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ariation of water contact angle and oil contact angle of as-prepared sawdust with different pH of aqueous solution.
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Oil spill pollution has been aggravating current situation of water shortages, thus people pay more attention to collecting oil from water by using efficient oil adsorption materials which are of necessity for water protection. In the present study, sawdust was triumphantly endowed with simultaneous performances of superhydrophobicity and superoleo...
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... allowing for their significant influence on indus- trial and practical application so that we could ascertain product's access to extensive use. Thereamong, chemical sta- bility was assessed by the changes of water and oil contact angle after sample was immersed into aqueous solution with various pH values range from 0 to 14 for 24 h. Fig. 4 revealed the variation of water and oil contact angle of superhy- drophobic/superoleophilic sawdust with pH value of aqueous solution. As can be seen, water contact angle on as-prepared sawdust surface varied slightly between 153 • and 151 • , while oil contact angle maintained 0 • all the same, showing that resulting sample owned ...
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Citations
... Many researchers have assessed the oil sorption capacity of several organic natural sorbent materials, such as raw sunflower pith [5], rice straw [6], kapok fiber [7], palm empty fruit brunch and leaves [8], garlic and onion peels [9], banana peels [10], rice husk [11], nettle fibers [12], barley straw [3], pith bagasse [13], sawdust [14] and cotton fibers [15]. ...
Posidonia oceanica (PO) fibers were used as biodegradable solid waste material in the removal of oil spills from seawater. In the present study, PO fibers were chemically treated using H3PO4, KOH, ZnCl2 and H2O2. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to compare and to determine the structure of the raw and the chemically-treated PO fibers. The main parameters studied in the two systems, a mixture system of oil and water and a system with only oil or only water, were the chemical solutions concentrations, initial oil concentration and time contact. The results revealed that PO fibers treated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) showed an enhancement of oil sorption of 12% in oil/water layer, compared to raw PO fibers. An increase of hydrophobicity was also observed with treated fibers as revealed by the 50% decrease in water sorption capacity. The isotherm and kinetic models were determined to reveal the nature and the mechanism of the sorption. Langmuir isotherm appeared to be the best fitting model showing a one-layer oil sorption onto PO fibers. In addition, the results fitted well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model compared to pseudo-first order representing the chemical sorption of oil. The results indicated that the treated biosorbent could be used as biodegradable material to clean-up oil spills in aqueous solution.
... However, their hydrophilic nature results in a lack of selectivity and lower sorption capacity for oil, because they tend to absorb both water and oil (Chau et al. 2021). Inorganic sorbents, such as vermiculite (Silva et al. 2003) or sawdust (Zang et al. 2015), offer high sorption capacity but suffer from clumping and inefficient oil recovery. These materials, although used as oil sorbents, are This work not as hydrophobic and, therefore, as effective as graphenecoated cotton. ...
In recent years, hydrophobized cellulose-based materials have been proposed as oil spill sorbents. We investigate the possibility of using cheap, industrialgrade, graphene-like materials (GM), such as graphite flakes (GrF), exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGNP) and microwave-plasma turbostratic graphene nanoplatelets (mGNP) as hydrophobic agents for naturally hydrophilic cotton. From among investigated GM, mGNP showed the highest ability to form superhydrophobic coating due to small flake size and small amount of impurities. Furthermore, we showed that mild pyrolysis not only makes cotton more hydrophobic, but also increases its sorption capacity towards organic solvents and oils. Pyrolyzed and coated with mGNP and xGNP cotton showed exceptional superhydrophobic properties and water contact angle equal 148° and 142°, respectively, besides the sorption capacity towards motor oil of 46 g/g and 51 g/g, respectively. What is more important, the price of graphene oxide used in previous research is still very high (approx. 100 $/g), while the price of xGNP and mGNP is 0.45 $/g, 7.3 $/g, respectively. This difference may be crucial for the implementation of graphene-based sorbents in the remediation of massive oil spill remediation.
