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Ventral vews of Apristurus melanoasper (A) and A. platyrhynchus (B), showing differences in pectoral fin shape and P1-P2 space in relation to pectoral fin size. A. Australian specimen, HUMZ 139936, male, 695.3 mm TL; B. TMFE 520, male, 739 mm TL. Arrow indicates origin of pelvic fin.
Source publication
North Atlantic species Apristurus melanoasper Iglésias, Nakaya & Stehmann, 2004 is confirmed to occur in the waters of Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Indian Ocean and eastern South Atlantic Ocean. This is the largest range extension for a species of the genus Apristurus.
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Citations
... Clasper morphology in species of Apristurus vary in relation to the occurrence of clasper hooks and accessory marginal and terminal cartilages as well as the development degree of envelope (present study; Nakaya & Stehamnn, 1998;Nakaya & Séret, 1999;Nakaya & Sato, 2000;Iglésias, Nakaya, & Stehmann, 2004;Kawauchi, Sasahara, Sato, & Nakaya, 2008;Nakaya, Sato, & Iglesias, 2008;Sato, Nakaya, & Yorozu, 2008;Iglésias, 2012;Sato, Stewart, & Nakaya, 2013). Some species currently classified in Apristurus have already been assigned to Parmaturus, like A. manis and A. stevensi (Compagno, 1988;Springer, 1979). ...
The presence of claspers is one of the main characteristics of the cartilaginous fishes, but its variations across taxa have received limited use in shark systematics and have generally been neglected in descriptions of species. Clasper descriptions are available only for a few catshark species and most of these are focused only in external morphology. Besides that, divergences regarding the identification of some structures persist in the literature emphasizing the need of more encompassing morphological comparative analyses on claspers of scyliorhinids. In this study, claspers structures of almost all catshark genera were examined, described, and illustrated (except Akheilos and Pentanchus) and comments on their phylogenetic significance are provided. Some characters such as degree of development of rhipidions and terminal dermal cover, occurrence, position and size of accessory marginal and terminal cartilages proved to be useful for taxonomic purposes and their significance along carcharhiniforms systematics needs to be further investigated.
Research highlights
Clasper morphology of catsharks is described and compared and its systematic significance is discussed here. External morphology and skeleton components of claspers vary widely among scyliorhinids and may be useful in phylogenetic analyses.
... The taxonomy of the genus was locally or partially revised by Springer (1966Springer ( , 1979, Nakaya (1975), and Cadenat & Blache (1981), and summarized by Compagno (1984Compagno ( , 1988. However, the taxonomy of the genus is still not well resolved despite numerous studies by Nakaya (1988aNakaya ( , 1988bNakaya ( , 1989Nakaya ( , 1991, Nakaya & Séret (1992, 2000, Nakaya & Sato (1998, 2000, Nakaya & Stehmann (1998), Sato et al. (1999Sato et al. ( , 2008Sato et al. ( , 2013, Iglésias et al. (2002Iglésias et al. ( , 2005a, , Nakaya et al. (2008aNakaya et al. ( , 2008b, Kawauchi et al. (2008), Sasahara et al. (2008), White et al. (2008), Iglésias (2012), and Nakaya & Kawauchi (2013). The genus Apristurus currently comprises 37 valid species, which are divided into three groups, i.e. the long-snouted 'longicephalus' group and the short-snouted 'brunneus' and 'spongiceps' groups . ...
A new deep-water catshark of the genus Apristurus Garman, 1913 is described based on nine specimens from the Gulf of Aden in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Apristurus breviventralis sp. nov. belongs to the ‘brunneus group’ of the genus and is characterized by having pectoral-fin tips reaching beyond the midpoint between the paired fin bases, a much shorter pectoral-pelvic space than the anal-fin base, a low and long-based anal fin, and a first dorsal fin located behind pelvic-fin insertion. The new species most closely resembles the western Atlantic species Apristurus canutus , but is distinguishable in having greater nostril length than internarial width and longer claspers in adult males. Apristurus breviventralis sp. nov. represents the sixth species of Apristurus from the western Indian Ocean and the 38th species globally.
