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Uredo combreticola on Combretum hereroense. Paraphyse-like structures and urediniospores (NA 256). Scale bar = 10 µm.
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Five new rust species are described and hitherto unknown spore states for the following seven species are reported: Puccinia desertorum on Evolvulus alsinoides, Uromyces comptus on Merremia bipinnatipartita, Puccinia halsei on Acacia hereroensis, Ravenelia transvaalensis on Acacia mellifera, Puccinia abutili on Abutilon angulatum, on Abutilon cf. a...
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... Media/Html/index.html); however, Mennicken et al. (2005) had previously assigned a specimen collected in Namibia on Grewia flavescens to U. cf. chevalierii, whilst noting that the dimensions of the spores include smaller ones than described for that species. ...
... 5c, d) but not as prominently erumpent as those of U. chevalerii, these specimens are referred to P. microspora. Mennicken et al. (2005) provides a full description and illustration (as Uredopeltis cf. chevalieri). ...
... Australia [268] Uromyces ornatipes Phrygilanthus sonorae México [15] Uromyces ornithopodioides Ornithopus isthmocarpus and O. compressus Portugal [317] Uromyces orthosiphonis Orthosiphon glabratus India [152] Uromyces otakou Poa spp. New Zealand [591] Uromyces otaviensis Ipomoea verbascoidea Namibia [385] Uromyces ovalis Leersia oryzoides Japan [671] Uromyces shahrudensis Onobrychis sp. Iran [723] Uromyces shikokianus Cladrastis platycarpa and C. shikokiana Japan [222] Uromyces silenes-chloraefoliae Silene chlorifolia Iran [320] Uromyces silksvleyensis Bartholina burmanniana Western Cape and South Africa [378] Uromyces simulans Vilfa sp. ...
Uromyces is the second-largest plant pathogenic rust genus, is responsible for numerous diseases, and has major effects on both agricultural and non-agricultural plants. The genus is generally characterized by its unicellular teliospores that help to characterize it and distinguish it from another important rust genus, Puccinia. In this study, a global overview of the diversity and distribution of Uromyces is presented based on both online and offline resources. The information obtained was analyzed for numerical and graphical summaries to provide the diversity and distribution of the genus by country and continent. Besides this, broad taxonomical aspects, a brief life cycle, and other comparative aspects on diversity and distribution were also provided. In addition, a phy-logenetic analysis based on the ITS and nLSU DNA sequence data available in GenBank and published literature was performed to examine the intergeneric relationships of Uromyces. The results obtained revealed that the rust genus is found distributed over 150 countries, territories, and occu-pancies of the world on around 647 plant genera belonging to 95 plant families. Phylogenetic studies based on LSU and ITS sequence data revealed that Uromyces species are polyphyletic and require more DNA-based analyses for a better understanding of their taxonomic placement.
... The specimen has been collected a number of times in the same season and also in the consecutive years but the telial stage have not been found. Previously it has been reported on Grewia latifolia Benth., G. asiatica L., G. bicolor Juss., G. breviflora Benth., G. cana Sond., G. ferruginea Hochst., G. hexamita Burret, G. monticola Sond., G. pubescens Beauv., G. salviifolia L.f. and G. tiliifolia Vahl from North Africa, South Africa, Australia and India in South Asia (Mennicken et al. 2005, Wood 2007). From Pakistan, the uredinial stage of this rust fungus has been studied on Grewia asiatica from pathological point of view (Walker and Shivas 2004). ...
... Spermogonia unknown. Aecia rarely developed, Aecidium-type, amphigenous on leaves, densely scattered in small and roundish groups up to 2 mm diam, without spots surrounding aecia, spore mass white in herbarium specimen, surrounded by irregularly and finely lacerated, white to light brownish peridium, cells of the peridium moderately firmly connected, outer wall finely striate, inner wall coarsely verrucose (according to Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2006). Aeciospores angular globoid, subgloboid to ellipsoid, 13-20 × 11-15 μm; spore wall 0.5-1 μm, hyaline, germ pores inconspicuous (according to Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2006). ...