... A wide variety of natural organic materials have demonstrated promising results, making them potential candidates for oil spill remediation. These materials include sawdust (Fan et al., 2019;Latthe et al., 2020;Mallakpour et al., 2021;Zang et al., 2015;Zulfiqar et al., 2018), straw (Feng et al., 2021;Ibrahim et al., 2010;Liu et al., 2022;Tijani et al., 2016;Xu et al., 2021;Yu et al., 2020;Zang et al., 2016), sago waste (Ngaini et al., 2018;Wahi et al., 2017), cattail fibers (Dong et al., 2015), sugarcane bagasse (Abdelwahab et al., 2021;Behnood et al., 2016;Brandão et al., 2010), palm fibers (Abdelwahab et al., 2017), rice husk (Kenes et al., 2012;Wang et al., 2015), coconut husk (Agarry et al., 2020) cotton (Mai et al., 2019;Zhang et al., 2020), kapok fiber (Lim and Huang, 2007;Wang et al., 2017;Wang et al., 2012Wang et al., , 2013a, populus fiber (Likon et al., 2013;Yang et al., 2017b), milkweed (Rengasamy et al., 2011), banana peels (El-Din et al., 2018;Yue et al., 2018), pomelo peel (Chai et al., 2015;Fan et al., 2018), and walnut shell (Srinivasan and Viraraghavan, 2008). ...
... Next, the CoFe 2 O 4 @CC composite was modified by the SiO 2 shell via the sol-gel process. The silanization reaction occurred in the presence of a basic condition, which involved hydrolysis of TEOS and condensation reaction (Latthe et al., 2009;Zang et al., 2015). The condensed silane molecules formed a chemical bond with polar groups on the magnetized biomaterial surface, preventing the agglomeration of MNPs and improving the chemical stability of MNPs in the presence of air and a corrosive environment. ...
oil-water separation with magnetic bio-sorbent
... The prepared superhydrophobic sawdust particles were placed in an oil-water mixture, and 3 mL of gasoline was collected after 90 min. Although the adsorption amount was quite high, the separation time was too long [23]. In our group, hydrophobic polymeric foam with a 3D interconnected porous honeycomb structure was prepared from larch sawdust waste and used for oil and organic separation [5]. ...
... Compared with C (79.17%) and Br (2.20%) contents of CF-Br, the content of C increased to 84.01%, and Br decreased to 1.04% of CF-P4vp, which demonstrated the successful modification of P4vp on CF-Br. The TGA curve of CF-Br showed a significant weight reduction between 180 and 360 °C, which was attributed to the pyrolysis of ATMS and 2-Br [23]. In the curve for CF-P4vp, an additional ~0.9 wt% mass loss occurred between 360 and 530 °C due to the pyrolysis acid-responsive group P4vp, indicating that about ~0.9 wt% P4vp grafted onto the pH-responsive CF. ...
The global challenge of oil pollution calls for the efficient selective recovery of oil or organics from oil–water mixtures. A pH-responsive carbon foam (CF) made from liquefied larch sawdust (LLS) with switchable wettability was fabricated in this work. After grafted with poly 4-vinyl pyridine (P4vp), the CF obtained a switchable wettability surface, which allowed the CF to exhibit superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity at different pH levels, respectively. The results revealed that the pH-responsive CF possessed a three-dimensional (3D) spongy-like skeleton and porous structure with a diameter between 50 and 200 µm. Thus, the pH-responsive CF could absorb 15–35 g/g of oil/organics in a neutral aqueous solution at pH = 7 and desorb all the absorbate within 40 s after immersion in an aqueous solution at pH = 1. Moreover, only about 2.8% loss was observed for organic (chloroform) absorption and recovery after reusing up to 15 cycles, which indicated promising prospects in oil and organic recovery.
... One of the reports by Wang et al. includes a three-step procedure by nano silica, polyethylene, and a silylating agent in THF (with comparable absorption capacity) for developing superhydrophobic and superoleophilic saw dust. 18 One of the earliest works with a biomass-based sorbent, oleic acid-graed saw dust, was reported by Jayaram and co-workers. 19 Reports on various biomass-based sorbents are limited to absorption tests of a single type of crude oil and specialty solvents. ...
In this work, we attempt to address the oil spill problem by synthesizing a novel hydrophobic biocomposite material from the readily available lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, saw dust was functionalized using a long alkyl silylating agent post-pretreatment method. The functionalization imparted substantial hydrophobicity and oleophilicity, resulting in the selective absorption of oil from the oil/water mixture. The synthesized biocomposite was characterized by various analytical techniques to confirm functionalization. Furthermore, the biocomposite was utilized to selectively absorb spilled crude oil from oil/water biphasic mixtures. The ease of coagulated mass separation, biocomposite regeneration and recyclability is demonstrated.
