensis sp. nov. are provided with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny. Minimelanolocus yunnanensis is compared with morphologically similar taxa.
... This first taxonomic account of the genus included ten new combinations of Minimelanolocus based on the species transferred from the genera Pseudospiropes, Helminthosporium, and Belemnospora, and one new species M. curvisporus (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2001). In recent studies, several species of Minimelanolocus have been described from a wide range of hosts worldwide based on morphology (Zhang et al. 2010;Ma et al. 2011a, b;Hern andez-Restrepo et al. 2013;Xia et al. 2014), however living cultures of the type species M. navicularis, which was originally described from Cuba are unavailable. Therefore, the generic identification of isolates in all the recent studies completely rely on the morphological characters outlined in Castañeda-Ruiz et al. (2001). ...
... In Minimelanolocus, conidiophores are generally conspicuous, mononematous, solitary or fasciculate, septate, erect, straight or flexuous, smooth or verrucose, cylindrical, sinuate or geniculate, and brown to dark brown with the melanised base (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2001). The conidia are generally oblong, obovoid, cylindrical, navicular, clavate, obclavate, broadly fusiform to turbinate, attenuate and narrowly truncate and obscure or refractive at the base, euseptate, acropleurogenous, dry, smooth or verrucose, pale olivaceous, pale brown to dark brown (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2001;Hern andez-Restrepo et al. 2013;Xia et al. 2014). However, the conidial characters show a great variation in shape, size, septation and melanization of the central, basal and apical cells (Ma et al. 2008;Zhang et al. 2009;Zhang et al. 2010). ...
We are studying the freshwater lignicolous fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient in Asia. In this paper, fresh collections of Minimelanolocus from submerged wood in streams in Yunnan Province, China are characterised based on morphology and molecular phylogeny based on three rDNA regions: 18S (SSU), ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and 28S nuclear rDNA (LSU). The phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and SSU sequence data and a separate analysis of ITS placed the isolates within the family Herpotrichiellaceae, order Chaetothyriales. An updated phylogenetic backbone tree for Chaetothyriales is provided with available ex-type and additional isolates. One of the isolates collected was identified as Minimelanolocus obscurus based on morphology and molecular data. Minimelanolocus aquaticus, M. asiaticus, M. curvatus and M. melanicus are described as new species considering the interspecific ITS variability and morphology. The phylogenetic placement of Minimelanolocus in Chaetothyriales is novel and provides new sequence data for the genus as a distinct lineage in Chaetothyriales. The conidial characters of all the known species in the genus are summarized. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the five species of Minimelanolocus with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.
During an investigation of freshwater fungi in Jiangxi province, China, a new hyphomycetous fungus, Aquapteridospora jiangxiensis, was collected and isolated. Aquapteridospora jiangxiensis is characterized by its unbranched and guttulate conidiophores with multi-septa swollen at the base, polyblastic conidiogenous cells with sympodial proliferations, and denticles, and guttulate conidia with a sheath. A photo plate of the macro- and micro-morphology and a muti-loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2) phylogenetic tree are provided. A key to the species of Aquapteridospora is also presented in this paper.
During an investigation of freshwater fungi in Jiangxi province, China, a new hyphomycetous species, Aquapteridospora jiangxiensis , was collected and isolated. A. jiangxiensis is characterized by its unbranched and guttulate conidiophores with multi-septa and swollen at the base, polyblastic conidiogenous cells with sympodial proliferations and denticles, guttulate conidia with a sheath. The new species was illustrated and a muti-loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2) phylogenetic tree was constructed. Pleurophragmium bambusinum was is transferred to Aquapteridospora based on molecular and morphological data. A key to the species of Aquapteridospora is presented in this paper.
Seven new genera, 26 new species, 10 new combinations, two epitypes, one new name, and 20 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera are: Italiofungus (based on Italiofungus phillyreae ) on leaves of Phillyrea latifolia (Italy); Neolamproconium (based on Neolamproconium silvestre ) on branch of Tilia sp. (Ukraine); Neosorocybe (based on Neosorocybe pini ) on trunk of Pinus sylvestris (Ukraine); Nothoseptoria (based on Nothoseptoria caraganae ) on leaves of Caragana arborescens (Russia); Pruniphilomyces (based on Pruniphilomyces circumscissus ) on Prunus cerasus (Russia); Vesiculozygosporium (based on Vesiculozygosporium echinosporum ) on leaves of Muntingia calabura (Malaysia); Longiseptatispora (based on Longiseptatispora curvata ) on leaves of Lonicera tatarica (Russia). New species are: Barrmaelia serenoae on leaf of Serenoa repens (USA); Chaetopsina gautengina on leaves of unidentified grass (South Africa); Chloridium pini on fallen trunk of Pinus sylvestris (Ukraine); Cadophora fallopiae on stems of Reynoutria sachalinensis (Poland); Coleophoma eucalyptigena on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp. (Spain); Cylindrium corymbiae on leaves of Corymbia maculata (Australia); Diaporthe tarchonanthi on leaves of Tarchonanthus littoralis (South Africa); Elsinoe eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus propinqua (Australia); Exophiala quercina on dead wood of Quercus sp., (Germany); Fusarium californicum on cambium of budwood of Prunus dulcis (USA); Hypomyces gamsii on wood of Alnus glutinosa (Ukraine); Kalmusia araucariae on leaves of Araucaria bidwillii (USA); Lectera sambuci on leaves of Sambucus nigra (Russia); Melanomma populicola on fallen twig of Populus canadensis (Netherlands), Neocladosporium syringae on branches of Syringa vulgarishorus (Ukraine); Paraconiothyrium iridis on leaves of Iris pseudacorus (Ukraine); Pararoussoella quercina on branch of Quercus robur (Ukraine); Phialemonium pulveris from bore dust of deathwatch beetle (France); Polyscytalum pinicola on needles of Pinus tecunumanii (Malaysia); Acervuloseptoria fraxini on Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Russia); Roussoella arundinacea on culms of Arundo donax (Spain); Sphaerulina neoaceris on leaves of Acer negundo (Russia); Sphaerulina salicicola on leaves of Salix fragilis (Russia); Trichomerium syzygii on leaves of Syzygium cordatum (South Africa); Uzbekistanica vitis-viniferae on dead stem of Vitis vinifera (Ukraine); Vermiculariopsiella eucalyptigena on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Australia).
Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10–15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of ‘Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’ in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the “Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi” published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell & Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not. (Art. 59).
Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Vermiculariopsiella eucalypti, Mulderomyces natalis (incl. Mulderomyces gen. nov.), Fusicladium paraamoenum, Neotrimmatostroma paraexcentricum, and Pseudophloeospora eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus spp., Anungitea grevilleae (on leaves of Grevillea sp.), Pyrenochaeta acaciae (on leaves of Acacia sp.), and Brunneocarpos banksiae (incl. Brunneocarpos gen. nov.) on cones of Banksia attenuata. Novel foliicolous taxa from South Africa include Neosulcatispora strelitziae (on Strelitzia nicolai), Colletotrichum ledebouriae (on Ledebouria floridunda), Cylindrosympodioides brabejum (incl. Cylindrosympodioides gen. nov.) on Brabejum stellatifolium, Sclerostagonospora ericae (on Erica sp.), Setophoma cyperi (on Cyperus sphaerocephala), and Phaeosphaeria breonadiae (on Breonadia microcephala). Novelties described from Robben Island (South Africa) include Wojnowiciella cissampeli and Diaporthe cissampeli (both on Cissampelos capensis), Phaeotheca salicorniae (on Salicornia meyeriana), Paracylindrocarpon aloicola (incl. Paracylindrocarpon gen. nov.) on Aloe sp., and Libertasomyces myopori (incl. Libertasomyces gen. nov.) on Myoporum serratum. Several novelties are recorded from La Réunion (France), namely Phaeosphaeriopsis agapanthi (on Agapanthus sp.), Roussoella solani (on Solanum mauritianum), Vermiculariopsiella acaciae (on Acacia heterophylla), Dothiorella acacicola (on Acacia mearnsii), Chalara clidemiae (on Clidemia hirta), Cytospora tibouchinae (on Tibouchina semidecandra), Diaporthe ocoteae (on Ocotea obtusata), Castanediella eucalypticola, Phaeophleospora eucalypticola and Fusicladium eucalypticola (on Eucalyptus robusta), Lareunionomyces syzygii (incl. Lareunionomyces gen. nov.) and Parawiesneriomyces syzygii (incl. Parawiesneriomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Syzygium jambos. Novel taxa from the USA include Meristemomyces arctostaphylos (on Arctostaphylos patula), Ochroconis dracaenae (on Dracaena reflexa), Rasamsonia columbiensis (air of a hotel conference room), Paecilomyces tabacinus (on Nicotiana tabacum), Toxicocladosporium hominis (from human broncoalveolar lavage fluid), Nothophoma macrospora (from respiratory secretion of a patient with pneumonia), and Penidiellopsis radicularis (incl. Penidiellopsis gen. nov.) from a human nail. Novel taxa described from Malaysia include Prosopidicola albizziae (on Albizzia falcataria), Proxipyricularia asari (on Asarum sp.), Diaporthe passifloricola (on Passiflora foetida), Paramycoleptodiscus albizziae (incl. Paramycoleptodiscus gen. nov.) on Albizzia falcataria, and Malaysiasca phaii (incl. Malaysiasca gen. nov.) on Phaius reflexipetalus. Two species are newly described from human patients in the Czech Republic, namely Microascus longicollis (from toenails of patient with suspected onychomycosis), and Chrysosporium echinulatum (from sole skin of patient). Furthermore, Alternaria quercicola is described on leaves of Quercus brantii (Iran), Stemphylium beticola on leaves of Beta vulgaris (The Netherlands), Scleroderma capeverdeanum on soil (Cape Verde Islands), Scleroderma dunensis on soil, and Blastobotrys meliponae from bee honey (Brazil), Ganoderma mbrekobenum on angiosperms (Ghana), Geoglossum raitviirii and Entoloma kruticianum on soil (Russia), Priceomyces vitoshaensis on Pterostichus melas (Carabidae) (Bulgaria) is the only one for which the family is listed, Ganoderma ecuadoriense on decaying wood (Ecuador), Thyrostroma cornicola on Cornus officinalis (Korea), Cercophora vinosa on decorticated branch of Salix sp. (France), Coprinus pinetorum, Coprinus littoralis and Xerocomellus poederi on soil (Spain). Two new genera from Colombia include Helminthosporiella and Uwemyces on leaves of Elaeis oleifera. Two species are described from India, namely Russula intervenosa (ectomycorrhizal with Shorea robusta), and Crinipellis odorata (on bark of Mytragyna parviflora). Novelties from Thailand include Cyphellophora gamsii (on leaf litter), Pisolithus aureosericeus and Corynascus citrinus (on soil). Two species are newly described from Citrus in Italy, namely Dendryphiella paravinosa on Citrus sinensis, and Ramularia citricola on Citrus floridana. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS nrDNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.
