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The term LASER is an acronym for 'Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation'. As its first application in dentistry by Miaman, in 1960, the laser has seen various hard and soft tissue applications. In the last two decades, there has been an explosion of research studies in laser application. In hard tissue application, the laser i...
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The term LASER is an acronym for ‘Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation’. Miaman was the first who introduced laser application in dentistry in 1960 and its hard and soft tissue application. There is lot of advancement in lasers in past two decades. Various hard tissue applications includes caries prevention, bleaching, restor...
Citations
... Acronym for laser is light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. 2 Today, dental laser has gained a wide attention for the use of both soft tissue and hard tissue dentistry. Lasers can be used on hard tissues for caries their usage, like high cost of the unit, technique sensitivity, the need for education and training to operate laser, and damage inflicted to naked eyes. ...
... This indicates that the practitioners have better knowledge about the soft tissue applications of laser than its endodontic applications, which is in accordance with the study conducted by Al-jobair. 1 Dental lasers are commonly used for periodontal soft tissue procedures, biopsy, and sterilization of treatment site. Hard tissue applications of lasers include caries removal and cavity preparation, and also for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity, enamel etching, root conditioning, bleaching, composite curing, root canal disinfection, etc. 2,15,21,22,24 Just over half of dentists (57.43%) were aware of LLLT, among which majority of them were postgraduates. LLLT is a low-intensity light therapy, which uses nonthermal irradiation of photos to stimulate biochemical actions at the molecular level within cells and tissues. ...
Background The advent of dental lasers has overcome the drawbacks of conventional clinical practice. It is considered to be a safer alternative during and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in terms of infection control and reduced aerosol production. The study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of dentists toward dental lasers and their use during and post-COVID-19 pandemic scenario.
Methodology This is a cross-sectional, analytical study conducted among dental professionals in South India. A total of 444 dental professionals participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire with 15 closed questions was given to the participants. Chi-square test was used to analyze the obtained data.
Results The results indicated that the majority of the dental professionals were aware of the use, the types, watts, wavelength, and types of emission of dental lasers. They had good knowledge about the common uses of lasers in dentistry. Majority of the dental professionals had not used dental lasers anytime in their practice, but are willing to adopt it as a safer alternative option during and post-pandemic scenario.
Conclusion Application of knowledge of dental laser into clinical practice is beneficial in improving dental care and to enhance infection control.
... Today, with the introduction of lasers and the increase in their use in dentistry, studies are focusing on using lasers to preserve the integrity of tooth structure [18,19]. The two types of erbium lasers are erbium-doped yttrium, aluminium, and garnet (Er: YAG) and erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG), with wavelengths of 2940 nm and 2780 nm, respectively [20,21]. Water, hydrated tissues, leftover monomers, and water-containing bonding cements are among the media where it is absorbed [22]. ...
The risk of enamel deterioration that frequently coexists with debonding of orthodontic teeth brackets elevates the mandate for finding an optimum approach for debonding them without harmful effects. This in-vitro study is intended to compare the effects of two different laser modes (scanning and circular) and a conventional method on the enamel surface after debonding orthodontic brackets. 66 extracted premolars were assigned into 3 groups. After that, light-cure composite resin was used to attach the ceramic brackets to the teeth. Amongst the test groups, Group I: specimens that were debonded using conventional debonding using pliers; Group 2: specimens that were debonded using Er, Cr: YSGG laser applications using the circular motion method; and Group 3: specimens that were debonded using Er, Cr: YSGG laser applications using the scanning motion method. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) assessment, intra-pulpal temperature increase, enamel surface roughness after polishing, and assessment of the microstructure of enamel were carried out with scanning electron microscopy. The gathered information was examined statistically. The conventional debonding method had a significantly higher proportion of adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of 2 and 3 in comparison to the circular (p < .004) and scanning laser groups (p < .001). There was no significant difference in ARI scores between the circular and scanning laser groups (p > .05). Moreover, the circular and scanning laser debonding methods resulted in a significantly higher proportion of Enamel Surface Roughness (ESR) scores of 0 and a lower proportion of ESR scores of 3 compared to the conventional technique group (p < .001). However, there was no significant difference in ESR scores between the circular and scanning laser methods (p = .945). Lastly, the average intra-pulpal temperature was significantly higher in the circular laser group (1.9 ± 0.5 ) compared to the scanning laser group (0.9 ± 0.2) with p < .001. Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation is a tool that shows promise for debonding ceramic brackets with minimal harm to the enamel surface. The scanning laser technique is more desirable due to the lower intra-pulpal temperature increase.