... Aecia rarely developed, Aecidium-type, amphigenous on leaves, densely scattered in small and roundish groups up to 2 mm diam, without spots surrounding aecia, spore mass white in herbarium specimen, surrounded by irregularly and finely lacerated, white to light brownish peridium, cells of the peridium moderately firmly connected, outer wall finely striate, inner wall coarsely verrucose (according to Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2006). Aeciospores angular globoid, subgloboid to ellipsoid, 13-20 × 11-15 μm; spore wall 0.5-1 μm, hyaline, germ pores inconspicuous (according to Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2006). Uredinia amphigenous on leaves and twigs, subepidermal, small roundish, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, individually scattered but sometimes forming groups of 2-3, tardily exposed pulverulent, ferruginous and surrounded by the ruptured epidermis or not, often developing to blackish telia. ...
... It differs further in longer and thicker-walled urediniospores. Although Mennicken and Oberwinkler (2006) claimed that teliospore warts of P. turgida were more distantly spaced than in P. afra, we observed that the distance between the warts of P. turgida is variable with spores from a single sorus having very distant to closely spaced warts (FIG. 3A-B). ...
We present a taxonomic and phylogenetic study of Puccinia species (rust fungi) infecting tribe Lycieae (Solanaceae), with focus on the New World taxa. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear (nuc) rDNA 5.8S-ITS2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (CO3) show that Puccinia species occurring on Lyciae are grouped in two major lineages, one New World and one Old World. We assessed the value of morphological traits and geographic range as important features for discriminating lineages. The morphology of teliospore pedicels and rust geographic ranges explained the relationships within this Puccinia species group. Four Puccinia species are recognized on Lycieae in the New World lineage and four in the Old World lineage. Puccinia tumidipes from North America is resurrected and P. dimidipes described as new from South America. In addition, P. spinulosa from Madagascar is reduced to a synonym of P. engleriana. Descriptions and a dichotomous key are presented for the accepted species.
... The specimen has been collected a number of times in the same season and also in the consecutive years but the telial stage have not been found. Previously it has been reported on Grewia latifolia Benth., G. asiatica L., G. bicolor Juss., G. breviflora Benth., G. cana Sond., G. ferruginea Hochst., G. hexamita Burret, G. monticola Sond., G. pubescens Beauv., G. salviifolia L.f. and G. tiliifolia Vahl from North Africa, South Africa, Australia and India in South Asia (Mennicken et al. 2005, Wood 2007). From Pakistan, the uredinial stage of this rust fungus has been studied on Grewia asiatica from pathological point of view (Walker and Shivas 2004). ...
Aecidium saussureae-affinis and Uredopeltis chevalieri are first time described and illustrated from Pakistan and are new records for this area. Grewia optiva, Carpesium trachelifolium and Malus pumila are being reported here as new host records for rust fungi. Telial stage of Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris is first time recorded from Pakistan and is an addition to the already reported stages of this rust. Ravenelia taslimii, Tranzschelia discolor and T. pruni-spinosae are additions to the rust flora of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.
