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User A is multihomed by connecting to the Internet through ISP1 and ISP2. User A has two alternative paths to reach B and even more options to reach C.
Source publication
Multihoming provides highly diverse redundant paths in terms of average hop count, latency, loss ratio, and jitter. In this paper, we first explore topological path diversity and show that multihoming can significantly reduce the path overlap when a multihomed receiver conducts media streaming from a set of suppliers. We then design a multihome-awa...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... typical setup of residential multihoming is shown in Figure 1, where user A is connected to the Internet via ISP 1 and ISP 2 . When A communicates with B, whose connection is not multihomed, there are two separate end-to-end paths via ISP 1 and ISP 2 . ...
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... experiments show that multihoming can effectively use the alternate paths to avoid congestion and achieve high quality streaming. Figure 10. Expected rate in Kbps and packet loss rate per second of a streaming session with and without multihoming. ...
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... migration decision is taken based on the tomography-based network monitoring. Figure 10 shows the performance of multihoming due to connection split. When there is no congestion (0 -250 seconds), there is no significant performance gap with or without multihoming. ...
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... there is no congestion (0 -250 seconds), there is no significant performance gap with or without multihoming. During congestion, MMS with multi- homing provides a high data rate and a low loss due to connection split ( Figure 10). The data rate with multihoming has very low fluctuations, however, without multihoming the rate goes down as low as zero in a few instances. ...
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... ISP2 can stream at a rate as high as 3 Mbps whereas ISP1 can stream no more than 1 Mbps. Figure 11. Average streaming quality of 6 streaming sessions with and without multihoming. ...
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... quality improvement by multihoming is more than 30%. Figure 11 shows the average quality of six streaming sessions. No packet missed the deadline of its play-out time when multihoming is used whereas many packets missed the deadline without multihoming. ...
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... a result, the quality of the streaming becomes significantly better. Figure 12 shows the loss inference of the non-shared paths of both ISPs for a supplier at Singapore using network tomography. This figure shows that ISP 2 experiences higher loss than ISP 1 for this supplier. ...
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... on this loss inference, MMS migrates the connection of the supplier from Singapore from ISP 2 to ISP 1 . Figure 13 shows that connection migration can achieve streaming with high aggregate rate and high quality. We present the rate of one specific streaming session and streaming quality of three different sessions. ...
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Citations
... • Media streaming. We develop a multipath multihoming streaming (MMS) system [12] and our experimental study in the wide area Internet with MMS shows that multihoming is very effective to the applications that have high throughput requirements. The quality of a video streaming session can be improved significantly if multihoming is used. ...
... We developed a multipath multihoming streaming (MMS) [12] system to evaluate the performance With FEC, the quality of voice improves when both ISPs are congested, however, in other cases the MOS is slightly lower because FEC introduces latency to encode two packets together. Multihoming switches between ISPs to cope with loss, and therefore it improves the performance significantly if at least one ISP is not congested at any given time. ...
An appealing solution for a networked end host to circumvent last mile congestion is to connect to multiple service providers simultaneously, which is known as multihoming. The differences in peering relationships among different service providers make it possible for multihomed hosts to use significantly different routes to the same destination. Therefore, multihoming can dynamically avoid points of congestion in the network by taking advantage of the choice among different routes available at any given time.In this paper, we evaluate the potential benefits of residential multihoming for different classes of applications. For Web access applications, we show that response times and download times can be significantly reduced by multihoming, and this is achievable by employing a simple measurement-based switching algorithm. For Voice-over-IP (VoIP) applications, we show via analysis and wide area experiments that perceived voice quality, as quantified by the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) metric, can be improved with a combination of multihoming and forward error correction coding. Finally, for video streaming applications, performance improvements can be realized by splitting video sessions over multiple physical links and migrating sessions to non-congested paths. Collectively, these results suggest that multihoming can be an effective solution to provide quality of service for diverse classes of Internet applications for residential users.
Adaptive streaming with HTTP has become popular in recent years, enabling continuous delivery of live and VOD content without the need for guaranteed bandwidth. It remains however challenging to maintain a smooth quality of experience under tough network conditions especially for bandwidth eater content like High Definition or 3D. In this paper we show that it is possible to both greatly improve the average quality and attenuate the quality variations for a better user experience by leveraging multipath communication requiring no extra bandwidth. We exploit concurrently multiple paths using a CDN compliant distributed streaming infrastructure and standard HTTP range requests and present the results of several network configurations.
Path diversity is an important index of the dependability and fault tolerance capability of networks. Most path diversity metrics are designed under an implicit hypothesis that all candidate paths for a divergence node are always equally chosen. This may not be true due to the effect of routing policy with consideration of cost or other factors. A new simple metric is proposed in this paper for path diversity measurement of end-to-end networks. An end-to-end network is firstly transformed into a sequence of cascading segments. With the assumption that only one of all available branches is chosen each time, a probability based metric is calculated for each segment, and the joint entropy is calculated as path diversity measurement for the overall end-to-end network. The metric is fitful for both single-hop and multi-hop topologies. A comparison between the new metric and other ones is given at the end.
Software reliability is one of the important attributions of dependable systems. However, for the time being, the assumptions that software reliability measurement makes do not deal with some important factors that influence the accuracy of the software reliability models such as the complexity of the software and the effectiveness of test suite, resulting in inaccuracy or even incorrectness in evaluating the software reliability. Therefore, in this paper, we propose some practical strategies in order to improve the accuracy of software reliability measurement. The idea of the strategies presented in this paper is to incorporate the important factors related to the precision of software reliability measurement into reliability models, which mainly include complexity of software and the test effectiveness, making the software reliability models more adequate and accurate to the real measurement. Experimental results based on five programs selected have shown the feasibility and usefulness of the new approach.