... Its energy is absorbed at the first 400 μm, therefore it is not able to kill bacteria located deeper. Nd: YAG laser is mainly used for disinfection due to its deep penetrating light (1000 μm), but is not able to remove the smear layer [7,8]. ...
Introduction: To achieve a proper disinfection of the root canal system, besides many irrigant solutions, laser has become increasingly popular in recent years. Bacteria that penetrate deep in the dentine can be destroyed by laser up to 1150 µm. The aim of the study is to investigate and to compare the efficiency of conventional chemical disinfection using cleaning solutions - sodium hypochlorite (2%), citric acid (20%) - and the physical disinfection using a diode laser (940 nm, 1 W) in vitro using extracted teeth. Material and Methods: 23 intact, single rooted teeth were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus Faecalis. Afterwards samples were taken from each group and placed on solid mediums. The following were applied to members of each group prior to sampling: 2% sodium hypochlorite, 20% citric acid and diode laser (940 nm, 1W). To evaluate the results, so that the bacterial strains on the medium could be counted, quenches were performed from 1/10 and 1/100 dilutions. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskall-Wallis and unpaired T-test with a value of p>0.05. Results: Statistical analysis on the 3 groups (NaOCl, citric acid, and diode laser) showed significant differences between the counted remaining colonies after disinfection. Conclusions: The diode laser used for disinfection under the used settings is not effective enough, but as an adjuvant, associated with conventional irrigation effective disinfection can be obtained. Keywords: root canal, E. Faecalis, sodium hypochlorite, citric acid, diode laser
... [1] The integration of lasers into dentistry during the 1960s, spearheaded by Maiman, instigated a continuum of research into the multifarious applications of lasers within dental practice. [2] The domain of oral and maxillofacial surgery adopted laser technology in the mid-1960s, with the current trajectory witnessing an upsurge in popularity due to the advent of compact, office-based lasers amenable to facile manipulation within the oral cavity. This surge has enriched the surgical armamentarium and expanded the purview of oral and maxillofacial procedures. ...
The advent of lasers has left an indelible mark across various scientific domains, solidifying their crucial role in contemporary surgical and medical practices. Consequently, a profound comprehension of the foundational principles guiding laser application becomes imperative, facilitating their seamless and optimal integration.Oral surgery has witnessed an unprecedented surge in laser adoption, encompassing a diverse spectrum of procedural paradigms. Concurrently, a growing community of surgical practitioners has embraced lasers as an indispensable element within their routine clinical toolkit. This article endeavors to provide practitioners with a comprehensive update, shedding light on the dynamic landscape and current intricacies underpinning the deployment of cutting-edge laser technology within established dental protocols. The aim is not only to elevate the proficiency of dental interventions but also to mitigate the inherent sequelae associated with conventional modalities.
... Laser therapy has been shown to be one of the effective treatment modalities in the field of dentistry (10). Its application includes soft tissues healing, removal of gingival hyperplasia, operculectomy and/ or uncovering impacted wisdom teeth, photodynamic therapy of cancer cells, and photo-stimulation of herpetic lesion (11). The main advantages of the laser application are the lack of tissue contact and the high temperature during the tissue interaction time, all reduce the chances of wound infection, postoperative pain, bleeding, and tissue scarring during healing (12). ...
... Good alveolar bone trimming can provide more accurate guidance for periodontal surgery. The bone plays an important role in guiding the recovery and growth of the gingiva [31][32][33][34][35]. Therefore, it has a positive effect on the recovery of the proximal and distal mesiodistal ging. ...
Objectives
this study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of traditional and digital crown extension guides in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Additionally, the study will analyze the differences in the results of various digital crown extension guides in anterior aesthetic restorations.
Methods
Sixty-two patients who required aesthetic restoration of their anterior teeth were selected for this study. The patients had a total of 230 anterior teeth and were randomly divided into three groups: a control group of 22 cases who received diagnostic wax-up with pressure film, an experimental group 1 of 20 cases who received 3D printed digital models with pressure film, and an experimental group 2 of 20 patients who received digital dual-positioning guides. The control group had a total of 84 anterior teeth, experimental group 1 had 72 anterior teeth, and experimental group 2 had 74 anterior teeth. The study compared three methods for fabricating crown extension guides: the control group used the diagnostic wax-up plus compression film method, while experimental group 1 used compression film on 3D printed models and experimental group 2 used 3D printed digital dual-positioning crown extension guides. After the crown lengthening surgery, the control group patients wore DMG resin temporary crown material for gingival contouring, while the experimental group patients wore 3D printed resin temporary crowns for the same purpose. The patients were followed up in the outpatient clinic after wearing temporary crowns for 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. The clinical results were evaluated in terms of marginal fit, red aesthetic index, and white aesthetic index.