... These novelties were from 41 different genera, ten of which represent new genera, and therefore entirely new genetic lineages. Most of the new rust fungi species were described in the genera Puccinia (66 new species; Abbasi et al. 2002;Abbasi and Darvishnia 2015;Afshan and Khalid 2008Aliabadi and Abbasi 2012;Bahcecioglu andGjaerum 2003, 2004;Bahcecioglu et al. 2005Bahcecioglu et al. , 2009Berndt 2007Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2010Berndt , 2013aBerndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Hüseyin and Kirbag 2003;Iqbal et al. 2009;Kabaktepe 2015;Khalid and Afshan 2009;Kirbag et al. 2001Kirbag et al. , 2011Liu and Hambleton 2012;McKenzie 2008;McKenzie and Johnston 2004;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Okane et al. 2014;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2008;Sotao et al. 2007;Thaung 2011;Wei 2001, 2011), Uromyces (28 new species ;Agarwal 2003;Bahcecioglu 2014;Bahcecıoglu and Gjaerum 2004;Berndt 2002aBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2013bBerndt and Baiswar 2009;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt et al. 2007;Doungsaard et al. 2014;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2014;Rezende and Dianese 2003;Thaung 2009;Walker and van der Merwe 2009;Wood and Scholler 2005;Zhuang and Wei 2003), Uredo (16 new species ;Berndt 2002bBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2007;Cao et al. 2000;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Wei 2011, 2012), Prospodium (12 new species; Berndt 2002b; Berndt et al. 2007;de Carvalho and Hennen 2010), and Phakopsora (11 new species; Bagyanarayana et al. 2001;Beenken 2014;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2008;Ferreiea et al. 2001;Maier et al. 2015;Ono 2000;Ono et al. 2012;Ritschel et al. 2007). Interestingly, species descriptions for rust genera follow the same trend as was seen for classes, i.e. the most species-rich genera (Puccinia, Uredo, and Uromyces) had the highest number of new species discovered. ...
... These novelties were from 41 different genera, ten of which represent new genera, and therefore entirely new genetic lineages. Most of the new rust fungi species were described in the genera Puccinia (66 new species; Abbasi et al. 2002;Abbasi and Darvishnia 2015;Afshan and Khalid 2008Aliabadi and Abbasi 2012;Bahcecioglu andGjaerum 2003, 2004;Bahcecioglu et al. 2005Bahcecioglu et al. , 2009Berndt 2007Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2010Berndt , 2013aBerndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Hüseyin and Kirbag 2003;Iqbal et al. 2009;Kabaktepe 2015;Khalid and Afshan 2009;Kirbag et al. 2001Kirbag et al. , 2011Liu and Hambleton 2012;McKenzie 2008;McKenzie and Johnston 2004;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Okane et al. 2014;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2008;Sotao et al. 2007;Thaung 2011;Wei 2001, 2011), Uromyces (28 new species ;Agarwal 2003;Bahcecioglu 2014;Bahcecıoglu and Gjaerum 2004;Berndt 2002aBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2013bBerndt and Baiswar 2009;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt et al. 2007;Doungsaard et al. 2014;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2014;Rezende and Dianese 2003;Thaung 2009;Walker and van der Merwe 2009;Wood and Scholler 2005;Zhuang and Wei 2003), Uredo (16 new species ;Berndt 2002bBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2007;Cao et al. 2000;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Wei 2011, 2012), Prospodium (12 new species; Berndt 2002b; Berndt et al. 2007;de Carvalho and Hennen 2010), and Phakopsora (11 new species; Bagyanarayana et al. 2001;Beenken 2014;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2008;Ferreiea et al. 2001;Maier et al. 2015;Ono 2000;Ono et al. 2012;Ritschel et al. 2007). Interestingly, species descriptions for rust genera follow the same trend as was seen for classes, i.e. the most species-rich genera (Puccinia, Uredo, and Uromyces) had the highest number of new species discovered. ...
