Figure 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
![Venn diagram showing that all ferroelectric materials are pyroelectric and piezoelectric, but not vice versa. b,c) Graphs depicting polarization (P) changes that occur with respect to temperatures (T) and electric fields (E). c) Reproduced with permission.[12] Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society.](publication/305308994/figure/fig10/AS:391147361980427@1470268206376/Venn-diagram-showing-that-all-ferroelectric-materials-are-pyroelectric-and-piezoelectric.png)
Venn diagram showing that all ferroelectric materials are pyroelectric and piezoelectric, but not vice versa. b,c) Graphs depicting polarization (P) changes that occur with respect to temperatures (T) and electric fields (E). c) Reproduced with permission.[12] Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society.
Source publication
One-dimensional (1D) ferroelectric nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanobelts, and nanofibers, have been studied with increasing intensity in recent years. Because of their excellent ferroelectric, ferroelastic, pyroelectric, piezoelectric, inverse piezoelectric, ferroelectric-photovoltaic (FE-PV), and other unique physical p...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... polarization capacities constitute a number of the most important factors when identifying ferro- electric material properties. The mechanisms of piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and ferroelectricity are illustrated in Figure 1 . As is well known, crystal properties are derived from crystal struc- tures and compositions. ...
Context 2
... the NW is opti- cally trapped, the long axis of the NW is oriented along the optical axis, which results in a 45° inclination in spontaneous ferroelectric polarization to the optical axis. Large amplitudes, reversible photoinduced modulations in nonlinear optical prop- erties and polarization are observed in single NWs at mega- hertz repetition rates associated with enhanced light absorption within NWs, with a subwavelength diameter ( Figure 10 ). ...
Context 3
... three of NWs exhibited strong nonlinear responses and the LiNbO 3 NWs exhibited the strongest response. Moreover, the polariza- tion responses of the SHG signals in all three types of XNbO 3 NWs for the two geometries were studied, and the intensity of the SHG signal was polarization-dependent and a function of the degree of XNbO 3 NWs structural order ( Figure 11 ). The nonlinear properties of the above-listed NWs were examined, and each XNbO 3 NW was found to be suitable for different applications, with LiNbO 3 NWs effective imaging markers because they generate the highest nonlinear response and KNbO 3 NWs effective opto-mechanical probes because of their high trapping stability levels and relatively high nonlinear responses. ...
Context 4
... effect of the ferroelectric characteristics on the separation of charge carriers, which is similar to the p−n junction of a typical photovoltaic structure or other diode struc- ture, inhibits the recombination of holes and electrons, thus increasing the lifetime of the photoinduced charge carriers. Moreover, catalyst performance levels can be further enhanced through the development of a nanostructured metallic (Ag) coating on the catalyst surface ( Figure 12 a-d). These results demonstrated that ferroelectric materials can act as effective photocatalysts. ...
Context 5
... 2015, Fei at al. [ 71 ] successfully synthesized BiFeO 3 (BFO) nanofi bers via a sol-gel based electrospinning process followed by thermal treatment and a FE-PV device using laterally aligned BFO nanofi bers and interdigital electrodes (IDE) was developed. For comparison, two major types of BFO-thin-fi lm based FE-PV devices were dis- cussed, devices with a parallel capacitor type of structure (left in Figure 13 a), could offer a relatively large photocurrent but low voltage, whereas devices with an in-plane electroded capacitor structure (right in Figure 13 a) could generate a relatively high voltage but small photocurrent. To solve these problems, the authors developed BFO-nanofi ber based FE-PV devices with a confi guration of nanofi bers/IDE/substrate ( Figure 13 b) and found that the BFO nanofi bers exhibits an excellent FE-PV property with the photocurrent several times larger than the literature data obtained on BFO thin fi lms. ...
