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This study comparatively investigated the strength characteristics and workability performance of partial replacement of natural fine aggregate with waste glass particles and iron filings in concrete production. Fine aggregate was replaced with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of waste glass particles and iron filings respectively at a water-cement r...
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Bakelite is a industrial waste produce in manufacturing process like in Auto Industries etc. Nowadays the waste increases rapidly because of these modern living and thus creates a waste management problem. It is necessary to overcome such waste related problem in a meaningful manner. The purpose of this study is to find whether the Bakelite gives u...
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... They are masonry units of considerable size in all dimensions specified for bricks with a maximum dimension of 650 mm and a height that should not exceed the length or six times its thickness [4]. In recent times, challenges such as sand dredging [5], the rising cost of building materials [1], and the emphasis on the implementation of circular economy in the construction industry have intensified the need to develop and utilise alternative, cheaper materials for sandcrete block production [6]. Furthermore, since sand comprises approximately 75-80 % of sandcrete blocks, it is crucial to assess the suitability of other materials with similar physical properties to conventional sand. ...
The rising costs of construction materials, particularly sandcrete blocks, necessitate the exploration of cost-effective alternatives. This study examines the feasibility of incorporating iron filings (IF), a by-product of metal workshops, into hollow sandcrete block production and assesses their performance under harsh conditions. IF was used to replace 5-20 % of the fine aggregate component in blocks at a step of 5 %, mixed at a 1:8 ratio, and sized at 450 mm × 150 mm × 225 mm. The study evaluated the impact of acidic exposure on the density, sorptivity, and compressive strength of these blocks, as well as their sensitivity to elevated temperatures. The results showed that IF blocks had significantly lower density than non-IF blocks, especially those cured with H₂SO₄. For instance, blocks with 15 % IF and cured in 0.3 mol/dm 3 H₂SO₄ had a 13.9 % reduction in density. Despite higher acid concentrations, IF samples demonstrated better sorptivity, absorbing water more slowly than non-IF samples. However, exposure to acidic media reduced compressive strength by 1.9 %-47.8 % for HNO₃ exposure and 0.5 %-42.4 % for H₂SO₄ exposure. None of the acid-exposed blocks met the minimum standards for load-bearing (2.5 MPa) or non-load-bearing walls (2.0 MPa) as per NIS standards. Furthermore, the sensitivity of IF sandcrete blocks to changes in compressive strength under elevated temperatures decreased by almost half, from 0.026 to 0.014 MPa/ • C, as the curing period increased from 7 to 28 days. Blocks with 5-15 % IF showed improved compressive strength at temperatures below 150 • C, but strength declined sharply beyond this temperature. By utilising IF, a readily available waste material, the implications of the study are significant for promoting a circular economy in the construction industry. However, the performance of the blocks against durability concerns needs to be improved further before integrating such waste materials into developing sustainable and resilient construction materials Abbreviation AR Analytical reagent H 2 SO 4 Sulphuric acid HNO 3
... Ekop et al. [27] performed a study to examine workability of concrete when waste glass particles were applied as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. The research involved varying percentages of waste glass particles in place of fine aggregate. ...
Concrete typically emerges as the superior choice in terms of strength, adaptability, longevity, noise reduction, energy efficiency, and it additionally possesses the advantage of being fully recyclable. The excessive consumption of natural resources such as sand in traditional concrete production poses environmental concerns and makes concrete production as a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. By using waste glass powder as a partial substitute for fine aggregate, the study explores the potential to lower the carbon footprint of concrete, to reduce the reliance on virgin materials, minimize waste generation, and promote sustainable practices in the construction sector and finally contributing to climate change mitigation and environmental stewardship. Also, it can offer cost savings, as waste glass is often readily available at low cost, reducing the dependence on expensive virgin materials. This article assesses the workability, durability, compressive, flexural, and tensile strength of concrete when waste glass powder is used as a partial substitute for fine aggregate. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on this topic, evaluating the outcomes of previous studies, methodologies, and limitations. This review paper aids in understanding the progress made in this field and identifying areas that require further investigation. Overall, preparing a review paper on the performance of waste glass powder as a partial substitution of fine aggregate in concrete consolidates existing knowledge, evaluates performance, identifies benefits, challenges, and guides future research.
... Aside from investigating the characteristics of freshly mixed concrete, the hardened properties of concrete are also essential in the design and characterisation of concrete (Ekop et al. 2022). Therefore, the hardened properties of the concrete were also evaluated to determine the influence of the bio-admixtures on the compressive strength. ...
The quest for a reduction in CO2 emissions and environmental pollution has become a global concern and a challenge to the construction sector and the research community. These concerns have led to the development of several approaches on how they can be mitigated since the concrete sector is rapidly expanding because of the high demand for construction materials for infrastructure. The emerging strategy for sustainable development in the construction sector is using green construction materials. One such green material is innovative admixtures in concrete and cement mortar. Admixtures are important and necessary components of modern concrete technology. Therefore, the study assesses the relevance of bio-based admixtures in achieving green recovery in concrete and cement mortar. The study critically reviewed the current trend, evaluated some potential green alternative admixtures with promising results, and identified challenges and prospects.
... Such an act offers a sustainable solution for preserving natural resources while reducing landfill quantities (Hwang and Moreno Cortés, 2021;Ahmad et al., 2022). In the past decades, extensive research has been carried out on utilizing waste glass in construction materials (Ekop et al., 2022;Moura et al., 2021). The valorization of waste glass by partial replacement of the raw materials such as cement or aggregates in cement-composites works is reported in the literature Dong et al., 2021). ...