... The taxonomy of the genus was locally or partially revised by Springer (1966Springer ( , 1979, Nakaya (1975), and Cadenat & Blache (1981), and summarized by Compagno (1984Compagno ( , 1988. However, the taxonomy of the genus is still not well resolved despite numerous studies by Nakaya (1988aNakaya ( , 1988bNakaya ( , 1989Nakaya ( , 1991, Nakaya & Séret (1992, 2000, Nakaya & Sato (1998, 2000, Nakaya & Stehmann (1998), Sato et al. (1999Sato et al. ( , 2008Sato et al. ( , 2013, Iglésias et al. (2002Iglésias et al. ( , 2005a, , Nakaya et al. (2008aNakaya et al. ( , 2008b, Kawauchi et al. (2008), Sasahara et al. (2008), White et al. (2008), Iglésias (2012), and Nakaya & Kawauchi (2013). The genus Apristurus currently comprises 37 valid species, which are divided into three groups, i.e. the long-snouted 'longicephalus' group and the short-snouted 'brunneus' and 'spongiceps' groups . ...
A new deep-water catshark of the genus Apristurus Garman, 1913 is described based on nine specimens from the Gulf of Aden in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Apristurus breviventralis sp. nov. belongs to the ‘brunneus group’ of the genus and is characterized by having pectoral-fin tips reaching beyond the midpoint between the paired fin bases, a much shorter pectoral-pelvic space than the anal-fin base, a low and long-based anal fin, and a first dorsal fin located behind pelvic-fin insertion. The new species most closely resembles the western Atlantic species Apristurus canutus, but is distinguishable in having greater nostril length than internarial width and longer claspers in adult males. Apristurus breviventralis sp. nov. represents the sixth species of Apristurus from the western Indian Ocean and the 38th species globally.
... The most significant difference found was in the size of the dermal denticles (0.3-0.7 mm), which were larger in European specimens. In 2008, this species was also encountered in the South Pacific, Indian and South Atlantic oceans at depths of 880-1275 m (Nakaya et al., 2008b). The diagnosis was similar and the dermal denticles were within the range of the North Atlantic populations (0.3-0.7 mm), but were more similar in size to American specimens. ...
The aim of this study was to identify some of the Apristurus species by combining morphometric and genetic tools. Several specimens of the genus Apristurus were caught on the Galicia Bank Seamount (NE Atlantic), between 1460 and 1809 m depths, during a multidisciplinary survey carried out in 2011 within the framework of the INDEMARES Project. Morphometric and genetic analyses were conducted to aid the identification of the specimens collected. A total of 20 specimens were identified, of which 18 corresponded to Apristurus aphyodes (Nakaya and Stehmann, 1998), one to A. profundorum (Goode and Bean, 1896) and one to A. melanoasper Iglesias, Nakaya & Stehmann, 2004. Genetic results based on the mtDNA COI sequences (682–690 bp fragment of the COI gene) support the identification of A. profundorum and A. melanoasper, with a bootstrap of 99 and 96%, respectively. The identification of A. aphyodes was also performed using a 499 bp fragment of the 16S mitochondrial gene. These are the first records of the Apristurus species from Galician waters, which extends their known area of distribution and provides more information on different biological and ecological aspects of this complex taxonomic group.
... Worldwide taxonomic studies of the genus are being made by Nakaya and colleagues, e.g. Nakaya (1975Nakaya ( , 1988aNakaya ( , 1988bNakaya ( , 1989Nakaya ( , 1991, Nakaya & Sato (1998, 1999, 2000, Nakaya et al. (2008aNakaya et al. ( , 2008b, Nakaya & Séret (1992, 1999, 2000, Nakaya & Stehmann (1998), Iglésias et al. (2002Iglésias et al. ( , 2005, , Kawauchi et al. (2008), Sasahara et al. (2008), and Sato et al. (1999Sato et al. ( , 2008Sato et al. ( , 2013. In addition, White et al. (2008) and Iglésias (2012) presented new species descriptions from Australia and New Caledonia, respectively. ...