Context 6
... 2015, Fei at al. [ 71 ] successfully synthesized BiFeO 3 (BFO) nanofi bers via a sol-gel based electrospinning process followed by thermal treatment and a FE-PV device using laterally aligned BFO nanofi bers and interdigital electrodes (IDE) was developed. For comparison, two major types of BFO-thin-fi lm based FE-PV devices were dis- cussed, devices with a parallel capacitor type of structure (left in Figure 13 a), could offer a relatively large photocurrent but low voltage, whereas devices with an in-plane electroded capacitor structure (right in Figure 13 a) could generate a relatively high voltage but small photocurrent. To solve these problems, the authors developed BFO-nanofi ber based FE-PV devices with a confi guration of nanofi bers/IDE/substrate ( Figure 13 b) and found that the BFO nanofi bers exhibits an excellent FE-PV property with the photocurrent several times larger than the literature data obtained on BFO thin fi lms. ...
Context 7
... comparison, two major types of BFO-thin-fi lm based FE-PV devices were dis- cussed, devices with a parallel capacitor type of structure (left in Figure 13 a), could offer a relatively large photocurrent but low voltage, whereas devices with an in-plane electroded capacitor structure (right in Figure 13 a) could generate a relatively high voltage but small photocurrent. To solve these problems, the authors developed BFO-nanofi ber based FE-PV devices with a confi guration of nanofi bers/IDE/substrate ( Figure 13 b) and found that the BFO nanofi bers exhibits an excellent FE-PV property with the photocurrent several times larger than the literature data obtained on BFO thin fi lms. The reasons for the nanofi bers showing enhanced FE-PV properties could be related to two factors. ...
Context 8
... because the synthesis processes require multiple processing steps, and are sensitive to small changes in synthesis condi- tions, the experimental parameter optimization is often neces- sary and complex. It brings the biggest challenge in the use of 1D ferroelectric nanostructures for practical application that is Figure 13. a) Schematic setup for the measurement of thin fi lm-based photovoltaic devices: left, device with a parallel capacitor confi guration; right, device with a laterally aligned interdigital electrodes. ...
Similar publications
Photoferroelectrics belong to a unique material family that exhibits both photovoltaic and ferroelectric effects simultaneously. The photovoltaic effect is the only known direct method of converting light into electricity and is the basis of solar cells. The ferroelectric effect can induce piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects, which are the worki...
The current scenario sees over 60% of primary energy being dissipated as waste heat directly into the environment, contributing significantly to energy loss and global warming. Therefore, low-grade waste heat harvesting has been long considered a critical issue. Pyroelectric (PE) materials utilize temperature oscillation to generate electricity, wh...
Applications of high-field terahertz pulses are attractive in physics and terahertz technology. In this study, two applications related to high-intensity terahertz pulses are demonstrated. The field enhancement effect by subwavelength metallic microstructures is utilized for terahertz excitation measurement. The spin precession dynamics in magnetic...
We have investigated the physical properties of an oxygen-deficient perovskite-type Sr 10 Ga 6 Sc 4 O 25 by means of dielectric permittivity, pyroelectric current, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements using a polycrystalline sample.
Boron nitride exhibits diverse crystal structures, predominantly a layered arrangement with strong intraplanar covalent bonds and weak interplanar van der Waals bonds. While commonly referred to as hexagonal BN (hBN), the sp$^2$-bonded BN atomic planes can also arrange in other configurations like Bernal (bBN) or rhombohedral (rBN) stacking orders....
Citations
... Thus, continuous research efforts have been devoted to exploring piezoelectric materials having high acoustic velocities and tunability characteristics. In this context, ferroelectric materials have received a great deal of a ention, which is a ributed to their excellent ferroelectric, piezoelectric and electroacoustic coupling properties and switching characteristics [9]. ...
SnO2-based gas sensors have been widely synthesized and used for the detection of various hazardous gases. However, the use of doped SnO2 in sensing applications has recently attracted increased interest due to the formation of a synergistic effect between the dopant and the host. Moreover, in the case of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor, the piezoelectric material used in the fabrication of the sensor plays a crucial role in defining the response of the SAW sensor. As a ferroelectric material, barium strontium titanate (Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3) has recently been studied due to its intriguing dielectric and electromechanical properties. Its high acoustic velocity and coupling coefficient make it a promising candidate for the development of acoustic devices; however, its use as a piezoelectric material in SAW sensors is still in its infancy. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and validation of an indium doped SnO2-based SAW gas sensor on Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film for room temperature (RT) applications. Pulsed laser deposition was used to deposit thin films of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 and indium-doped SnO2. Different characterization techniques were employed to analyze the morphology and crystallization of the films. The performance of the fabricated sensor was validated by exposing it to different concentrations of ethanol and then analyzing the recorded frequency shift. The sensor exhibited fast response (39 s) and recovery (50 s) times with a sensitivity of 9.9 MHz/Δ. Moreover, the sensor had good linear response and reproducibility. The fabricated indium-doped SnO2-based SAW gas sensor could be suitable for practical room temperature applications.