Results
Based on the statistical analysis, the experimental group required significantly fewer follow-up visits and less time for guide design and fabrication compared to the control group. Additionally, the surgical time for the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. During the postoperative period between the 1st and 3rd month, the PES index scores for the marginal gingival level, proximal, and distal mesiodistal gingival papillae of the experimental group showed a trend of superiority over those of the control group. By the 6th month, the marginal gingival level exhibited a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The experimental group demonstrated superior results to the control group in terms of shape, contour, and volume of the teeth, color, surface texture, and transparency of the restorations, and features during the 1st and 3rd postoperative months. In the 6th month, the comparative results indicated that the experimental group continued to exhibit superior outcomes to the control group in terms of the shape, color, surface texture, and transparency of the restorations, as well as the characteristics of the teeth. Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated significantly fewer gingival alterations than the control group at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-procedure, with this difference being statistically significant. Furthermore, the combination of 3D printing technology and restorative techniques was utilized, resulting in consistent patient satisfaction.
Conclusion
Digitalisation plays an important role in anterior aesthetic restorations. The use of digital technology to manage the entire process of anterior cosmetic restorations can improve restorative results, reduce the number of follow-up appointments, shorten consultation time, and achieve better patient satisfaction.
... There are several ways to categorize lasers used in dentistry practice: According to the type of laser being used, such as a gas laser or a solid laser; the type of tissue to which the laser can be applied, such as a hard tissue laser or a soft tissue laser; the range of wavelengths; and of course, the danger connected with using a laser [3]. ...
Background
Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory disorder that affects the mucosal surface underneath the dentures and frequently causes oral mucosal irritation, discomfort, and altered taste perception, which prevents people from consuming enough nutrients. One of the main causes of DS is an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans (C. albicans). A possible alternative treatment for Candida infections is thought to be laser therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different wavelengths of laser would affect growth and pathogenic properties of Candida albicans.
Methods
A concentration of 10⁶ viable cells/ml of Candida albicans were used in the preparation process. Four groups were created from the specimens. Culturing of the control group was completed with no intervention. The other 3 groups received laser radiation for 60 seconds at a power of 1W. The 2nd and 3rd groups were irradiated with diode laser at a wavelength of 940 nm and 980 nm respectively. The 4th group was irradiated with Nd-YAG laser at a wavelength of 1064 nm. Turbidimetric growth was defined as variations in the optical density of fungal growth. These measures were made at three different times: baseline, 48 hours, and 72 hours.
Results
In both groups of diode laser, the growth of Candida albicans showed no remarkable differences at baseline, after 48 and 72 hours using a power of 1 W and duration of 60 seconds. The Nd-YAG group showed significant increase in optical density after 48 hrs then significant decrease after 72 hrs. The optical density values in the control group showed no notable difference between the control and diode study groups at different time periods. However, the Nd:YAG group showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control and the 2 diode laser groups.
Conclusions
Different laser parameters have a different effect on growth and pathogenic properties of Candida albicans. Diode laser therapy with wavelengths 940 and 980 nm used in continuous mode with power of 1 W for duration of 60 seconds can result in proliferation of Candida albicans instead of destroying them. Nd:YAG laser, used in pulsed mode, with power of 1 W for a duration of 60 seconds can be used to destroy Candida albicans and therefore, can be used as an effective treatment for denture stomatitis.
... Since diode lasers, with a range of wavelength between 810 and 980 nm, are absorbed primarily by melanin and hemoglobin and have low absorption coefficient in enamel and dentin as compared to soft tissues. [15] One of the major concerns for use of lasers in dentin sealing of pulpal floor of primary molars is the increase in temperature of irradiated and adjacent tissues. In terms of threshold temperatures, bone exhibits the detrimental effect if it is exposed to temperature of 47°C for 1 minute. ...
Purpose
Multiple accessory canals make furcation area of primary molars the most common port of entry of bacterial endotoxins to periradicular area. Reduction in permeability can improve prognosis of these teeth. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the effect of 940 nm diode laser and dentin bonding agent on the dye penetration of furcation area in primary molars.