... These novelties were from 41 different genera, ten of which represent new genera, and therefore entirely new genetic lineages. Most of the new rust fungi species were described in the genera Puccinia (66 new species; Abbasi et al. 2002;Abbasi and Darvishnia 2015;Afshan and Khalid 2008Aliabadi and Abbasi 2012;Bahcecioglu andGjaerum 2003, 2004;Bahcecioglu et al. 2005Bahcecioglu et al. , 2009Berndt 2007Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2010Berndt , 2013aBerndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Hüseyin and Kirbag 2003;Iqbal et al. 2009;Kabaktepe 2015;Khalid and Afshan 2009;Kirbag et al. 2001Kirbag et al. , 2011Liu and Hambleton 2012;McKenzie 2008;McKenzie and Johnston 2004;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Okane et al. 2014;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2008;Sotao et al. 2007;Thaung 2011;Wei 2001, 2011), Uromyces (28 new species ;Agarwal 2003;Bahcecioglu 2014;Bahcecıoglu and Gjaerum 2004;Berndt 2002aBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2013bBerndt and Baiswar 2009;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt et al. 2007;Doungsaard et al. 2014;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2014;Rezende and Dianese 2003;Thaung 2009;Walker and van der Merwe 2009;Wood and Scholler 2005;Zhuang and Wei 2003), Uredo (16 new species ;Berndt 2002bBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2007;Cao et al. 2000;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Wei 2011, 2012), Prospodium (12 new species; Berndt 2002b; Berndt et al. 2007;de Carvalho and Hennen 2010), and Phakopsora (11 new species; Bagyanarayana et al. 2001;Beenken 2014;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2008;Ferreiea et al. 2001;Maier et al. 2015;Ono 2000;Ono et al. 2012;Ritschel et al. 2007). Interestingly, species descriptions for rust genera follow the same trend as was seen for classes, i.e. the most species-rich genera (Puccinia, Uredo, and Uromyces) had the highest number of new species discovered. ...
Pucciniomycotina, one of the three subphyla of Basidiomycota, contains a range of microfungi from various habitats and with different lifestyles. In addition to familiar plant pathogenic rusts and anther smuts, the group also contains saprobic and pathogenic yeasts, minute sporocarp-forming fungi, and anamorphic moulds among others. Our knowledge of this group is still improving; over the last 16 years alone, researchers have described 375 new species of Pucciniomycotina, most of which were isolated from less documented areas such as Asia, South America, and Africa. While the majority of these new species belong to the species-rich rust fungi (Pucciniales), exploration in extreme environments such as deep-sea sediments and psychrophilic habitats is uncovering a variety of Pucciniomycotina species, especially yeasts. Molecular phylogenetic studies have greatly improved our understanding of the relationships between these taxa over the last 10 years. As presently circumscribed, the subphylum contains nine classes and 20 orders, the relatedness for most of which was not suspected until recently. Genomic data from members of the subphylum have been scarce but increasing over the last 5 years. We now know, for example, that Pucciniomycotina contains both fungi with the largest known genomes (rust fungi, up to 900 Mb) as well as a fungus with the smallest genome in Basidiomycota (Mixia osmundae, 13 Mb). This chapter discusses these latest developments in Pucciniomycotina research and highlights some challenges still to overcome in order to improve our understanding of this enigmatic group of fungi.
... Veldtgrass was first reported in California in 1929, and known to have been imported as seed from Australia (Love 1948, cited in Pickart 2000. None of the other known co-evolved pathogens of Ehrharta calycina, including Ustilago sladenii (Vánky 2012), and Uromyces quaggafonteinus (Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Berndt and Wood 2012) have reached Australia and California. This may imply that the introduction of Tilletia ehrhartae to Australia had been realized via infected seeds and occurred much earlier than 1981. ...
Tilletia ehrhartae, a smut fungus infecting perennial veldtgrass Ehrharta calycina, is epitypified and characterized using the Consolidated Species Concept, including morphology, ecology (host plant) and rDNA sequences (ITS and LSU). Tilletia ehrhartae is native and endemic to the Cape Floral Kingdom (located entirely in South Africa), but it has also been introduced to the alien artificial range of Ehrharta calycina in Australia and California. This smut has already caused some biosecurity problems in Australia as its spores were found to contaminate harvested wheat seeds, leading to confusion with Karnal bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia indica (which is absent in Australia), and therefore constituting a potential risk for Australian wheat export. The current global distribution of Tilletia ehrhartae, possible colonization history, and potential for nature conservation, biosecurity and biocontrol are discussed. The sequences generated in this work could serve as DNA barcodes to facilitate rapid identification of this important species.