... Concrete with Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (RPET) as sand replacement of 0-30% and 50% resulted in not much reduction in workability due to the low w/c ratio, sub-rounded form, and relatively smooth surface of the RPET granules and it facilitates the mixture's fine aggregate dispersion [8]. Ifiok et al [9] reported that when the content of Iron Filings (IF) was raised, a decreased slump was observed; however, when the content of Glass Particles (GP) was increased, the slump was increased. This is due to the higher specific gravity of IF compared to GP. ...
... It may be due to RPET; density is marginally is lesser than natural sand. Ifiok et al [9] reported that concrete's density increased when IF were substituted as FA, but it decreased when GP were substituted. This may be due to the higher specific gravity of IF i.e., 3.33 resulted in higher density and lower specific gravity of GP i.e., 2.47 resulted in lower density. ...
... Mohammad, et al [8] reported that when 10% sand is replaced with 10% RPET, concrete compressive strength increased by 9.07%, owing to their shape and flexibility as well as their homogeneous distribution. Ifiok, et al [9] studied on concrete containing combined 20% IF and GP when replaced with fine aggregate resulted in 19.37% increment in compressive strength of concrete. Bharadwaj and Sudipta [10] studied on concrete containing mix of 50% fly ash and 50% bottom ash as fine aggregate and concluded that compressive strength of approximately 21.6 to 31.8 N/ mm 2 can be achieved. ...
Sand, a fine aggregate is a coarse-grained material formed with small mineral particles. It is an essential component in industries such as foundry, automobile, construction, etc. It is the third world's most common natural resource after air and water and is critical to the survival of our way of life. Globally, the Earth holds 7.5 sextillion sand grains. In metropolitan India, there is a 60 million metric tonnes yearly demand for sand in various activities. This study reviews the fine aggregate (conventional Sand) replacements (such as Waste Foundry Sand, Graphite Tailings, Low-Density Polyethylene, Ceramic Wastes, Fly ash, Bottom Ash, Expanded Perlite, Pumice, Glass Waste Powder, Steel Slag, Sandstone Cutting Waste, Sea Sand, Alum Sludge, Crumb Rubber, Poly Ethylene Terephthalate, Iron Filings, Glass Particles and Poly Propylene Granules) in the concrete production, as well as the utilisation of alternative sand for a cleaner and more sustainable environment. This study presents the various properties of concrete with sand and its alternatives such as physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete. it is concluded that the highest substitute rate of sand replacement in concrete can help to resolve a variety of disposal-related difficulties, save the natural resources used in aggregate mining, and create more durable and cost-effective concrete. The range of substitution rates for compressive and flexural strengths are 4–75% and 4–50% with their corresponding strength varying from 25 to 30 N/mm2 and 4–13 N/mm2 respectively.
... Many recycled materials are used in concrete by replacing them with cement or aggregates [19][20][21]. Recycled crushed glass is used in numerous studies around the world as a substitute for CA and FA for the development of sustainable concrete [22][23][24]. One of the most important of these waste materials is crushed waste glass (CWG) in aggregate size. ...
In this study, ground glass powder and crushed waste glass were used to replace coarse and fine aggregates. Within the scope of the study, fine aggregate (FA) and coarse aggregate (CA) were changed separately with proportions of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 50%. According to the mechanical test, including compression, splitting tensile, and flexural tests, the waste glass powder creates a better pozzolanic effect and increases the strength, while the glass particles tend to decrease the strength when they are swapped with aggregates. As observed in the splitting tensile test, noteworthy progress in the tensile strength of the concrete was achieved by 14%, while the waste glass used as a fractional replacement for the fine aggregate. In samples where glass particles were swapped with CA, the tensile strength tended to decrease. It was noticed that with the adding of waste glass at 10%, 20%, 40%, and 50% of FA swapped, the increase in flexural strength was 3.2%, 6.3%, 11.1%, and 4.8%, respectively, in amount to the reference one (6.3 MPa). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis consequences also confirm the strength consequences obtained from the experimental study. While it is seen that glass powder provides better bonding with cement with its pozzolanic effect and this has a positive effect on strength consequences, it is seen that voids are formed in the samples where large glass pieces are swapped with aggregate and this affects the strength negatively. Furthermore, simple equations using existing data in the literature and the consequences obtained from the current study were also developed to predict mechanical properties of the concrete with recycled glass for practical applications. Based on findings obtained from our study, 20% replacement for FA and CA with waste glass is recommended.
Hypothetically, all the glass is recyclable, despite of which, only a small fraction of it is recovered globally. Furthermore, decomposition rate of waste glass is lowest when compared to conventional waste such as paper, rubber and plastic. So a gainful utilisation of waste glass in production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) would be fascinating. To this goal, a greener SCC incorporating crushed recycled glass (CRG) has been developed in this study. Alongside, the influence of metakaolin (MK) on fresh, strength and microstructural properties of CRG incorporated SCC was studied. To achieve this purpose, a total of 24 different SCC mixtures were prepared in which MK was used as a cement substitute; cement was partially replaced with 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% MK and CRG was used to replace fine aggregate at the level of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % by volume. Slump flow, V-funnel, l-box and U-box test relates to passing and flowing ability of SCC, were improved as the CRG content increased in the mix. However, mechanical properties were decreased with increase in CRG content. Incorporating MK in CRG incorporated SCC mixtures improved the strength properties corresponding to all the glass replacement levels. The results showed that a greener SCC can be made using crushed recycled glass as sand replacement material and metakaolin as cement substitute.