... These phenomena are consistent with those of ST NPs (Fig. S3), indicating that the heterojunction BST composed of Bi and ST has excellent ferroelectric properties. Based on the tetragonal crystal structure of barium titanate (Fig. 2c), the crystal exhibited spontaneous polarization within a certain temperature range due to Ti ions deviating from the central position of the TiO 6 octahedron [43]. When an external mechanical force is applied, the Ti ions move further away from the center of the TiO 6 octahedron, resulting in the appearance of positive and negative charges on the two opposite surfaces, forming a piezoelectric potential (Fig. 2c) [44]. ...
Preventing local tumor recurrence while promoting bone tissue regeneration is an urgent need for osteosarcoma treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of traditional photosensitizers is limited, and they lack the ability to regenerate bone. Here, a piezo-photo nanoheterostructure is developed based on ultrasmall bismuth/strontium titanate nanocubes (denoted as Bi/SrTiO3), which achieve piezoelectric field-driven fast charge separation coupling with surface plasmon resonance to efficiently generate reactive oxygen species. These hybrid nanotherapeutics are integrated into injectable biopolymer hydrogels, which exhibit outstanding anticancer effects under the combined irradiation of NIR and ultrasound. In vivo studies using patient-derived xenograft models and tibial osteosarcoma models demonstrate that the hydrogels achieve tumor suppression with efficacy rates of 98.6 % and 67.6 % in the respective models. Furthermore, the hydrogel had good filling and retention capabilities in the bone defect region, which exerted bone repair therapeutic efficacy by polarizing and conveying electrical stimuli to the cells under mild ultrasound radiation. This study provides a comprehensive and clinically feasible strategy for the overall treatment and tissue regeneration of osteosarcoma.
... These values of lattice distortion were comparable with those previously reported for the ABO 4 structure. 31 3.2. Morphological study Fig. 3(a) and (b) display the SEM images of the particle-size distribution of the title compound. ...
The development of multifunctional materials is an exceptional research area, which is aimed at enhancing the versatility of materials according to their wide fields of application. Special interest was devoted here to lithium (Li)-doped orthoniobate ANbO4 (A = Mn), in particular, the new material Li0.08Mn0.92NbO4. This compound was successfully synthesized by a solid-state method and characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), which confirmed the successful formation of an ABO4 oxide with an orthorhombic structure and the Pmmm space group. The morphology and elemental composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The vibrational study (Raman) at room temperature confirmed the existence of the NbO4 functional group. The effects of frequency and temperature on the electrical and dielectric properties were studied using impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the diminishing of the radius of semicircular arcs in the Nyquist plots (-Z'' vs. Z') showed the semiconductor behavior of the material. The electrical conductivity followed Jonscher's power law and the conduction mechanisms were identified. The electrical investigations showed the dominant transport mechanisms in the different frequency and temperature ranges, proposing the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model in the ferroelectric phase and the paraelectric phase. The temperature dependence in the dielectric study revealed the relaxor ferroelectric nature of Li0.08Mn0.92NbO4, which correlated the frequency-dispersive dielectric spectra with the conduction mechanisms and their relaxation processes. The results demonstrate that Li-doped Li0.08Mn0.92NbO4 could be used both in dielectric and electrical applications.
... Furthermore, new physical phenomena in low-dimensional materials are being observed that are caused by finite-size effects. For example, different values of Curie temperature (TC), coercive fields, and dielectric constants are observed in nanoscale FEs compared to their bulk counterpart [7]. 2D FEs have received enormous attention in recent years and their applications in various technologies such as nonvolatile memories [8e10], field-effect transistors [11,12], sensors [13,14], batteries [15], and photocatalysts [16] have been demonstrated. ...