... It must, however, be noted that certain Puccinia species also display two germ pores per cell (e.g. Puccinia abutili or Puccinia cephalandrae; Mennicken et al. 2005b). All representatives of Cumminsiella are autoecious, most of them macrocyclic and they are naturally restricted to Mahonia and Berberis in the Americas (Baxter 1957;McCain & Hennen 1982). ...
... A total of 49 of these recorded taxa have been recognized meanwhile to represent anamorph states or synonyms of already known species (Crous et al. 2006). Thus, about 110 species were added to the South African rust mycobiota during the last 60 years, many of them only recently (e.g., Berndt 2008bBerndt , 2010Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Wood 2006Wood , 2007 indicating that South Africa remains under-collected. An important aspect is that many of the described species have been collected only once or a few times and are therefore incompletely known with regard to morphological characters and variability, host range and geographical distribution. ...
... Uromyces ehrhartae-giganteae is only known in the telial state whereas telio-and urediniospores were described for U. quaggafonteinus. Mennicken and Oberwinkler (2004) assigned Uredo ehrhartae-calycinae to U. ehrhartaegiganteae as its uredinial anamorph. This assumption can neither be verified nor falsified on grounds of morphology, as the type specimens of U. ehrhartae-giganteae kept in PREM and PUR do not contain any uredinia or urediniospores. ...
This paper presents new species, combinations, national reports and host records for the South African rust fungi (Uredinales/Pucciniales).
Endophyllum mpenjatiense on cf. Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae), Phakopsora combretorum (anamorph Uredo combreticola) on the new host Combretum apiculatum (Combretaceae) and Uredo sekhukhunensis on Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) are described as new species. Dietelia cardiospermi and E. metalasiae are proposed as new combinations to replace Aecidium cardiospermi on Cardiospermum halicacabum (Sapindaceae) and A. metalasiae on Metalasia spp. (Asteraceae), respectively. Four species are new records for South Africa: Crossopsora antidesmae-dioicae on Antidesma venosum (Euphorbiaceae), Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris on Z. mucronata, and Uromyces cypericola and Puccinia subcoronata, both on a new host, Cyperus albostriatus (Cyperaceae). The record of P. subcoronata is the first one from outside the New World. Puccinia scirpi is reported as a possible addition to the South African rust fungi. New host records and observations are presented for Pucciniastrum agrimoniae that is recorded on two new host genera and species, Cliffortia odorata and Leucosidea sericea (Rosaceae), Uromyces cypericola whose urediniospores are described for the first time, Phakopsora stratosa in that spermogonia and Uredo-like aecia were discovered, and for Sphaerophragmium dalbergiae in that characters of the urediniospores are re-evaluated. A lectotype is selected for Aecidium garckeanum and spermogonia are reported for this rust for the first time. The rust fungi of Ehrharta (Poaceae) are discussed and critically evaluated in the light of spore morphology and host species.
... (Funk et al. 2004, Gibbs Russell 1985. Recent studies on the rust fungi of Helichrysum showed that this genus is host to numerous similar and apparently closely related Puccinia species of which many had been overlooked hitherto (Berndt 2009, Berndt and Uhlmann 2006, Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004. ...
Puccinia species (rust fungi, Pucciniales, formerly Uredinales) occurring on Berkheya (syn. Stobaea) of Asteraceae are critically evaluated. Puccinia berkheyicola, P. stobaeae var. stobaeae and P. stobaeae var. woodii are recognized as valid species and varieties, while P. berkheyae is relegated to a synonym of P. stobaeae var. stobaeae. Lectotypes are selected for P. stobaeae var. stobaeae and P. stobaeae var. woodii. P. clanwilliamensis, P. garstfonteinii and P. monsfontium are proposed as new species for three rust fungi previously assigned to P. stobaeae; P. berkheyaephila is described as new on B. bipinnatifida. A key to the accepted species is presented.