Sharks of the genus Apristurus from Taiwanese waters are reviewed for the first time, and incorrect scientific names and wrong taxonomic information given in the literature are corrected. After extensive examination of specimens deposited in various museums, universities and fisheries institutions in Taiwan, Japan and China, the following five species are recognized from Taiwanese waters: Apristurus herklotsi (Fowler, 1934), A. longicephalus Nakaya, 1975, A. gibbosus Meng, Chu & Li, 1985, A. macrostomus Chu, Meng & Li, 1985, and A. platyrhynchus (Tanaka, 1909). Apristurus herklotsi, A. longicephalus, A. gibbosus and A. macrostomus are reported from Taiwanese waters for the first time, and the presence of A. platyrhynchus is formally recognized based on a single voucher specimen. Each species is fully described, and a key to the species of Apristurus in Taiwanese waters is provided. Morphological and biological information of each species is also provided.
... The first description of a new species of Apristurus from New Zealand waters was by Sato et al. (1999), who described A. exsanguis. Nakaya et al. (2008a), Kawauchi et al. (2008), Sasahara et al. (2008), Sato et al. (2008) and White et al. (2008) subsequently increased the number of Apristurus from Australian waters by a further six species, three of which were new. These species subsequently appeared in Last & Stevens (2009). ...
A new deep-water catshark, Apristurus garricki sp. nov., is described from northern New Zealand waters. This species is a member of the longicephalus-group and has a conspicuously elongated prenarial snout and short duodenum and is morphologically similar to A. herklotsi from the western North Pacific and A. australis from Australian waters. A. garricki sp. nov. differs from A. australis and A. herklotsi by possessing large dermal denticles on the dorsal side of the body, and higher counts of monospondylous vertebrae and spiral valves. In addition, this species can be distinguished from A. herklotsi by its larger size at maturation, a higher count of monospondylous vertebrae and spiral valves, and distinct longitudinal striations on the surface of egg cases. It differs from A. australis by having fewer tooth rows on both jaws and the posterior position of the first dorsal-fin insertion being distinctly behind pelvic insertions. This species is currently only known from northern New Zealand waters, and is thought to be endemic to this region.
... Seven species of Apristurus were encountered during the cruise ''Opéra-08''. The station 030 was particularly rich in Apristurus diversity as the single known specimen of Apristurus nakayai was found in the same shot with 11 other specimens belonging to five other species: one A. albisoma, two A. longicephalus (yet studied by Iglésias et al., 2005b), two A. melanoasper (yet studied by Nakaya et al., 2008a), one A. platyrhynchus and five A. cf. sinensis. ...
A new species of deepwater catshark (Pentanchidae) is described based on a single adult male measuring 676 mm TL that was collected at a depth of 953-1022 m on the Coriolis Bank off western New Caledonia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Within the genus Apristurus, the species belongs to the brunneus group whose members share a higher spiral valve count and the upper labial furrows are longer than the lower furrows. Apristurus nakayai sp. nov. differs from its congeners of the brunneus group through a combination of the following characters: shiny white iris on fresh specimen (unique among the genus); brownish black colouration; short distance from pectoral-fin tip to pelvic-fin origin, subequal to internarial width; cloaca located well anterior to the midpoint of the total length; pectoral fins large, width about 2.7 times pectoral fin tip to pelvic fin origin; long anal-fin base, longer than distance between dorsal fin insertions; first dorsal fin located well behind pelvic-fin insertion; first dorsal fin markedly smaller than second dorsal fin; very long caudal-fin terminal lobe, its length more than twice its height; no denticles in the mouth; very short pyloric stomach; intestinal spiral valves 16; monospondylous vertebrae 36; precaudal diplospondylous vertebrae 37. DNA barcoding from the COI sequence reveal high genetic distances with its Australasian congeners.