... Sawdust possesses high surface area with low buoyancy which allows it to efficiently adsorb oil content from the oil-water mixture (Zang et al., 2015). The particle size of sawdust also affects its adsorption capacity. ...
In crude oil catchment areas of oil-producing countries, oil spillage is a serious environmental challenge. As a result, fertile agricultural lands get polluted and degraded, the morbidity of aquatic animals is rampant, and water is rendered unfit for drinking and general household usage. This work offers a solution to this environmental menace by utilizing sawdust briquettes as filter media in filter columns to purify crude oil-contaminated water. Subjecting both the oil-polluted water and treated water to total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) test and water quality test, the study investigated the effectiveness of using the filter columns and the suitability of using the treated water for irrigation purposes. From the results, the adsorption capacity was in the range of 2.86 and 4.01 g/g. It was established that the filter was very effective in treating oil-polluted water as the TPH concentration sharply reduced to about 96.1% from 32960 mg/L in the oil-polluted water to 1284 mg/L in the treated water. However, the reduced TPH, was above the EU EPA standard TPH level required for river and basin waters. The physicochemical properties for the treated water as compared with the oil-polluted water showed drastic ECw increase (172.13 ± 0.06 to 708.00 ± 114.59 µS/cm, depicting slight salinity), increased TDS (114.24 ± 0.01 to 479.33 ± 44.99 mg/L), reduced pH but very strongly acidic (6.50 ± 0.00 to 4.37 ± 0.06), reduced turbidity (8.96 ± 0.02 to 5.88 ± 0.24 NTU), increased alkalinity but below optimum (13.12 ± 0.01 to 21.59 ± 0.76 mg/L), and reduced colour (55.18 ± 0.03 to 15.10 ± 0.56 Hz). For the heavy metals, only Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr) and Iron (Fe) were within the standard limit of irrigation waters while Cadmium (Cd) and Manganese (Mn) were not. It was, therefore, concluded that though it is evident that the use of sawdust briquette as a filter is effective at reducing TPH in crude oil-contaminated water, the treated water is altogether not suitable for irrigation purposes. Therefore, it was recommended that the sawdust filter be upgraded to attain TPH level standard limit.
... Adsorption, particularly adsorbents, utilizing wood sawdust in the readiness of AC for oil spill removal, possibly can be used further for pharmaceutical removal and heavy metals. [27][28][29][30][31]. ...
Over the past years and present, the expanding number of oil spills occurrences has gotten an overwhelming chemical test to the marine or oceanic environment, and the environmental issues around the globe are becoming more problematic and more acute, be it oil spills or effluents caused by oil and gas or petrochemical industries. The main point of this current investigation is the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from various agricultural waste materials, bamboo, and banana fibers, as one of the most promising methodologies or applications in treating oil spills constitutes high sorption capacity. The physicochemical feature of the synthesized AC samples was analyzed by FTIR spectra and N 2 physisorption. More specifically, the AC samples derived from bamboo (BAMB-AC) at activation temperature 550 ℃ indicate the highest specific surface area (2,760.47 m 2 /g), and sorption capacity at 3.3678 g/g with the total pore volume, mesopore volume, external surface area being 3.364 cm 3 /g, 1.811 cm 3 /g, and 1,601.634 m 2 /g, respectively, and maximum oil sorption capacity at 4.418 g/g for BANA-AC with activation ratio 7:1 (H 3 PO 4), and surface area at 2,172.234 m 2 /g.
... Page399 activities [6][7]. It could be used in our homes to achieve so many results. ...
Research work was conducted to investigate the suitability of dye extracted
from softwood sawdust ash for soap production. The physicochemical
properties of the dye obtained as the final raw material for the production of
liquid and solid bar soap was examined in terms of pH, density, viscosity and
water content with value of 5.5, 1.00kg/
, 2.650 cst and 58.7%. The metal
content from the alkaline/dye extracts obtained are lead (
0.31283 ,
Iron ( ), 4.6574 , manganese ( ) 0.53927 , calcium ( ) 8.13065
, Sodium ( ) 6.52849 , Potassium (k) 493404 , phosphorus (p)
2.4278 and mercury (Hg) 0.00135. The result obtained revealed that the
alkaline/dye extracts does not meet the required standard for soap production
when compared with the Canadian limit of
(10-20 ), Fe (19-60 ),
mg(0.7-2.2 , (7.4-33.1 ), Na (24.4 ), K (126.1 ) (0.3-1.4
) and (Nil). This investigation reveals that lye extracted from soft
wood sawdust ash cannot be useful in the production of liquid and solid bar
soap, since the physicochemical properties and the characteristics of the lye
lack the required nutrient and constituent for soap production.