... The study of size effects in materials, which in the macroscale would seem to be well-studied, showed that the transition to the nanosize of the studied particles opens up the possibility of observing new, still unknown, extraordinary effects and phenomena (Liang et al. 2016;Mistewicz 2018;Kim et al. 2018). The easiest way to obtain nano-sized particles is to place this material in a matrix with nanometersized guest positions. ...
Using the intercalation technology, a biintercalated clathrate InSe <<NaNO 2 >+<FeCl 3 >> was formed in which the guest components are placed in separate layers and alternately stage-ordered. Confirmation of this was obtained based on analysis of X-ray diffraction spectra for the initial single crystal and the single crystal intercalated with a ferroelectric and biintercalant. Due to weak interactions between the semiconductor matrix and guest components, periodic potential barriers of different natures (ferroelectric and ferromagnetic) were formed. This allowed observing such phenomena as quantum capacitance and negative capacitance. By the formation of magnetically active nano-centers through which it was possible to achieve the conditions of resonance tunneling, which as a consequence leads to the creation of EMF under normal conditions and under the influence of a constant magnetic field. This biintercalant clathrate acquires practical appeal for the manufacture of high-Q radio-frequency capacitors in terms of anomalous increase in dielectric constant in the megahertz range (ε max ≈ 5.5·10 4), simultaneously accepting the value of the dielectric loss tangent less than 1. At the same time, it also shows a negative magneto-capacitive effect was also obtained, which can be used for the construction of highly sensitive magnetic field sensors of capacitive type. Due to the ferroelectric guest component, this clathrate exhibits charge storage properties that can be used to create non-volatile memory so-called memristors.
... The dipole moment in the ferroelectric crystal is deflected under an external field voltage, and finally, all dipole moments are superimposed along the polarization direction to form a piezoelectric potential. 46 To obtain a positive piezoelectric potential on the PNBTO surface, a series of voltages with different intensities was used to polarize the PNBTO. The results of scanning kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) (Figure 3a) showed that the surface potentials of PNBTO were 82.6 ± 16.4 mV, 261.1 ± 28.4 mV, 530.8 ± 23.7 mV, and 102.9 ± 29.1 mV at polarization voltages of 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 kV, respectively. ...
Preventing local tumor recurrence and simultaneously improving bone-tissue regeneration are in great demand for osteosarcoma therapy. However, the current therapeutic implants fail to selectively suppress tumor growth and enhance osteogenesis, and antitumor therapy may compromise osseointegration of the bone implant. Here, based on the different responses of bone tumor cells and osteoblasts to different electric stimulations, we constructed ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanorod arrays (NBTO) on the surface of titanium implants with switchable dynamic and static electrical stimulation for selective bone-tumor therapy and bone tissue regeneration. Polarized NBTO (PNBTO) generated a sustained dynamic electrical stimulus in response to wireless ultrasonic irradiation ("switch-on"), which disrupted the orientation of the spindle filaments of the tumor cell, blocked the G2/M phase of mitosis, and ultimately led to tumor cell death, whereas it had almost no cytotoxic effect on normal bone cells. Under the switch-off state, PNBTO with a high surface potential provided static electrical stimulation, accelerating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and enhancing the quality of bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. This study broadens the biomedical potential of electrical stimulation therapy and provides a comprehensive and clinically feasible strategy for the overall treatment and tissue regeneration in osteosarcoma.
... On the other hand, the question of dimensional effects in ferroelectric polarization and nanomagnetism has become of great interest to scientists. The transition to nanoscale ferroelectric materials, for example, has yielded a number of interesting properties, such as forward and reverse piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, ferroelectric photoelectricity, and nonlinear optical activity [9][10][11]. The corresponding effects and phenomena open the prospect of using such materials in field-effect transistors, nonvolatile memory, capacitors, photocells, thermal imaging cameras and electro-optical devices. ...
The paper presents the structural-energy, electrically conductive and polarization properties of biintercalant clathrate GaSe≪NaNO2> +<FeCl3≫. The existence of two modifications of the crystal structure with interplanar distances c1 = 16.072 Å and c2 = 15.977 Å was established by X-ray diffractometry. The сurrent-voltage characteristics of the biitercalant clathrate GaSe≪NaNO2> +<FeCl3≫ acquires a hysteresis form, which indicates the accumulation of electric charge at the interfacial boundaries. The spectrum of impurity energy levels was established by the method of thermally stimulated discharge with short-circuited contacts in the temperature range from 240 to 340 K, which testifies to the relaxation of the hetero-charge and the quasi-continuity of energy states.