... Generally, there is a high level of unrecognized cryptic diversity among deep-sea sharks, which is also demonstrated by several recent publications on new species of deep-sea sharks especially within the order Squaliformes (e.g. Schaaf da Silva & Ebert 2006;Ward et al. 2005Ward et al. , 2007White et al. 2008) and new information on patterns of dispersal of species (Nakaya et al. 2008;Oñ ate & Pequeñ o 2005;Reyes & Hü ne 2006;Soto 2001). Results from our study reveal the existence of previously undescribed species and the problem of species misidentification in a group of sharks regularly caught as by-catch in commercial fisheries. ...
Straube, N., Kriwet, J. & Schliewen, U. K. (2010). Cryptic diversity and species assignment of large lantern sharks of the Etmopterus spinax clade from the Southern Hemisphere (Squaliformes, Etmopteridae). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 61–75.
Many species of the speciose deep-sea shark family Etmopteridae (lantern sharks) are a regular by-catch component of deepwater trawl and longline commercial fisheries. As for many elasmobranchs, the low fecundity, late sexual maturation and extreme longevity of the lantern sharks increase their susceptibility to overfishing. However, the taxonomic uncertainty within etmopterids and the poorly known patterns of dispersal of these shark species hampers the establishment of reasonable monitoring efforts. Here, we present the first molecular approach to clarify the taxonomy and distribution of a morphologically uniform group of lantern sharks comprising Etmopterus granulosus and closely related congeners by using nucleotide sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene and amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Samples were collected from several locations in the Southern Hemisphere, where the species occur. Our analyses reveal a high level of cryptic diversity. E. granulosus is not endemic to Chile, but instead has a widespread distribution in the Southern Hemisphere being synonymous to New Zealand Etmopterus baxteri. Conversely, specimens previously assigned to E. baxteri from off South Africa apparently represent a distinct species. Our results provide the basis for the re-description of E. granulosus and E. baxteri which will help in the establishment of useful monitoring and management strategies.
... and Scyliorhinus spp. (Graham, 1956;Compagno, 1984;Feng & Knight, 1994;Gomes & de Carvalho, 1995;Ebert, 2003;Hernández et al., 2005;Ebert et al., 2006;Nakaya et al., 2008). These tendrils are adherent and are used to attach the egg capsules to macroalgae, sessile epifauna such as hard corals and sea fans, and rocky 1 cm substrata (Wourms, 1977;Compagno, 1984;Ebert, 2003;Ebert et al., 2006). ...
The external morphology of the egg capsule of Bythaelurus canescens and its fixation to the substratum are described. Bythaelurus canescens egg capsules are typically vase-shaped, dorso-ventrally flattened, pale yellow in colour when fresh and covered by 12-15 longitudinal ridges. The anterior border of the capsule is straight, whereas the posterior border is semicircular. Two horns bearing long, coiled tendrils arise from the anterior and posterior ends of the capsule. The presence of longitudinal ridges and long coiled tendrils at both anterior and posterior ends of the capsule readily distinguish these egg capsules from those of other chondrichthyans occurring in the south-east Pacific Ocean.
The current status of type specimens of Myxiniformes, Lamniformes, Carcharhiniformes, Squaliformes, Torpediniformes, Rajiformes, Chimaeriformes, and Acipenseriformes in the ZUMT collection were investigated with recourse to original descriptions, information tags on specimens, and/or the ZUMT specimen ledger. Introduction The current designation and status of type specimens in the fish collection, preserved in the Department of Zoology, The University Museum, The University of Tokyo (ZUMT) collection is now under review. The present list is a summary of type specimens of