... Page399 activities [6][7]. It could be used in our homes to achieve so many results. ...
Research work was conducted to investigate the suitability of lye extracted from softwood sawdust ash for soap production. The physicochemical properties of the dye obtained as the final raw material for the production of liquid and solid bar soap was examined in terms of pH, density, viscosity and water content with value of 5.5, 1.00kg/m³, 2.650cSt and 58.7% respectively. The metal content from the alkaline/lye extracts obtained are lead (Pb) 0.31283mg/l,
Iron (Fe), 4.6574mg/l , magnesium (mg) 0.53927mg/l , calcium (Ca) 8.13065mg/l, Sodium (Na) 6.52849mg/l , Potassium (K) 493404mg/l, phosphorus (P) 2.4278mg/l and mercury (Hg) 0.00135mg/l. The result obtained revealed that the alkaline/lye extracts does not meet the required standard for soap production when compared with the Canadian limit of Pb (10-20mg/l), Fe (19-60mg/l),
Mg (0.7-2.2mg/l) , Ca (7.4-33.1mg/l), Na (24.4mg/l), K (126.1mg/l), P (0.3-1.4mg/l) and Hg (Nil). This investigation reveals that lye extracted from softwood sawdust ash cannot be useful in the production of liquid and solid barsoap, since the physicochemical properties and the characteristics of the lye lack the required nutrient and constituent for soap production.
... This is especially true when the emulsions are stabilized by particles or surfactants. The separation and recovery of oil from PW, generally, and from oil-in-water emulsion (O-in-W-emu), specifically, is a widespread problem due to the increase in the discharge of industrial oily PW (Lahann 2008;Wang et al., 2010;Farrington 2013;Zang et al., 2015). Reports have indicated that the direct release of oily PW can cause serious health problems and environmental pollution (Chen and Xu 2013;Li et al., 2014aLi et al., , 2014bDunderdale et al., 2015) (Coca et al., 2011). ...
The recovery of oil from produced water (PW) is integral for minimizing energy resource loses and creating an appropriate treatment method for a sustainable environment. In this study, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe-MNP) were synthesized using the combustion synthesis method (CSM) in the temperature range of 150 to 350 °C. The Fe-MNP were characterized using various analytical techniques and were used to recover oil from oil-in-water emulsion (O-in-W-emu) at various concentrations. The effects of the process parameters including, pH, oil concentration (Coil), Fe-MNP dose (DMNP), the surfactant concentration (Csur) on the demulsification efficiency (%ηdem), and the percentage oil removal (%Roil) were studied. Further, the re-usability of the as-synthetized Fe-MNP were examined and reported. The as-synthetized Fe-MNP achieved a %ηdem ≥ 98% for Coil in the range of 200–660 mg/L. Up to 98.6% of the %Roil was attained for Coil in the range from 0 to 800 mg/L using only a DMNP of 10 mg/L. A lower DMNP of 5 mg/L recovered up to 55.6% of the oil, while increasing the DMNP > 50 mg/L did not significantly affect the %ηdem nor the %Roil. The observed %Roil at a pH of 4 and Csur of 0.05 g/L was observed to be > 90 ± 0.1% and decreased by either rising the pH to 7 or increasing the Csur to 0.1 g/L. This change is due to the decrease in the emulsion stability and the formation of fine oil droplets. Stability and re-usability tests of the as-synthetized Fe-MNP exhibited an effective oil recovery of up to 90% after 7 cycles. The as-synthesized Fe-MNP demulsifier exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity of 51 mg/g and best fit the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The kinetics of the oil recovery process are properly adapted to fit the pseudo-second-order model for the Coil and DMNP. The tests indicated that the fastest and highest adsorption capacity was achieved at a DMNP (100 mg/L). As such, the results indicate that the developed Fe-MNP are an effective and reusable demulsifier, which are suitable for the oil recovery of produced water (PW).