Material and Methods
Thirty teeth were divided into three groups, that is, Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (dentin bonding agent applied over floor of pulp chamber), and Group 3 (diode laser irradiated over floor of pulp chamber). The samples were prepared and seven from each group were tested by dye penetration and three were sent for scanning electron microscopy. Rise in temperature in the perifurcal area was also recorded at the time of laser irradiation. Dunn’s pair-wise comparison analysis was used for the analysis for the difference in dye penetration among the group.
Results
The maximum rise in temperature recorded postirradiation was 6.9 ⁰ C. Dye penetration was significantly reduced in Group 2 Dentin bonding group (DBG) as compared to control group ( P = 0.0025). Reduction in permeability was observed in Group 3 Laser group (LG) but this was not statistically significant ( P = 0.197). Scanning electron microscope revealed open dentinal tubules in Group 1. There were no open dentinal tubules in Group 2, while Group 3 had sealed dentinal tubules with glass-like surface over the region.
Conclusion
Dentin bonding agent led to substantial decrease in dye penetration of furcation area of primary molars. This method should be evaluated clinically to improve successful pulpectomy procedures of primary molars.
... 1,2 These devices have demonstrated their ability to provide excellent intraoperative and postoperative hemostasis, diminish postoperative pain, and lower the risk of infection, thereby overcoming the drawbacks associated with traditional scalpel-based procedures. [3][4][5] The diode laser stands out as one of the most widely utilized types in dentistry, boasting high power. The wavelengths suitable for dental applications typically span from 800 to 980 nm. ...
Introduction: Available evidence suggests that the response of the intervened tissue is directly linked to the effects generated by the cutting instrument used. To determine the histological findings in gingival tissue margins excised through gingivectomies performed using 450 nm, 940 nm, and 980 nm diode lasers. The present study aimed to determine the histological findings in gingival tissue margins excised through gingivectomies performed using 450 nm, 940 nm, and 980 nm diode lasers.
Methods: Gingival tissue samples were collected from 30 patients who had undergone gingivectomy procedures. Each study group comprised 10 patients who willingly provided their samples after providing informed consent. The visualization of histological findings was facilitated through Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Additionally, variables related to pain and hemostasis were assessed during the intraoperative period.
Results: The incision quality was categorized as irregular across all three wavelengths. Histological examination of the epithelial tissue revealed the absence of carbonization and the preservation of cell morphology in over 50% of the resection margin in samples obtained with the 450 nm and 940 nm wavelengths. In the connective tissue, observations included carbonization, collagen coagulation, and basophilia, with the 980 nm wavelength demonstrating the highest percentage of samples displaying collagen coagulation in more than 50% of the resection margin. Conversely, the 450 nm wavelength exhibited the highest degree of preservation of the fibroblast structure.
Conclusion: Based on a comprehensive analysis of the study results, it can be inferred that the 450nm and 940nm wavelength lasers tend to produce less thermal damage and better cell preservation when compared to the 980nm wavelength.
... It has been utilized in wound healing, the removal of hyperplastic tissue to reveal impacted or partly erupted teeth, photodynamic treatment of malignancies, and photo-stimulation of herpetic lesions in soft tissue. Lasers have been found to improve the efficiency, specificity, convenience, affordability, and comfort of dental treatment [8]. ...
... An energy source, an active lasing medium, and two or more mirrors make up a laser. The light from the dental laser is delivered to the target tissue via the fiberoptic cable, hollow wave path, focusing lenses, and cooling system [8]. The action is based on the Amdt-Schutz concept. ...
... LLLT has also been shown to improve the healing of recurring aphthous stomatitis lesions in people. Positive evidence suggests that LLLT helps patients receiving radiation for head and neck cancer heal from mucositis and oropharyngeal ulcerations as well as stimulates dentinogenesis after pulpotomy [8]. ...
Lasers are utilized in dentistry as a therapeutic tool or as an auxiliary tool. The major purpose of employing lasers in dentistry is to overcome the difficulties that are currently observed in traditional dental treatment treatments. The laser is used in hard tissue applications such as caries prevention, bleaching, restorative removal and curing, cavity preparation, dentinal hypersensitivity, growth modulation, and diagnostics, whereas soft tissue applications include wound healing, removal of hyperplastic tissue to uncover impacted or partially erupted teeth, photodynamic therapy for malignancies, and photo-stimulation of herpetic lesions. Lasers' capacity to perform minimally invasive operations with minimum patient discomfort has proven effective in the patient delivery system in dentistry practice. The availability of lasers with various wavelengths has produced a surgical panacea, and laser technology has replaced traditional surgical techniques in many oral surgical operations.