... At the same time, cognizance surrounding the properties of topological excitations in their lowerdimensional relatives, zero-dimensional nanodots, is much less extensive, although similar excitations-vortices [10][11][12][13][14], skyrmions [15,16], and hopfions [17]-have been predicted. Furthermore, while the fabrication methods of one-dimensional nanorods, nanotubes, and nanowires have achieved considerable progress [18][19][20][21][22][23], the topological dynamics in these one-dimensional nanostructures remain even more puzzling. ...
Ferroelectric materials manifest unique dielectric, ferroelastic, and piezoelectric properties. A targeted design of ferroelectrics at the nanoscale is not only of fundamental appeal but holds the highest potential for applications. Compared to two-dimensional nanostructures such as thin films and superlattices, one-dimensional ferroelectric nanowires are investigated to a much lesser extent. Here, we reveal a variety of the topological polarization states, particularly the vortex and helical chiral phases, in loaded ferroelectric nanowires, which enable us to complete the strain–temperature phase diagram of the one-dimensional ferroelectrics. These phases are of prime importance for optoelectronics and quantum communication technologies.
... These characteristics endow low-dimension ferroelectrics with a specific phase transition or Curie temperature, dielectric constants, coercive fields, strong spontaneous polarization and tunable bandgap. [61] Thereby, low-dimensional nanostructure is desired for the applications of ferroelectrics in nonvolatile memory devices, microelectromechanical systems, nanogenerators, sensors, photocatalysis, and etc. ...
The rapid development of industrialization and population has brought water, air‐pollution and energy crises. Solar‐driven catalysis is expected to relieve these issues. However, limited by poor light harvesting, serious charge recombination of semiconductors, and high surface reaction barriers, the low efficiency of solar conversion is far from satisfactory for industrial needs. Ferroelectrics are considered to be promising photocatalysts to overcome these shortcomings. Herein, perovskite ferroelectrics such as BaTiO3, PbTiO3, BiFeO3 and LiNbO3, layered bismuth‐based ferroelectrics like Bi2WO6 and Bi2MoO6, and other ferroelectrics are introduced, and their crystal structure, polarity source and synthetic method are highlighted. Subsequently, research progress in ferroelectrics for photocatalysis is summarized, including pollution degradation, water splitting and CO2 reduction. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of ferroelectric photocatalysts are provided. The purpose of this review is not only to provide a timely summary for the application of ferroelectrics in photocatalysis, but also to present deep insight and a guideline for future research work into ferroelectrics.
... In recent years, 1D semiconductors nanostructures with surface effects, small size effects, quantum size effects and macroscopic quantum tunnel effects have been regarded as crucial materials to construct electronic and optical devices [1][2][3][4][5], such as 1D nanolasers, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, gas and chemical sensors, field emitters, optical switches, and photodetectors [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Regardless of whether it is n-type or p-type nanostructured photodetectors, their electrical and optoelectronic properties have been greatly improved compared with the traditional photodetectors at room temperature. ...
P-type nanostructured photodetectors and phototransistors have been widely used in the field of photodetection due to their excellent electrical and optoelectronic characteristics. However, the large dark current of p-type photodetectors will limit the detectivity. Herein, we synthesized small-diameter single-crystalline p-type SnS nanowires (NWs) and then fabricated single SnS NW photodetectors and phototransistors. The device exhibits low noise and low dark current, and its noise current power is as low as 2.4 × 10 ⁻²⁸ A ² . Under 830 nm illumination and low power density of 0.12 mW cm 2 , the photoconductive gain, responsivity and detectivity of the photodetector are as high as 3.9 × 10 ² , 2.6 × 10 ² A W ⁻¹ and 1.8 × 10 ¹³ Jones, respectively, at zero gate voltage. The rise and fall time of response are about 9.6 and 14 ms. The experimental results show that the small-diameter p-type SnS NWs have broad application prospects in high-performance and low-power photodetectors with high sensitivity, fast response speed and wide spectrum detection in the future.
